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HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


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LIBRARY 


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University  bP  MMf  land 


SCHOOL  OF  MEDICINE 


(1807-1890), 


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DUPLICATE 

AN   INTRODUCTORY  CHAPTER,  ^OTICES  OF   THE   SCHOOLS 
LAW,  ARTS  AND  SCIENCES^TJ^^  THEOLOG.^,^^^#>--''' 
THE   DEPARTMENT   OF   DENTfS^R^f-^**^ 


^^n^^al  ^'atal00Ui|  uf  '%€m\  ^luntitl 


EUGENE  FAUNTLEROY  CORDELL,  M.D. 

(class  of  I 


Filius  sim  dignus  istd  dignd  parente. 


BALTIMORE, 

PRESS  OF  ISAAC  FRIEDENWALD. 

1891 


Copyright,  1891, 
By  Eugbnb  Fauntlkroy  Cordbli.,  M.  D. 


PRESS  AND  BINDERY  OF 
ISAAC  FRIEOENWALD,  BALTIMORE. 


PREFACE. 

'^r^HIS  work  was  conceived  more  than  ten  years  ago,  with  the  idea 
X  of  supplying  the  presumed  desire  of  many  friends  of  the  Uni- 
versity to  know  more  of  its  past  history.  In  some  investigations 
which  the  author  then  made,  he  found  the  subject  fraught  with 
varied  and  highly  interesting  episodes,  in  which  many  eminent  per- 
sons, without  as  well  as  within  the  profession,  had  taken  part.  Most 
of  this  was  a  terra  incognita  to  the  present  generation,  and  it  not 
unnaturally  occurred  to  the  author  that  an  accurate  sketch  of  these 
events  and  memoirs  of  these  persons  would  not  only  prove  accept- 
able to  those  most  interested,  but,  perhaps,  be  regarded  as  of  some 
value  as  a  contribution  to  the  history  of  our  city  and  State.  The 
result  of  his  labors,  such  as  it  is,  is  herewith  laid  before  the  reader, 
and  he  begs  leave  to  dedicate  it  most  respectfully  to  his  fellow- 
alumni  of  the  School  of  Medicine.  Whatever  the  financial  outcome 
of  his  enterprise  may  be,  if  in  recalling  the  faces  and  forms  of 
teachers  and  comrades,  and  in  reflecting  upon  the  imagination,  as  it 
were,  once  more  the  scenes  of  student  life,  it  prove  a  source  of 
pleasure  to  his  readers,  and  especially  if  it  renew  or  intensify  their 
interest  in  an  alma  mater  so  worthy  of  esteem  and  affection,  he  will 
not  consider  that  he  has  labored  in  vain. 

21 II  Maryland  Avenue, 

Baltimore,  yrt««arj/  i,  1891. 


CONTENTS. 

Introductory  :  Events  Preceding  the  Founding  of  the  College 

OF  Medicine  of  Maryland  in  1807 1-14 

First  Period:  College  of  Medicine,  1807-1812 15-29 

Second   Period:    University — Government   of  Regents,  1812- 

1825 30-60 

Third  Period:  Government  of  Trustees,  1826-1839 61-103 

Fourth  Period:    Restoration  of  Regents  to   Close  of  Civil 

War,  1839-1865      104-132 

Fifth  Period  :  From  the  Civil  War  to  the  Present,  1865-1890  .  133-161 
Catalogue  of  Alumni,  School  of  Medicine,  18 12-1890,  inclusive  .  167-206 

Addenda 207-208 

Appendix 209-213 

Index 214-218 


rd\  ^^'^   ^-''I'Un 


INTRODUCTORY. 

EVENTS  PRECEDING  THE  FOUNDING  OF  THE  COLLEGE 
OF  MEDICINE  OF  MAR  YLAND  IN  1807, 

BALTIMORE,  the  youngest  of  the  great  Atlantic  seaboard  cities, 
ranked  as  a  place  of  but  little  consequence  prior  to  the  Revolu- 
tion. It  made  considerable  progress  during  that  struggle,  and  at  its 
close  had  a  population  estimated  at  about  8coo.  On  the  restoration 
of  peace  an  active  emigration  set  in,  commerce  and  manufactures 
increased,  and  the  town  grew  and  developed  astonishingly.  Among 
the  other  settlers  of  this  period  were  several  physicians  who  after- 
wards became  eminent  in  the  community,  and  we  also  find  at  this 
time  the  first  evidences  of  homogeneity  and  professional  spirit  among 
the  practitioners  of  the  town  and  state.  The  establishment  of  the 
University  of  Maryland  may  be  regarded  as  the  final  and  crowning- 
event  of  a  long  series  of  discussions,  plans  and  attempts,  all  looking 
towards  organization  of  the  profession  and  the  securing  of  oppor- 
tunities of  advanced  medical  instruction  for  this  community.  As 
these  all  bear  so  close  a  relation  to  the  institution  whose  history  it  is 
proposed  in  the  following  pages  to  sketch,  it  becomes  necessary  to 
devote  a  brief  space  to  their  consideration. 

The  first  indication  of  a  tendency  towards  a  community  of  interest 
and  action  in  the  profession  was  an  interesting  discussion  in  the 
newspapers,  upon  the  subject  of  medical  reform  and  suppression  of 
quackery,  which  began  about  1785  and  was  carried  on,  at  intervals, 
through  several  years.  In  July,  1788,  a  medical  writer  suggested 
that  a  law  be  passed  restricting  the  practice  of  medicine  to  those 
duly  qualified,  and  at  the  close  of  this  year  a  petition  was  in  circu- 
lation among  the  citizens  of  the  town  and  state,  for  presentation 
to  the  General  Assembly,  praying  that  body  to  institute  measures 
for  "  the  better  regulation  of  medical  practice  "  in  the  community.^ 

'  To  this  call  it  is  significantly  added  that  "empirics  are  most  particularly 
prevalent  in  Baltimore."  What  would  have  been  the  writer's  astonishment 
and  disgust  could  he  have  foreseen  that  the  same  statement  would-be  equally 
true  one  hundred  years  later! 


2  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  MARYLAND. 

In  furtherance  of  this  movement,  and  for  the  purpose  of  discussing 
the  most  eligible  plan  for  carrying  it  out,  a  society  was  formed 
by  the  physicians  of  the  town,  to  whose  meetings  the  physicians 
throughout  the  state  were  invited  ;  those  who  were  unable  to  attend 
being  requested  to  send  their  views  in  writing.  A  plan  was  sketched 
for  a  state  medical  society,  embracing  the  main  features  of  the 
charter  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  and  the 
success  of  the  movement  seemed  on  the  point  of  being  attained,  when 
further  progress  was  cut  short  by  the  death  of  its  chief  patron  and 
promoter.  Dr.  Charles  Frederick  Wiesenthal. 

Charles  Frederick  Wiesenthal  was  born  in  Germany  in  1727.  He 
arrived  in  Baltimore  in  1755,  and  continued  to  practice  here  from  that  time 
until  his  death  in  1789.  He  held  several  offices  in  the  state  line  and  super- 
intended the  manufacture  of  saltpetre  during  the  Revolution.  He  was  much 
esteemed  and  beloved.  One  of  his  pupils  (Dr.  George  Buchanan),  in  dedi- 
cating his  inaugural  thesis  to  him  (Philadelphia,  1789),  calls  him  the  Sydenham 
of  Baltimore.  The  obituary  notice  of  Dr.  W.,  in  the  newspapers,  is  headed : 
"The  shaft  he  so  often  warded  from  others  has  pierced  him  at  last."' 

In  the  fall  of  1789  a  more  complete  organization  of  the  physicians 
of  the  town  was  effected,  to  which  the  name  "Medical  Society  of 
Baltimore  "  was  given.  Dr.  Andrew  Wiesenthal,  a  son  of  the  above, 
and  Dr.  George  Buchanan,  both  of  whom  had  recently  returned  to 
the  city  after  extensive  studies  abroad,  were  its  leading  spirits. 
Under  its  auspices  dissection  was  attempted  and  the  body  of  an 
executed  criminal  was  procured  for  the  instruction  of  the  students 
of  anatomy  and  surgery  in  the  town.  The  populace,  however,  inter- 
fered and  took  possession  of  the  body,  which  proved  a  great  damper 
upon  the  ardor  of  the  teachers.^ 

During  the  ensuing  winter  (1789-go)  Dr.  Wiesenthal  lectured 
upon  anatomy  and  surgery  to  a  class  of  fifteen,  and  Dr.  George 
Buchanan  upon  obstetrics  to  a  class  of  nine.'  The  success  of  this 
first  attempt  led  in  the  spring  of  1790  to  the  organization  of  a 
"  Medical  School,"  with  a  full  faculty,  which,  besides  the  two 
already  mentioned,  included  other  men  of  prominence  and  known 
ability  and  doubtless  well  qualified  to  do  honor  to  any  institution 
with  which  they  might  be  connected.     Several  of  the  members  of 

'^  Maryland  Journal,  June  2,  1789. 
2  Newspapers  and  Griffith'' s  Aiuials. 

^A  complimentary  notice  of  these  lectures  by  the  students  in  attendance 
appears  in  the  papers  the  following  March, 


INTRODUCTORY.  3 

this  faculty  were  physicians  to  the  county  and  town  almshouse, 
then  located  at  the  head  of  Howard  street,  a  circumstance  that 
favored  the  prompt  inauguration  of  clinical  teaching.  A  public  hos- 
pital was  also  contemplated,  and  the  benefits  to  be  derived  from  its 
establishment  were  duly  dwelt  upon  in  the  published  advertisements. 
The  opportunities  for  instruction  were  to  be  still  further  increased 
by  a  lying-in  hospital,  and  Dr.  Buchanan  published  a  "  Treatise  on 
Typhus  Fever,"  for  the  purpose  of  raising  funds  for  it. 

This  institution  was  destined  to  but  a  brief  existence.  The  Medical 
Society  was  dissolved  before  midsummer,  and  none  of  the  proposed 
lectures  appear  to  have  been  delivered  the  next  winter. 

Dr.  Andrew  Wiesenthal  was  born  in  Baltimore  in  1762.  He  obtained  his 
medical  education  in  Scotland.  He  returned  to  Baltimore  in  1789.  He  was 
Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court  in  1796  and  died  in  1798. 

Dr.  George  Buchanan  was  born  near  Baltimore  in  1763.  He  received  his 
medical  education  in  Edinburgh  and  Philadelphia,  and  began  practice  in  Balti- 
more in  1789.  He  was  a  member  of  the  City  Council  in  1797,  the  year  after 
Baltimore  became  a  city,  and  the  following  year  a  magistrate.  He  retired  from 
practice  in  1800  on  account  of  bad  health.  He  moved  to  Philadelphia  in  1806, 
became  Lazaretto  physician  of  that  city,  and  died  there  of  yellow  fever  in 
1808,  at  the  age  of  45  years.  He  was  a  man  of  advanced  views  and  public 
spirit,  urging  the  registration  of  births,  the  formation  of  a  public  park,  and 
the  organization  of  a  humane  society  {1790),  delivering  an  address  upon  the 
"moral  and  political  evils  of  slavery"  (1791),  and  aiding  in  the  foundation  of 
the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland  (1799). 

Although  this  enterprise  met  with  so  little  success,  Dr.  Wiesenthal 
did  not  abandon  the  idea  of  a  medical  school.  In  the  fall  of  1797  he 
advertised  lectures  on  anatomy,  surgery  and  midwifery,  to  com- 
mence the  first  Monday  in  November,  and  a  notice  also  appeared  in 
the  papers,  most  likely  emanating  from  him,  of  a  "medical  seminary,'" 
several  courses  of  lectures  in  which  were  already  in  preparation  for 
the  ensuing  winter.  The  proposed  "  removal  of  Professor  Rush  from 
Philadelphia  to  New  York  "  would,  it  was  thought,  greatly  favor  the 
success  of  this  undertaking.^  No  further  information  is  given  of  this 
enterprise,  which  evidently  shared  the  fate  of  its  predecessor. 

These  various  efforts  served  at  least  to  keep  alive  in  the  breasts  of 
the  more  advanced  thinkers  in  the  profession  aspirations  for  better 
things,  and  they  were  not  without  practical  results  in  the  end.   Their 

'  Notice  in  newspaper  of  1797. 


4  THE  UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 

culmination  was  reached  in  1799,  in  the  passage  by  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  state,  of  the  charter  of  incorporation  of  the  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland.  Those  were  wise  and  far- 
sighted  physicians  who  conceived  and  secured  the  passage,  by  the 
highest  legislative  tribunal  of  the  state,  of  this  admirable  law,  which 
at  once  united  all  the  practitioners  in  the  state  into  a  comprehensive 
organization,  and  conferred  upon  them,  in  their  corporate  capacity, 
absolute  control  of  all  professional  interests.  That  this  charter  has 
fallen  into  desuetude  and  proven  inoperative  in  the  course  of  years  is 
due  to  the  apathy  and  want  of  spirit  of  their  successors,  and  illus- 
trates a  well-known  truth,  that  not  only  are  good  laws  necessary,  but 
the  men  also  to  see  to  their  execution. 

Shortly  before  this,  two  young  physicians  had  settled  in  Baltimore, 
whose  influence  upon  the  future  University  was  to  be  paramount. 
They  were  Doctors  John  Beale  Davidge  and  Nathaniel  Potter.  The 
former  settled  in  Baltimore  in  1796  (the  year  in  which  the  city  was 
incorporated),  the  latter  a  year  later. 

From  the  time  of  his  arrival,  as  we  learn  from  Dr.  Potter,  Dr. 
Davidge  entertained  the  idea  of  founding  here  a  medical  school,  and 
the  subject  formed  a  frequent  topic  of  conversation  between  the  two, 
but  they  were  unable  to  find  any  others  "  willing  to  embark  in  an 
untried  experiment  so  inauspicious  and  problematical."  About 
1802  (as  near  as  we  can  ascertain),^  he  began  a  "private  course  of 
lectures  "  on  anatomy,  surgery,  midwifery  and  physiology.  These 
lectures  were  continued  annually  until  they  merged  into  the  College 
of  Medicine,  of  which  they  may  therefore  be  regarded  as  the  nucleus. 

The  establishment  of  a  medical  college  began  also  about  this 
time  to  form  a  subject  of  discussion  at  the  meetings  of  the  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty.  At  the  biennial  meeting  held  at  Annapolis 
in  1801,  apian  was  proposed  "by  a  distinguished  member  of  the 
Society,"  which  was  revised  and  approved  by  Dr.  Upton  Scott,  the 
president.  Owing  to  the  limited  attendance,  final  action  was  deferred, 
after  much  discussion,  till  1802,  when  it  was  further  urged  in  an 
address  by  Dr.  Scott's  successor.  Dr.  Philip  Thomas.^     The  need  of 

1  Newspaper  advertisement,  Dec.  1802.  These  lectures  were  advertised  to 
be  delivered  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday,  at  7  P.  M.  (Scharf).  This  is  the 
earliest  notice  of  these  lectures  the  author  has  met  with.  The  statements  of 
Potter  and  others  as  to  the  time  of  their  commencement  do  not  agree.  Davidge 
himself  says  {Physical Sketches,  Vol.  2,  1814)  that  it  was  between  1799  and  1804. 

"^Federal  Gazette,  June  16,  1802. 


INTRODUCTORY.  5 

further  legislation  led  to  delay,  and  the  committee  to  whom  the 
matter  was  referred  was  continued/ 

The  year  1807  is  memorable  as  the  date  of  the  founding  of  the 
proposed  institution,  and,  in  order  that  we  may  know  all  the  circum- 
stances connected  with  so  important  and  interesting  an  event,  it  is 
necessary  to  introduce  here  some  other  personages  who  participated 
in  it,  besides  those  already  named. 

One  of  these  was  Dr.  James  Cocke,  of  Virginia,  who  came  to  Bal- 
timore to  reside  about  the  close  of  the  year  1804.  He  had  pursued  his 
medical  studies  at  Guy's  Hospital,  London,  under  Sir  Astley  Cooper, 
and  afterwards,  in  1804,  received  his  diploma  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  His  thesis,  which  was  an  attempt  to  explain  the  cause 
of  inflammation  in  wounded  cavities,  attracted  considerable  attention 
and  was  republished  by  Dr.  Charles  Caldwell,  of  Philadelphia,  in  a 
volume  with  others  deemed  worthy  of  permanent  preservation.  On 
February  loth,  1807,  he  became  associated  in  practice  with  Dr. 
Davidge,  and  during  the  remainder  of  his  brief  but  active  life,  the 
most  devoted  attachment  subsisted  between  the  two. 

Another  was  Dr.  John  Shaw,  of  Annapolis,  who  first  publicly 
offered  his  services  to  the  people  of  Baltimore  on  March  2d,  1807. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  St.  John's  College,  a  man  of  scholarly  attain- 
ments and  of  decided  poetical  talent.  He  had  attended  lectures  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  but  had  left  before  obtaining  his 
degree  there,  in  order  to  avail  himself  of  a  medical  appointment  in 
the  navy,  which  was  offered  to  him.  He  was  fond  of  travel  and 
adventure  and  led  a  somewhat  wandering  life,  of  which  he  has  left 
many  interesting  reminiscences. 

These  two  and  Davidge,  drawn  together,  no  doubt,  by  common 
literary  tastes  and  aspirations,  and  having  as  yet  ample  leisure,  united 
in  a  course  of  medical  instruction  in  the  fall  of  1807.  The  course 
began  about  the  first  of  November.  Dr.  Davidge  took  charge  of  the 
departments  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery  and  gave  some  attention  to 
the  elements  of  Midwifery ;  Dr.  Cocke  took  Physiology,  and  Dr. 
Shaw,  Chemistry.  Dr.  Shaw's  lectures  began  November  24th  and 
were  given  at  his  house  in  "  Chatham "  street,  on  Tuesdays  and 
Fridays,  at  7  P.  M.  To  accommodate  the  anatomical  department,  Dr. 
Davidge  erected  at  his  own  expense  and  on  his  own  ground,  "  a 

'  Drs.  George  Brown  and  Davidge  were  members  of  this  committee  (June, 

1803). 


6  THE   UNIVERSITY  OF  MARYLAND. 

small  anatomical  theatre."*     A  subject  was  procured  for  the  use  of 

the  class,  but  its  introduction  became  known  and  a  crowd  of  boys 
collected  in  front  of  the  door.  Soon  this  gathering  increased  to  a 
noisy  mob,  who  proceeded  to  demolish  the  building  and  destroy  its 
contents.  So  much  prejudice  against  dissection  existed  in  the  public 
mind  at  that  period  that  but  little  sympathy  was  felt  in  the  commu- 
nity for  the  Doctor's  loss.° 

This  mishap  interrupted  the  lectures  for  a  time,  but  it  had  the 
effect  of  bringing  the  profession  to  the  support  of  the  enterprise,  and 
a  full  meeting  of  the  physicians  of  the  city  was  held  at  Dr.  Davidge's 
house,  early  in  December,  to  take  action  to  procure  legal  protection 
and  support.^  It  was  then  unanimously  resolved,  "in  consequence 
of  the  late  interruption  of  lectures  on  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  and  the 
very  generous  and  handsome  present  of  a  lot  of  ground  in  the  pre- 
cincts," to  apply  to  the  Legislature  for  a  charter  for  a  medical  college, 
and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  canvass  the  city  for  funds  for  the 
erection  of  a  building. 

No  time  was  lost  in  preparing  the  charter,  a  duty  which  was  very 
satisfactorily  discharged  by  Dr.  Shaw.  Indeed,  it  is  probable  that 
the  charter  had  already  been  drawn  up  and  that  it  was  presented  to 
the  meeting. 

In  its  passage  through  the  House  of  Delegates  on  December  7th, 
the  "  Medical  College  Bill "  was  under  discussion,  and  an  amendment 
was  proposed  uniting  the  school  with  St.  Mary's  College,  a  Roman 
Catholic  institution  on  North  Paca  street  above  Franklin,  now  limited 
to  the  education  of  priests  and  known  as  the  Seminary  of  St. 
Sulpice.  This  amendment  was  lost  and  the  bill  passed  the  Legis- 
lature, in  its  original  form,  on  December  i8th.*  The  following  is  the 
full  text  of  this  bill,  taken  from  the  authorized  publication  of  the  laws 
passed  at  this  session  of  the  Legislature,  and  printed  by  the  "  Printer 
to  the  State  ": 

^  Which  was  located  near  the  southeast  corner  of  Liberty  and  Saratoga 
streets.     (Scharf.) 

'  Potter's  "  Some  Account  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land,'''' pamphlet,  1838. 

^A  notice  of  the  proceedings  of  this  meeting  appeared  in  the  newspapers  of 
December  3d. 

■*  See  certificate  of  "John  Brewer,  Clerk,  House  of  Delegates,"  in  Potter's 
Journal,  1811. 


INTRODUCTORY.  7 

An  Act  for  founding  a  medical  college  in  the  city  or  precincts  of 

Baltimore  for  the   instruction  of   students   in  the    different 

branches  of  medicine. 

Whereas  it  appears  to  this    general  assembly  that  many  benefits    would 

accrue,  not  only  to  the  state  of  Maryland,  but  to  many  other  parts  of  the  United 

States,  from  the  establishment  of  a  seminary  for  the  promotion  of   medical 

knowledge  in  the  city  of  Baltimore  ;  therefore 

II.  Be  it  enacted,  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,  That  a  college  for  the 
promotion  of  medical  knowledge,  by  the  name  of  The  College  of  Medicine  of 
Maryland,  be  established  in  the  city  or  precincts  of  Baltimore,  upon  the  following 
fundamental  principles,  to  wit:  The  said  college  shall  be  founded  and  maintained 
forever  upon  a  most  liberal  plan,  for  the  benefit  of  students  of  every  country  and 
every  religious  denomination,  who  shall  be  freely  admitted  to  equal  privileges 
and  advantages  of  education,  and  to  all  the  honors  of  the  college,  according  to 
their  merit,  without  requiring  or  enforcing  any  religious  or  civil  test,  or  urging 
their  attendance  upon  any  particular  plaa  of  religious  worship  or  service  ;  nor 
shall  any  preference  be  given  in  the  choice  of  a  president,  professor,  lecturer, 
or  other  officer  of  the  said  college,  on  account  of  his  particular  religious  profes- 
sion, but  regard  shall  be  solely  paid  to  his  moral  character,  and  other  neces- 
sary qualifications  to  fill  the  place  for  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

III.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  members  of  the  board  of  medical  examiners 
for  this  state  for  the  time  being,  together  with  the  president  and  the  professors 
of  the  said  college,  and  their  successors,  shall  be,  and  are  hereby  declared  to 
be,  one  community,  corporation  and  body  politic,  to  have  continuance  for  ever, 
by  the  name  of  The  Regents  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland. 

IV.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  said  regents  and  their  successors,  by  the 
same  name,  shall  be  able  and  capable  to  enjoy,  to  them  and  their  successors,  in 
fee,  or  for  any  less  estate  or  estates,  any  lands,  tenements,  annuities,  pensions 
or  other  hereditaments,  within  this  state,  by  the  gift,  grant,  bargain,  sale,  alien- 
ation, enfeoffment,  release,  confirmation  or  devise,  of  any  person  or  persons, 
bodies  politic  or  corporate,  capable  to  make  the  same,  and  such  lands,  tene- 
ments, rents,  annuities,  pensions  or  other  hereditaments,  or  any  less  estates, 
rights  or  interests,  of  or  in  the  same,  at  their  pleasure  to  grant,  alien,  sell  and 
transfer,  in  such  manner  and  form  as  they  shall  think  meet  and  convenient  for 
the  furtherance  of  the  said  college  ;  and  also  that  they  may  take  and  receive 
any  sum  or  sums  of  money,  and  every  kind,  manner  or  portion  of  goods  and 
chattels,  that  shall  be  sold  or  given  to  them,  by  any  person  or  persons,  bodies 
politic  or  corporate,  capable  to  make  a  gift  or  sale  thereof,  and  employ  the 
same  towards  maintaining  the  said  college,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  judge 
most  necessary  and  convenient  for  the  instruction  of  students  in  medicine,  and 
the  sciences  connected  with  it. 

V.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  said  regents  and  their  successors,  shall  be  able 
in  law  to  sue  and  be  sued,  plead  and  be  impleaded,  in  any  court  or  courts, 
before  any  judge,  judges  or  justices,  within  this  state  and  elsewhere,  in  all  and 
all  manner  of  suits,  pleas,  causes,  matters  and  demands,  of  whatsoever  kind, 
nature  or  form  they  be,  and  to  do  all  and  every  other  matter  and  thing  hereby 


8  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

contemplated  to  be  done,  in  as  full  and  effectual  a  manner,  as  any  other  person 
or  persons,  bodies  politic  or  corporate,  in  like  cases,  may  or  can  do. 

VI.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  yearly  value  of  the  messuages,  lands,  tene- 
ments, rents,  annuities,  or  other  hereditaments  and  real  estate,  of  the  said 
college  and  corporation  (exclusive  of  the  lots  and  buildings  occupied  by  the 
institution),  shall  not  exceed  thirty  thousand  dollars  ;  and  all  gifts  to  the  said 
college  and  corporation,  after  the  yearly  value  of  their  estates  shall  amount  to 
thirty  thousand  dollars  aforesaid,  and  all  bargains  and  purchases  to  be  made 
by  the  said  corporation,  which  may  increase  the  yearly  value  of  said  estate  above 
or  beyond  the  amount  aforesaid,  shall  be  absolutely  void  and  of  none  effect. 

VII.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  said  regents  and  their  successors  shall  have 
full  power  and  authority  to  have,  make  and  use,  one  common  and  public  seal, 
and  likewise  one  privy  seal,  with  such  devices  and  inscriptions  as  they  shall 
think  proper,  and  to  ascertain,  fix  and  regulate,  the  uses  of  both  seals  by  their 
own  laws,  and  the  same  seals,  or  either  of  them,  to  change,  break,  alter  and 
renew  at  their  pleasure. 

VIII.  Aiid  be  it  enacted.  That  the  said  regents  shall  have  full  power  and 
authority  to  appoint  a  president  of  the  said  college,  who  shall  preside  at  their 
meetings,  and  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  assigned  to  him,  and  in  his 
absence  to  appoint  a  vice-president,  which  latter  shall  always  be  one  of  their  own 
body. 

IX.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  said  regents  shall  from  time  to  time,  and  at 
all  times  hereafter  forever,  have  full  power  and  authority  to  constitute  and 
appoint,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  think  best  and  most  convenient,  profes- 
sors of  the  different  branches  of  medicine  for  instructing  the  stucfents  of  said 
college,  by  regular  lectures  upon  every  part  of  that  science,  who  shall  be 
severally  styled  Professors  of  such  branch  as  they  shall  be  nominated  and 
appointed  for,  according  to  each  particular  nomination  and  appointment;  and 
also  to  constitute  and  appoint,  in  like  manner,  lecturers  upon  the  sciences  sub- 
servient to,  or  connected  with,  medicine,  who  shall  be  severally  styled  Lec- 
turers on  such  sciences  as  they  shall  be  appointed  for;  and  the  said  professors 
and  lecturers,  so  constituted  and  appointed  from  time  to  time,  shall  be  known 
and  distinguished  forever  as  one  learned  body  or  faculty,  by  the  name  of  The 
Medical  Faculty  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  and  in  that  name 
shall  be  capable  of  choosing  their  own  dean  of  faculty,  and  of  exercising  such 
powers  and  authorities  as  the  regents  of  the  said  college,  and  their  successors, 
shall  by  their  ordinances,  think  necessary  to  delegate  to  them,  for  the  instruction, 
discipline  and  government  of  the  said  institution,  and  of  all  students,  officers 
and  servants  belonging  to  the  same  ;  provided  that  nothing  be  done  in  virtue 
of  this  act  contrary  to  the  constitution  and  laws  of  this  state,  or  to  the  consti- 
tution and  laws  of  the  United  States. 

X.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  said  regents  and  their  successors  shall  meet 
at  least  once  a  year  in  stated  annual  meetings,  to  be  appointed  by  their  own 
ordinances,  and  at  such  other  times  as  by  their  said  ordinances  they  may 
direct,  in  order  to  examine  into  all  matters  touching  the  discipline  of  the 
institution,  and  the  good  and  wholesome  execution  of  their  ordinances  ;  and 


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INTRODUCTORY.  9 

the  said  regents,  when  duly  assembled,  shall  have  full  power  and  authority  to 
make  their  own  rules  of  proceeding,  and  to  make  fundamental  ordinances  for 
the  government  and  discipline  of  the  said  college,  and  to  appoint  the  neces- 
sary officers  of  the  same,  in  all  which  meetings  a  majority  of  the  whole  number 
of  regents  shall  be  a  quorum  to  do  any  business  except  to  vacate  the  seat  of  a 
president,  professor  or  lecturer,  for  which  purpose  the  consent  of  two-thirds 
of  the  whole  number  of  regents  shall  be  necessary. 

XI.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  medical  faculty  of  the  said  college  shall  hold 
one  term  in  each  year,  which  shall  commence  on  the  first  Monday  in  November 
in  every  year,  and  shall  continue  not  less  than  four,  nor  more  than  six  months, 
as  may  be  regulated  by  the  ordinances  of  the  college,  within  which  period  all 
the  lectures  to  be  delivered  in  the  said  college  shall  be  given,  except  the 
lectures  on  botany,  and  such  other  lectures  as  the  regents  shall  judge  will  be 
delivered  with  more  advantage  at  a  different  season. 

XII.  And,  for  animating  and  encouraging  the  students  of  said  college  to  a 
laudable  diligence,  industry  and  progress  in  medical  science.  Be  it  enacted. 
That  the  said  regents  and  their  successors,  shall,  by  a  written  mandate,  under 
their  privy  seal  and  the  hand  of  their  president  or  vice-president,  have  full 
power  and  authority  to  direct  the  medical  faculty  of  the  said  college  to  hold 
public  commencements,  either  on  stated  annual  days,  or  occasionally,  as  the 
future  ordinances  of  the  said  institution  may  direct,  and  at  the  said  commence- 
ments to  admit  any  of  the  students  of  the  said  college,  meriting  the  same 
(whose  names  shall  be  inserted  in  the  said  mandate),  to  the  office  and  profes- 
sion of  surgeon,  or  to  the  degree  of  bachelor  or  doctor  of  medicine  ;  and  it  is 
hereby  enacted,  that  the  president  or  vice-president  shall  make  out  and  sign, 
with  his  name,  diplomas  and  certificates  of  the  admission  to  such  offices  or 
degrees,  which  shall  be  sealed  with  the  public  or  greater  seal  of  the  college  or 
corporation,  and  delivered  to  the  graduates  as  honorable  and  perpetual  testi- 
monials of  such  admission ;  which  diploma  or  certificate,  if  thought  necessary 
for  doing  greater  honor  to  such  graduates,  shall  also  be  signed  by  the  names 
of  the  different  professors  or  lecturers,  or  as  many  of  them  as  can  conveniently 
sign  the  same  ;  provided  always,  that  no  student  or  students  within  the  said 
college  shall  be  admitted  to  any  such  offices  or  degrees,  or  have  their  names 
inserted  in  any  mandate  for  that  purpose,  until  such  students  shall  have  been 
first  duly  examined  and  thought  worthy  of  the  same,  at  a  public  examination 
of  candidates  to  be  held  previous  to  the  day  of  commencement  in  the  said 
college,  by  and  in  the  presence  of  the  regents  and  other  persons  choosing  to 
attend  the  same,  and  shall  also  have  undergone  such  previous  private  exami- 
nations, and  have  performed  such  exercises  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  future 
ordinances  of  the  college  ;  and  provided  further,  that  no  student  or  students 
in  the  said  college  shall  be  admitted  to  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine 
unless  he  or  they  shall  have  attended  lectures  in  the  said  college  during  two 
terms,  and  shall  during  that  period  have  attended  each  of  the  lectures  pre- 
scribed by  the  ordinances  for  at  least  one  term,  and  shall  also  have  written 
and  caused  to  be  printed,  a  thesis  or  theses  in  the  Latin  or  English  language, 
and  shall   publicly   defend  the  same  on  the  day  of  commencement;  but  the 


lO  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

regents  of  the  college  shall,  at  any  time,  have  power  to  consider  the  having 
attended  lectures  in  any  other  medical  seminary  of  established  reputation,  for 
an  equal  space  of  time,  as  equivalent  to  having  attended  one  of  the  terms 
above  prescribed. 

XIII.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  regents  shall,  at  any  time,  have  the  power 
of  conferring  the  honorary  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine  on  any  physician  who 
has  practised  physic  for  twenty  years  within  the  state  of  Maryland,  and  of 
conferring  the  honorary  degree  of  bachelor  of  medicine  on  any  one  who  has 
practised  physic  for  ten  years  within  the  same. 

XIV.  And  he  it  enacted,  That  every  licentiate  of  the  board  of  medical 
examiners  who  shall  have  practised  physic  for  five  years  within  this  state,  shall 
have  a  right  to  demand  and  receive,  from  the  college  aforesaid,  a  surgeon's 
certificate,  free  of  all  expense,  except  the  sum  of  one  dollar  to  the  register  or 
other  such  officer  of  the  college,  for  his  trouble  in  making  out  the  same. 

XV.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  right  of  the  said  college  to  confer  degrees 
shall  not  take  place  until  professors  shall  have  been  appointed,  and  one  course 
of  lectures  delivered  upon  the  several  branches  of  anatomy,  chemistry,  materia 
medica,  and  the  practice  of  physic;  provided  that  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be 
construed  to  prohibit  the  said  regents  from  conferring  at  any  time,  the 
honorary  degrees  before  mentioned,  or  from  admitting  at  any  time,  to  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  such  persons  as  may  be  appointed  professors  in 
the  college  on  their  performing  such  exercises  and  duties  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  their  ordinances. 

XVI.  A7id  be  it  enacted.  That  until  further  arrangements  be  made  by  the 
regents  of  the  said  college,  John  B.  Davidge,  M.  D.,  and  James  Cocke,  M.  D., 
shall  be  joint  professors  of  anatomy,  surgery  and  physiology,  George  Brown, 
M.  D.,  shall  be  professor  of  the  practice  and  theory  of  medicine,  John  Shaw, 
M.  D.,  shall  be  professor  of  chemistry,Thomas  E.  Bond,  M.  U.,  shall  be  professor 
of  materia  medica,  and  William  Donaldson,  M.  D.,  shall  be  professor  of  the 
institutes  of  medicine  ;  and  the  said  professors,  or  any  three  of  them,  shall 
appoint  the  time  and  place  of  the  first  meeting  of  the  regents  of  the  said 
college,  giving  one  week's  notice  of  it  in  two  newspapers  published  in  the  city 
of  Baltimore. 

XVII.  A7id  be  it  enacted.  That  all  students  who  matriculate  in  the  said 
college  previous  to  the  first  day  of  January,  and  attend  any  of  the  lectures 
therein  to  the  end  of  the  course,  shall  be  considered  as  having  completed  a 
term. 

XVIII.  A7id  be  it  enacted.  That  the  medical  and  chirurgical  faculty  in  the 
state  of  Maryland  shall  be  considered  as  the  patrons  and  visitors  of  the  said 
college,  and  their  president,  for  the  time  being,  shall  be  chancellor  of  the 
college  ;  and  the  medical  faculty  of  the  said  college  shall  give  into  the  said 
medical  and  chirurgical  faculty,  at  each  of  their  biennial  meetings,  a  report  of  the 
progress  of  learning  in  the  said  college,  and  of  such  other  particulars  as  they 
may  think  fit  to  communicate. 

XIX.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  in  case  at  anytime  hereafter  through  over- 
sight, or  otherwise  through  misapprehension,  and  mistaken  construction  of  the 


INTRODUCTORY.  II 

powers,  liberties  and  franchises,  in  this  charter  or  act  of  incorporation  granted, 
or  intended  to  be  granted,  any  ordinance  should  be  made  by  the  said  corpora- 
tion of  regents,  or  any  matter  done  and  transacted  by  the  corporation  contrary 
to  the  tenor  thereof,  all  such  ordinances,  acts  and  doings,  shall  of  themselves 
be  null  and  void,  yet  they  shall  not,  in  any  courts  of  law,  or  by  the  general 
assembly,  be  deemed,  taken,  interpreted  or  adjudged,  into  an  avoidance  or 
forfeiture  of  this  charter  and  act  of  incorporation,  but  the  same  shall  be  and 
remain  unhurt,  inviolate  and  entire,  unto  the  said  corporation  of  regents,  in 
perpetual  succession,  and  all  their  acts  conformable  to  the  powers,  true  intent 
and  meaning  hereof,  shall  be  and  remain  in  full  force  and  validity,  the  nullity 
and  avoidance  of  such  acts  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

XX.  Afid  be  it  enacted.  That  this  charter  and  act  of  incorporation,  and  every 
part  thereof,  shall  be  good  and  available  in  all  things  in  the  law,  according  to 
the  true  intent  and  meaning  thereof,  and  shall  be  construed,  reputed  and 
adjudged,  in  all  cases  most  favorably  on  the  behalf,  and  for  the  best  benefit 
and  behoof  of,  the  said  regents  and  their  successors,  so  as  most  effectually  to 
answer  the  valuable  ends  of  this  act  of  incorporation,  towards  the  general 
advancement  and  promotion  of  medical  knowledge.' 

In  perusing  this  interesting  document,  which  is  still  in  full  force, 
according  to  the  decision  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Maryland,  1839, 
the  most  remarkable  fact  which  strikes  us  is  the  close  connection 
between  the  College  and  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  the 
State.  The  Board  of  Examiners  of  the  latter,  twelve  in  number,  are 
to  constitute  a  part,  and  the  major  part,  of  the  governing  body  of  the 
College,  and  the  President  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
is  to  be  ex-officio  Chancellor  of  the  College.  Reports  of  the  College 
are  to  be  presented  to  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  at  its 

1  Laws  of  Maryland.  "  In  the  Act  of  corporation  of  this  college,  Shaw  is 
styled  M.  D.  This  is  a  mistake  and  an  explanation  may  afford  some  amuse- 
ment to  those  who  do  not  profess  implicit  veneration  towards  the  Solons  of 
our  country.  The  law  was  drafted  by  Dr.  Shaw,  and  he  added  the  letters 
M.  D.  to  the  names  of  those  gentlemen  who  were  entitled  to  that  distinction  by 
a  regular  diploma.  In  the  list  there  were  some  who,  like  Shaw,  were  only  licen- 
tiates and  their  names  were  inserted  without  any  addition.  But,  while  the 
clerk  of  Assembly  was  reading  the  preamble,  a  member,  who  happened  to 
recognize  a  friend  among  the  licentiates,  interrupted  him  to  observe,  that "  he  did 

not  know  why  Dr. should  not  as  well  be  an  M.  D.  as  Dr. ,  and  Dr. , 

etc.,"  and  therefore  proposed  to  insert  these  letters  after  his  name.  No  one 
could  explain  the  reason  and  all  the  licentiates  in  the  bill  thus  became  doctors 
of  medicine  by  Act  of  Assembly."  ('^ Poems  by  the  late  Dr.  John  Shaw,  to  which 
is  prefixed  a  Biographical  Sketch  of  the  Author.''''  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore, 
1810.)  Those  who  were  simple  licentiates  besides  Dr.  Shaw  were  Drs.  Bond 
and  Donaldson. 


12  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

biennial  meetings.  The  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  are  con- 
stituted patrons  and  visitors  of  the  College.  No  better  evidence 
could  be  adduced  of  the  harmonious  relations  then  existing  between 
the  two  institutions,  and  of  the  fostering  care  and  interest  with  which 
the  older  personally  superintended  the  birth  and  early  development 
of  the  younger.  Theoretically,  the  relations  assumed  by  the  two 
were  perfect.  Subsequent  events  will  show,  however,  that  these 
relations  were  not  permanent.  Before  many  years  this  identity  of 
interests  ceased,  and  whilst  the  State  Faculty  gradually  lost  its 
importance  and  authority,  the  College  received  large  accessions  of 
influence  and  privilege. 

We  may  here  pause  in  our  narrative  to  glance  briefly  at  the  con- 
dition of  Baltimore  at  this  period.  The  population  of  the  city  was 
about  33,000,  and  it  was  the  third  in  size  in  the  Union.  Its  growth 
between  1790  and  18 10  was  enormous,  in  proportion  far  exceeding 
that  of  both  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  From  1790  to  1800  its 
population  had  doubled,  from  1790  to  1810  it  nearly  trebled.  The 
increase  between  1800  and  1810  was  two  and  a  half  times  that  of 
Boston  and  four  times  that  of  Charleston,  and  during  this  period  it 
far  outstripped  those  cities,  both  of  which  had  exceeded  it  in  size  in 
1790.  It  was  nearly  half  the  size  of  Philadelphia  and  New  York. 
According  to  a  statement  in  the  New  York  Morning  Post,  in  181 1, 
the  advance  in  trade  was  equalled  by  that  of  New  York  alone. 
During  the  previous  twenty  years,  according  to  this  authority,  the 
tonnage  of  the  city  had  increased  from  13,000  to  104,000  tons,  the 
number  of  houses  from  1955  to  6611.  In  the  eight  years  from  1790 
to  1798  the  exports  had  risen  from  $2,000,000  to  $12,000,000.  Ac- 
cording to  another  authority  (the  Encyclopcedia  Americana),  from 
1790  to  1816  the  shipping  of  the  port  increased  nearly  800  per  cent. 
These  figures  show  a  phenomenal  development,  which  was  not 
equalled  by  any  of  our  Atlantic  seaboard  cities,  at  least.  They 
further  show  that  Baltimore  occupied,  at  this  time,  no  mean  rank 
among  American  cities,  and  was  justly  entitled  to  claim  an  equal 
right  with  them  to  become  one  of  the  great  centres  of  education. 

The  following  local  details  will  help  to  fill  in  the  picture :  The 
present  site  of  the  Washington  Monument  was  the  northern  limit  of 
the  city ;  here  was  the  residence  of  Col.  John  Eager  Howard,  the 
Revolutionary  hero,  situated  in  a  large  grove  extending  northward 
and  known  as  "  Howard's  Park."  The  western  limits  were  at  Greene 
and  Pearl  streets  and  the  southern  at  Barre  street.     That  part  of 


INTRODUCTORY.  I3 

the  city  bordering  on  the  Falls,  north  of  Fayette  street,  was  little 
better  than  a  marsh  and  was  known  as  "  The  Meadow."  It  was 
liable  to  constant  overflow  by  the  stream  during  rainy  weather,  and 
the  whole  lower  section  of  the  city  was  extremely  unhealthy;  mala- 
rial diseases  prevailed  in  their  most  aggravated  forms  and  yellow 
fever  was  almost  an  annual  visitant.  Many  of  the  streets  were 
narrow  and  crooked,  and  among  them  we  meet  with  such  strange- 
sounding  names  as  Conewago,  King  George,  King  Tammany, 
Lemmon,  New  Church,  French,  East,  Chatham,  Bernard,  Bank, 
Duke,  Pitt,  Dulaney,  St.  Paul's  Lane,  German  Lane,  Vulcan  Alley, 
etc.  The  Washington  and  Battle  monuments  had  not  yet  been 
thought  of,  and  the  foundation  of  the  Cathedral  had  just  been  laid. 
There  was  no  gas,  and  railroads  were  unknown. 

There  were  two  collegiate  institutions  in  the  city — Baltimore  Col- 
lege, developed  out  of  Mr.  James  Priestly's  Academy  in  1804,  and  St. 
Mary's  College,  founded  by  priests  of  the  Roman  Catholic  order  of  St. 
Sulpice,  who  fled  from  France  at  the  time  of  the  French  Revolution 
in  1791.  Though  raised  to  the  rank  of  a  university  by  act  of  the 
Legislature  in  1805,  the  latter  never  succeeded  in  assuming  univer- 
sity proportions,  and  only  the  theological  department  now  survives. 
There  was  one  public  library,  the  Baltimore  Library,  founded  in 
1796;  it  is  said  at  this  time  to  have  "contained  no  inconsiderable 
collection  of  books  upon  medical  science."  There  were  three  hos- 
pitals— the  Almshouse,  located  at  the  head  of  Howard  street  in  t^he 
neighborhood  of  Madison  ;  the  Marine  Hospital,  and  the  Baltimore 
or  Maryland  Hospital,  on  Broadway.  The  last  had  been  established 
in  1798  for  the  care  and  treatment  of  the  sick  and  insane.' 

There  were,  at  this  period,  four  other  medical  schools  in  the 
country,  viz.  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Harvard  University, 
Dartmouth  College,  and  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
New  York.  The  College  of  Medicine  of  Philadelphia — "  Collegium 
et  Academia  Philadelphiensis  "  was  its  exact  title,  according  to  the 
diploma  of  Dr.  John  Archer,  of  Maryland,  its  first  graduate^ — was 

'  In  1808  it  was  leased  by  Drs.  Smyth  and  Mackenzie,  by  whom  it  was  con- 
ducted for  many  years  as  a  general  hospital.  It  subsequently  reverted  to  the 
state,  and  became  (1838)  the  "  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane."  After  the 
war  it  was  moved  to  the  vicinity  of  Catonsville,  and  its  former  site  is  now 
occupied  by  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

^  This  was  the  first  medical  diploma  issued  in  America.  It  is  dated  June 
21,  1768.  It  is  now  in  the  library  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of 
Maryland. 


14  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

founded  in  1765  ;  in  1791  it  was  united  with  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, which  had  then  been  in  existence  about  two  years.  In 
1807-8  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  had  270-275  students,  and 
among  the  graduates  of  that  year  were  Samuel  Baker  and  Richard 
Wilmot  Hall,'  who  afterwards  became  professors  in  the  school  here. 
The  Medical  School  of  Harvard  University  was  founded  in  1782, 
that  of  Dartmouth  College  in  1798.^  The  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  New  York  was  organized  in  May,  1807.^ 

'  Baltimore  Medical  and  Physical  Recorder,  1808. 

^  Thacher's  American  Medical  Biography, 

3  As  indicating  the  condition  of  medical  education  then,  I  may  add  that,  of 
the  241  names  of  members  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland 
in  1807,  but  43  had  degrees  in  medicine,  of  which  37  were  M.  D.  and  6  M,  B. 


FIRST   PERIOD. 
COLLEGE  OF  MEDICINE,  1807-1812. 

tJPON  receiving  notification  of  the  passage  of  the  Medical  College 
i  Bill  by  the  Legislature,  the  Board  of  Regents  were  called  together 
by  public  notice  in  the  newspapers.  The  meeting  was  held  at  Dr. 
Davidge's  house,  at  noon,  on  the  28th  of  December,  1807,  and  forms 
an  epoch  in  the  career  of  the  University,  because  it  was  the  beginning 
of  its  existence  as  an  organized  institution.  The  only  record,  or 
even  knowledge,  that  we  possess  of  this  meeting  is  contained  in  the 
Federal  Gazette  of  December  30th,  and  is  as  follows :  "  At  a  meeting 
of  the  Regents  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  held  pur- 
suant to  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  for  founding  a  medical 
college  in  the  city  or  precincts  of  Baltimore,  passed  December  i8th, 
1807,  George  Brown,  M.  D.,  was  unanimously  elected  President, 
Solomon  Birckhead,  M.  D.,  was  unanimously  elected  Treasurer,  and 
James  Cocke,  M.  D.,  Secretary.  After  these  elections  were  made 
the  Board  entered  into  the  following  resolution : 

"  Resolved,  That  the  appointments  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
George  Brown,  M.  D.,  to  the  professorship  of  the  Practice  and 
Theory  of  Medicine;  of  John  B.  Davidge,  M.  D.,  and  of  James 
Cocke,  M.  D.,  to  the  joint  professorship  of  Anatomy,  Surgery  and 
Physiology ;  of  John  Shaw,  M.  D.,  to  the  professorship  of  Chem- 
istry ;  of  Thomas  E.  Bond,  M.  D.,  to  the  professorship  of  Materia 
Medica;  and  of  William  Donaldson,  M.  D.,  to  the  professorship  of 
the  Institutes  of  Medicine,  be  and  are  hereby  confirmed. 

"  Dr.  Brown  having  resigned,  Nathaniel  Potter,  M.  D.,  was  elected 
to  the  professorship  of  the  Practice  and  Theory  of  Medicine. 

"  The  Board  of  Regents  being  adjourned,  John  B.  Davidge,  M.  D., 
was  elected  Dean  by  the  Medical  Faculty  of  the  College  of  Medicine 
of  Maryland.    James  Cocke,  M.  D.,  Secretary. 

"  The  Professors  of  Anatomy  and  Chemistry  have  commenced 
their  lectures." 

Georgk  Brown  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1755,  received  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
from  Glasgow  University,  and  obtained  his  medical  degree  (M.  D.)  at  Edin- 


l6  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

burgh,  in  1779,  the  subject  of  his  graduation  thesis  being  '■'■  De  Cortice  Peru- 
via7to.'"  He  emigrated  to  Baltimore  in  1783.  The  prevalence  of  a  severe 
epidemic  in  the  town  at  that  time  favored  his  successful  entree  into  practice. 
He  took  part  in  the  formation  of  the  first  medical  society  organized  in  Balti-- 
more  (1788)  and  of  the  first  medical  school  projected  in  1790.  He  was  among 
the  first,  if  not  the  first  (Uavidge,  Physical  Sketches),  to  employ  mercury  in 
acute  inflam7}iations  (1790),  especially  pneumonia.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Baltimore  Library  in  1796  (the  first  public  library  in  Baltimore),  of  the 
Baltimore  College  in  1804,  and  of  the  College  of  Medicine  in  1807.  He  was 
President  of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  latter  from  1807  to  1812.  He  died 
August  24th,  1822,  aged  67  years.  He  attained  to  the  highest  social  and  pro- 
fessional rank,  and  in  almost  every  enterprise,  medical,  literary  or  educational, 
begun  during  his  residence  in  Baltimore,  he  was  a  prominent  actor.  (The 
author  has  been  aided  in  preparing  this  notice  by  Judge  George  William 
Brown,  grandson  of  the  subject  of  it.) 

Thus  modestly  and  unostentatiously  began  the  career  of  an  insti- 
tution, which,  for  eighty-odd  years,  has  never  ceased  to  fulfill  its 
sphere  of  usefulness,  and  which  has  trained  and  sent  forth  a  majority 
of  the  physicians  of  Maryland,  and  a  large  proportion  of  those  of 
other  states;  illy  provided,  it  is  true,  for  the  tempestuous  voyage 
before  it,  but  with  youth,  energy  and  skill  at  the  helm  to  guide  it  on 
to  more  prosperous  seas. 

The  course  of  instruction  during  the  first  session  of  the  College 
was  not  a  complete  one.  After  the  destruction  of  the  Anatomical 
Theatre  by  the  mob,  as  already  described,  practical  anatomy  was 
abandoned  for  a  time.  The  lectures  were  delivered  at  the  houses  of 
Professors  Davidge,  Cocke  and  Shaw,  but  some  clinical  lectures 
were  given  at  the  Almshouse.  The  class  numbered  but  seven,  and 
there  were  no  graduates.  Professor  Potter  did  not  commence  his 
course  until  the  second  session  (December,  1808).  Dr.  Bond  was 
early  compelled  by  ill  health  to  resign  his  chair  and  retire  to  his 
country  seat  in  Harford  County.  Dr.  Donaldson  and  Dr.  Brown 
(as  appears  to  have  been  anticipated)  declined  their  appointments, 
but  not  from  any  want  of  interest  in  the  institution.  They  seem  only 
to  have  joined  in  the  undertaking  in  order  to  give  it  the  advantage 
of  their  influence  and  aid  and  get  it  under  way,  and  not  from  any 
desire  for  professorial  honors,  for  which  they  had  no  aspirations. 
Dr.  Brown  continued  to  co-operate  with  the  Faculty  as  President  of 
the  Board  of  Regents,  an  office  which  he  held  from  1807  to  1812, 
when  he  voluntarily  resigned  it.  The  vacancies  in  the  chairs  of 
Materia  Medica  and  Institutes  were  not  immediately  filled.     Some 


J 


NATHANIEL  POTTER,  M.  o. 
Professor  of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine. 


LIBRARY 


r. 


^S'Uh,  ^  w*--^t^ 


FIRST  PERIOD.  I7 

time  earty  in  1808  the  Faculty  secured  a  building  on  the  southwest 
corner  of  Fayette  street  (then  known  as  "  Chatham  "  street)  and 
McClellan's  Alley,  which  had  formerly  been  used  as  a  schoolhouse, 
but  had  been  tenantless  for  several  years  and  was  now  dilapidated 
and  afforded  but  partial  protection  from  the  weather.  In  the  absence 
of  anything  better,  this  structure,  repaired  as  well  as  possible,  served 
for  college  purposes  until  the  winter  of  1812-13.  Professor  Shaw 
here  entered  zealously  upon  his  work  and  soon  had  a  very  respect- 
able laboratory,  which  he  utilized  to  the  best  advantage.  But  alas  ! 
he  was  cut  down  almost  at  the  very  beginning  of  what  promised  to 
be  a  most  brilliant  career.  In  the  course  of  some  experiments  which 
he  made  early  in  1808,  and  which  occupied  an  entire  night,  it  became 
necessary  for  him  to  immerse  his  arms  frequently  in  cold  water. 
This  exposure  resulted  in  a  pleurisy,  which  developed  rapidly  into 
pulmonary  consumption.  By  the  end  of  the  year  his  fast-failing 
health  compelled  him  to  abandon  his  duties  and  try  the  virtues  of  a 
change  of  climate.  He  accordingly  sailed  for  Charleston  and  there 
re-embarked,  designing  to  go  to  the  Bahamas.  He  died  at  sea 
before  reaching  his  destination,  a  martyr  to  his  zeal  in  the  service  of 
the  College.  Professor  Cocke  was  also  laid  up  for  several  weeks 
during  the  first  winter  with  pleurisy.' 

John  Shaw  was  born  in  Annapolis,  May  4th,  X778.  He  entered  St.  John's 
College,  in  that  city,  on  its  establishment  in  1789,  and  received  from  it  the 
degree  of  A.  B.,  in  October,  1796.  During  this  period  Francis  Scott  Key  was 
his  intimate  friend  and  companion.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine  under 
Dr.  Shaaf,  of  Annapolis,  a  graduate  of  Edinburgh  University.  In  1798,  while 
attending  his  first  course  of  lectures  in  Philadelphia,  he  received  a  medical 
appointment  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  and  sailed  for  Algiers.  He  spent  about  a 
year  and  a  half  in  North  Africa,  in  a  position  partly  medical  and  partly  con- 
sular. While  there  he  learned  to  speak  Arabic  and  became  the  physician  of 
the  Bey  of  Tunis,  Secretary  of  Legation  and  Charge  d'Affaires.  He  returned 
home  in  the  spring  of  1800,  but  in  July,  1801,  again  set  forth  to  continue  his 
medical  studies  in  Edinburgh,  Early  in  1803,  before  he  had  obtained  his 
degree,  he  was  induced  to  go  to  Canada,  by  the  Earl  of  Selkirk,  who  had 
founded  a  colony  there.  He  remained  in  the  Earl's  service  until  1805,  when 
he  again  returned  to  Annapolis,  and  entered  upon  practice  as  the  partner  of 
his  preceptor.  In  February,  1807,  he  married  and  moved  to  Baltimore,  where 
he  assisted  in  founding  the  College  of  Medicine,  in  the  manner  already 
described.  His  death  occurred  at  sea,  January  loth,  1809,  at  the  age  of  30, 
while  on  his  way  from  Charleston  to  the  Bahamas,  in  search  of  health.  He 
published  a  number  of  poems  and  left  a  manuscript  of  his  travels  in  Africa. 

»  Potter's  Sketch. 


l8  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  MARYLAND. 

The  former  were  collected  and  republished  in  a  volume  in  1810  :  a  biograph- 
ical memoir  precedes  them.  His  prose  style  is  sprightly  and  entertaining  ; 
his  poetry,  which  is  chiefly  sentimental  and  patriotic,  and  ambitious  neither 
in  subject  nor  length,  is  sweet  and  graceful. 

Thomas  Emerson  Bond  was  born  in  Baltimore,  in  February,  1782,  and 
practiced  in  this  city  for  many  years.  He  held  a  professorship  in  the  Wash- 
ington Medical  College,  and  was  a  member  of  the  City  Council  and  President 
of  the  Board  of  Health.  He  was  a  local  preacher  of  the  M.  E.  Church  and 
edited  "The  Itinerant,"  and  later,  for  twelve  years,  "  The  Christian  Advocate 
and  Journal,"  of  New  York,  the  leading  ofBcial  organ  of  his  denomination. 
By  his  ability  and  zeal  in  the  cause  of  Methodism  he  earned  the  title  of 
"  Defender  of  the  Church."  He  held  an  honorary  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the 
University  (conferred  in  1819)  and  he  was  also  a  D.  D.  He  died  in  New  York 
City,  March  14th,  1856,  aged  74.     (Drake  and  others.) 

William  Donaldson  was  born  in  Calvert  Co.,  Md.,  in  1778.  He  graduated 
(B.  A.)  at  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  in  1798,  and  attended  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1802—3.  About  the  time  of  the  establishment  of 
the  medical  college  he  suffered  from  an  affection  of  the  chest,  from  which  he 
got  relief  after  visiting  the  West  Indies.  He  married  Miss  Catherine  Weather- 
burn,  of  Baltimore,  in  1815.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine  from  the  University  of  Maryland,  in  1818.  He  died  January  i6th, 
■1835,  at  the  age  of  57.  He  was  associated  in  practice  with  Dr.  Miles  Little- 
john  and  later  with  Dr.  Richard  S.  Steuart,  both  physicians  of  eminence.  He 
was  one  of  the  leading  men  in  the  profession  and  was  said  to  possess  great 
skill  in  physical  diagnosis.  He  wrote  only  two  short  articles,  on  "Ascites  " 
and  "Epidemics."  (See  memoir  by  Professor  William  N.  Baker,  Ma)-yland 
Med.,  afui  Surg.  Journal,  1840.) 

During  ,tke  second  session  (1808-9)  the  number  of  the  class 
increased  to  ten.  The  expenses  were  borne  equally  by  the  members 
of  the  Faculty.  The  Professors  of  Institutes  and  Practice  lectured  in 
a  ballroom  on  Commerce  St.,  the  use  of  which  was  tendered  by  the 
proprietor,  from  12  to  2  o'clock  daily  during  the  session.  The 
vacancies  in  the  chairs  of  Chemistry  and  Materia  Medica  were  filled 
in  1809  by  the  appointments,  respectively,  of  Doctors  Elisha  DeButts 
and  Samuel  Baker.  No  successor  was  appointed  to  Dr.  Donaldson, 
the  duties  of  wiiose  chair  were  probably  performed  by  Professor 
Davidge.^     During  the  winter  of  1809-10  the  same  apartments  were 

'Much  importance  was  attached  to  the  teaching  of  the  "Institutes  "  by  both 
Professors  Davidge  and  Potter.  "They  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
science"  (of  medicine)  "could  not  be-  successfully  taught  under  the  usual 
organization  of  medical  schools  ;  that  without  the  aids  of  physiology  and 
pathology,  either  associated  with  anatomy  or  as  a  separate  chair  of  Institutes, 


FIRST  PERIOD.  I9 

occupied,  and  the  class  had  increased  to  18.  According  to  Professor 
Potter,  the  first  pubHc  commencement  was  held  in  April,  1810,  and 
degrees  were  then  conferred  on  five  graduates.' 

In  1812  the  Faculty  received  some  important  accessions  to  its 
number,  Dr.  William  Gibson,  who  had  recently  returned  from  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  being  elected  to  the  chair  of  Surgery,  and 
Dr.  Richard  Wilmot  Hall  being  made  Adjunct  Professor  of  Obstet- 
rics, to  which  was  added  the  next  year  Diseases  of  Women  and 
Children.  Professor  Davidge  now  devoted  his  attention  to  Obstet- 
rics and  Institutes,  while  Professor  Cocke  continued  in  charge  of  the 
department  of  Anatomy. 

The  want  of  a  suitable  building  for  the  purposes  of  the  College 
had  been  painfully  felt  from  the  first,  and  the  ways  and  means  for 
securing  it  had  been  frequently  and  anxiously  discussed.  There  was 
no  available  structure  in  the  city  that  was  suited  for  use.  It  was 
necessary,  therefore,  to  build,  and  it  was  determined  that  the  con- 
templated building  should  be  one  that  would  be  a  credit  and  orna- 
ment to  the  city.  The  Faculty,  at  this  time,  was  composed  of  young 
men,  none  of  whom  were  wealthy.  How  should  the  means  neces- 
sary for  the  purpose,  therefore,  be  raised  ?  By  lottery,  was  the 
answer.  Lotteries  were  the  favorite  resort  in  almost  every  enter- 
prise of  the  day.  It  is  astonishing  to  how  many  and  varied  objects 
they  were  made  to  contribute.  Not  only  public,  but  private 
enterprises  also,  were  set  on  foot  through  their  agency.    Among  the 

the  philosophy  of  the  body,  in  sickness  or  in  health,  could  not  be  understood. 
This  formed  the  basis  of  our  scheme  and  the  ground  on  which  we  erected 
a  school." — Potter's  Sketch. 

^  Potter's  Sketch.  I  have  spent  much  time  vainly  seeking  in  the  newspapers 
for  some  reference  to  this  commencement.  The  statement  rests  upon  the 
authority  of  Professor  Potter  alone  ;  I  have  not  seen  even  an  allusion  to  it  by 
any  one  else.  Although  the  first  and  second  sessions  were  incomplete,  it  seems 
not  improbable  that  some  of  the  students  should  have  been  prepared  to  receive 
the  degree  at  the  close  of  the  third  session ;  and  it  would  appear  as  though  so 
important  an  event  as  this  must  have  been  impressed  with  indelible  distinct^ 
ness  upon  Professor  Potter's  memory.  But  the  Sketch  is  inaccurate  in  many 
other  particulars  as  important  as  this,  and  therefore,  in  view  of  the  absence 
of  any  confirmatory  evidence  and  the  fact  that  the  number  of  graduates  in  the 
years  1812  and  1813  corresponds  exactly  with  that  given  by  him  for  iSio  and 
181 1,  there  is  some  justification  for  a  doubt,  at  least,  as  to  the  truth  of  his 
statement.  The  earliest  mention  of  a  commencement,  to  be  found  outside  of 
the  Sketch,  is  in  the  "American,"  of  May  7th,  1812,  and  the  names  of  five 
graduates  are  there  given. 


20  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

former  were  the  erection  of  monuments,  the  building  of  market- 
houses,  engine-houses,  academies,  public  halls  and  bridges,  the 
erection,  repair  and  enlargement  of  hospitals,  the  construction  of 
wharves  and  pumps,  the  purchase  of  fire-engines,  alarm-bells  and 
town-clocks,  the  cutting  and  opening  of  roads  and  canals,  the  straight- 
ening and  paving  of  streets,  the  improvement  of  the  navigation  of 
rivers,  and  the  preservation  and  distribution  of  vaccine  virus  ;  among 
the  latter  were  the  building  of  colleges.  Masonic  halls  and  preachers' 
houses,  the  erection,  rebuilding  and  repair  of  churches  and  the 
finishing  of  steeples.  These  lotteries  abound  in  the  legislative 
enactments  of  the  state,  from  the  beginning  of  the  century  on  to 
near  its  middle.  They  were  a  source  of  large  revenue  to  the  state 
and  were  very  popular — to  legislators,  because  they  suppHed  the 
means  of  government  without  the  necessity  of  direct  taxation ; 
to  the  people,  because  they  enabled  them  to  raise  money  for  their 
various  enterprises,  without  forced  contributions  and  with  the  incen- 
tive of  a  possible  fortune.  They  were  actually  only  to  be  regarded 
as  "  dispensations  from  penalties  under  the  prohibitory  lottery  law."  ^ 
The  first  act  authorizing  the  drawing  of  a  lottery  for  the  benefit  of 
the  College  was  passed  by  the  Legislature,  January  20th,  1808.  It 
names  Col.  John  Eager  Howard,  James  McHenry,  James  Calhoun, 
Charles  Ridgely,  of  Hampton,  Wm.  Gwynn,  John  Comegys,  Charles 
A.  Warfield,  John  Crawford,  Solomon-Birckhead,  John  B.  Davidge 
and  Ennals  Martin,  as  commissioners  to  prepare  a  scheme  for  raising 
a  sum  not  exceeding  $40,000.  They  were  required  to  give  bond  for 
$80,000,  to  pay  the  prizes  within  six  months  after  the  drawing  began 
and  to  pay  over  the  balance  after  deducting  expenses  to  the  Board 
of  Regents.  The  commission  made  but  little  progress  with  the  work 
entrusted  to  them,  and  at  the  next  session  a  supplement  was  passed 
authorizing  the  Regents  to  appoint  commissioners  in  place  of  those 
who  had  neglected  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  act.  Dr. 
Cocke  now  assumed  charge  and  finally  placed  the  enterprise  upon  a 
successful  financial  footing.  To  him,  according  to  Professor  Potter, 
was  chiefly  due  the  credit  of  raising  the  means  for  carrying  on  the 
work  of  the  College  and  for  erecting  the  University  building.'^     As 

1  Report  of  Joint  Committee  of  Legislature  on  Memorial  of  Regents  of 
University  of  Md.,  1839. 

2  Other  acts  relating  to  the  University  lottery  were  passed  during  the  sessions 
of  1811,  1813,  1816,  1819,  1820,  1826,  and  1827.  That  of  18 1 3  authorizes  the 
raising   of  $30,000,  "to  be   paid  to  the  members  of  the   Faculty  of   Physic 


FIRST   PERIOD.  21 

we  learn,  however,'  nothing  was  derived  from  these  efforts  until  after 
the  College  became  a  University,  and  the  expenses  were  meanwhile 
borne  by  the  members  of  the  Faculty,  who  made  themselves  person- 
ally responsible  for  the  debts  incurred.  Loans  from  banks  and 
individuals  were  effected,  and  we  find  acknowledgment  of  help  and 
encouragement  received  from  a  number  of  prominent  and  public- 
spirited  citizens,  and  especially  Col.  Howard,  Robert  Oliver,  Robert 
Gilmor,  and  John  and  David  Hoffman. 

The  purchase  of  the  lot  on  the  corner  of  Lombard  and  Greene 
streets,  at  "  a  merely  nominal  amount,"  from  Col.  Howard,  has  been 
already  referred  to  and  is  but  one  instance  of  the  liberality  of  that 
distinguished  gentleman.''  The  plan  for  the  erection  of  a  building 
upon  this  lot  was  entrusted  to  Mr.  R.  C.  Long,  an  eminent  archi- 
tect of  the  day,  to  whom  Baltimore  is  indebted  for  so  many  of  her 
handsomest  and  most  enduring  edifices.  Accordingly  he  drew  a 
plan  for  the  building,  which  was  erected  in  accordance  therewith  and 
which  still  serves  for  the  uses  of  the  College,  and  in  its  massive 
structure  seems  destined  to  endure  for  centuries.  It  was  built,  like 
most  of  the  public  buildings  of  the  day,  in  imitation  of  a  classic 
model — the  Pantheon,  at  Rome.^    At  the  time  of  its  erection  it  was, 

therein,  and  to  be  applied  to  the  payment  of  balance  due  on  their  lot  and 
edifice,  to  the  purchase  and  support  of  a  botanic  garden,  a  library  and  other 
necessary  apparatus."  By  an  act  of  1816  the  amount  was  raised  to  $100,000. 
The  state  was  paid  taxes  on  all  the  drawings.  In  time  it  was  found  that  the 
scheme  for  raising  revenues  by  lotteries  was  interfered  with  by  the  privileges 
granted  the  University  and  the  Legislature  determined  to  put  an  end  to  the 
latter.  Accordingly,  the  act  of  1S27,  ch.  198,  was  passed,  which  provides  that 
the  balance  of  the  privilege  remaining  to  be  realized  ($40,946)  should  be  paid 
to  the  University  from  the  state  treasury  by  annual  installments  of  $5000 
instead  of  by  successive  lottery  drawings.  (Report  of  Joint  Committee  of 
Legislature,  1839.) 

^  Idem. 

2  The  contract  with  Col.  Howard  was  signed  by  several  of  the  Professors  of 
the  College,  who  made  themselves  individually  responsible  for  the  amount  of 
the  purchase  money,  and  the  deed  for  the  lot  was  recorded  "as  a  deed  to  them 
in  trust  for  the  Regents  of  the  University,  whenever  they  should  be  reim- 
bursed "  (J/.  .S".  Reco7'ds,  Statement  of  Professor  Hall).  The  amount  asked 
was  $10,000.  No  security  was  demanded,  and  there  was  no  limitation  as  to 
time  of  payment  [^Opinion  of  Counsel,  May  21st,  1826,  and  Potter's  Sketch). 
Col.  Howard  contributed  $1000  of  the  purchase  money,  and  the  balance  (amount- 
ing with  interest  to  about  $ii,oco)  was  paid  to  him  in  full. 

"  The  Pantheon  was  a  magnificent  temple,  built  by  Agrippa,  son-in-law  of 
Augustus,  and  dedicated  by  him  to  Jupiter  the  Avenger.     It  has  been  con- 


22  THE   UNIVERSITY  OF   MARYLAND. 

without  doubt,  the  finest  structure  devoted  to  medical  education  in 
the  New  World.  It  may  well,  therefore,  have  excited  the  pride  and 
admiration  of  the  Faculty  and  citizens,  and  given  rise  to  the  glowing 
but  somewhat  exaggerated  descriptions  found  in  matter-of-fact  old 
Niles'  Register.  It  was  one  of  the  conspicuous  objects  of  the  city 
and  stood  almost  alone,  at  the  extreme  "  western  precincts." 

"  The  splendid  edifice  which  constitutes  the  Medical  College,  as 
the  centre  from  which  the  other  departments  are  to  diverge,  stands 
on  Lombard  street  extended,  in  the  western  end  of  the  city.  It  is  con- 
structed on  the  plan  of  the  (old)  Pantheon  at  Rome.  The  front  faces 
on  the  Washington  road,  commanding  an  extensive  prospect  down 
the  Patapsco  and  Chesapeake.  The  grandeur  of  the  exterior  of  the 
building  does  not  excell  the  internal  convenience  of  the  apartments. 
The  anatomical  theatre  with  its  necessary  appendages  is  as  exten- 
sive and  appropriate  as  those  of  any  of  the  European  schools.  The 
lecturing  room  alone  is  capable  of  containing  twelve  hundred  per- 
sons with  convenience.  The  chemical  hall,  immediately  below,  is 
but  little  inferior  ;  it  will  accommodate  about  a  thousand,  a  part  of 
its  area  being  taken  off  by  the  laboratory  and  necessary  apparatus. 
The  apparatus  is  complete,  accommodated  to  the  taste  and  views  of 
the  learned  professor." ' 

The  building  was  begun  May  7, 1812,  and  according  to  the  expect- 
ation of  the  Faculty,  it  was  to  be  ready  for  occupancy  at  the  opening 
of  the  ensuing  .session.  Although  this  anticipation  was  not  realized, 
it  was  so  far  completed  as  to  be  partially  tenantable  during  that 
session,  and  some  of  the  lectures  were  delivered  in  it.^ 

verted  into  a  church — the  Tempio  di  San  Maria  Rotonda.  It  is  of  a  round  or 
cylindrical  form,  capped  by  a  spherical  dome,  and  is  144  feet  in  diameter. 

'"Viator,"  Niles'  Weekly  Register,  Sept,  15th,  1815. 

^According  to  Professor  VoW^x  {Sketch^,  \.\\&  corner-stone  was  laid,  "  with 
ceremonies,"  by  Colonel  John  Eager  Howard,  April  7th,  1811.  This  is  probably 
a  mistake,  and  the  date  is  more  likely  May  7,  1812.  Official  publications  of 
the  Faculty  in  1812  say  the  building  was  "begun  "  May  7,  1812.  There  is  no 
allusion  in  the  newspapers  to  a7iy  corner-stone  laying  either  in  1811  or  1812, 
nor  have  I  seen  any  allusion  to  it  except  Prof.  Potter's.  This  is  remarkable, 
as  there  must  have  been  some  ceremony  on  so  important  an  occasion  as  this. 
The  only  explanation  I  can  give  for  this  omission  is  the  almost  utter  indiffer- 
ence to  local  matters  which  characterizes  the  press  of  the  period,  and  which  is 
exceedingly  provoking  to  those  who  seek  for  information  through  that  channel. 
Whilst  the  columns  are  filled  with  politics,  congressional  proceedings,  Euro- 
pean affairs,  and  advertisements,  the  events  that  make  up  the  daily  life  of  the 
city  and  its  inhabitants  are  either  not  mentioned  at  all  or  else  referred  to  in 
the  briefest  manner. 


FIRST  PERIOD.  23 

R.  Gary  Long  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1772.  His  father  dying,  he  early 
left  home  and  came  to  Baltimore,  where  he  apprenticed  himself  to  a  carpenter. 
He  here  rose  to  the  highest  distinction  as  an  architect.  To  him  our  city  owes 
the  introduction  of  gas,  being  second  only  to  London  in  the  utilization  of 
this  method  of  illumination.  He  aided  also  in  its  introduction  into  Boston  and 
Philadelphia.  Among  the  buildings  erected  under  his  supervision  were  the 
University  of  Maryland,  the  second  St.  Paul's  Church,  destroyed  in  1854,  the 
Holliday  Street  Theatre,  destroyed  by  fire  in  1873,  t^e  old  City  Hall,  old  St. 
Peter's  Church  on  S.  Sharp  street,  Baltimore  Library,  Mechanics',  Patapsco, 
and  Union  banks,  Patapsco  Institute,  the  Court  House,  the  old  Jail,  and 
numerous  private  residences.  The  McKim  schoolhouse,  corner  Baltimore 
and  Aisquith  streets,  which  is  considered  a  gem  of  classic  architecture,  was 
designed  either  by  him  or  his  son.  His  latter  years  were  given  mostly  to  civil 
engineering,  and  the  laying  out  of  Canton,  a  suburb  of  Baltimore,  was  his  last 
work.  He  died  in  1835,  at  the  age  of  6^,  beloved  and  honored  by  all,  and  his 
remains  were  interred  in  St.  Paul's  graveyard.  He  left  a  son  of  the  same 
name,  who  was  also  a  distinguished  architect.  (See  notice  of  him  by  his  grand- 
son in  the  Anier,  Architect  and  Buildivg  News,  June  24,  1876.) 

The  idea  of  engrafting  a  University  upon  the  Medical  College 
seems  to  have  been  first  conceived  about  the  time  the  building  was 
commenced,  but  we  are  not  informed  who  suggested  it.  This  was 
not  the  first  time  that  the  thought  of  such  an  institution  had  been 
entertained.  As  far  back  as  1784  a  "state  university"  had  been 
actually  "  created  "  by  act  of  the  Legislature.  It  was  then  enacted 
that  Washington  College,  at  Chestertown,  in  Kent  County,  on  the 
Eastern  Shore,  an  institution  incorporated  in  1782,  and  St.  John's 
College,  at  Annapolis,  chartered  in  1784,  should  be  united  into  "  one 
University,  by  the  name  of  the  University  of  Maryland."  '  Of  this 
foundation  the  Governor  was  made  Chancellor,  and  one  of  the  prin- 
cipals of  the  colleges  was  to  be  Vice-Chancellor,  and  there  was  a 
representative  board  or  "  convocation"  composed  of  members  of  the 
colleges.  Very  liberal  endowments  were  granted  by  the  state, 
Washington  College  receiving  ;^i25o  and  St.  John's  ^1750  annually, 
the  proceeds  of  marriage  and  other  licenses,  fines,  penalties  and 
forfeitures.  "  The  connection  between  the  two  shores,"  thus  secured, 
"  would,"  it  was  thought,  "  be  greatly  increased  by  uniformity  of 
manners,  and  joint  efforts  for  the  advancement  of  literature,  under 
one  supreme  legislative  and  visitorial  jurisdiction."  The  failure  of 
such  a  cumbrous  organization  might  easily  have  been  foreseen.     In 

^  General  John  Cadwalader  (who  moved  from  Philadelphia  to  Maryland 
after  the  Revolution  ;  natus  1742,  obiit  1786)  was  the  author  of  this  bill.  The 
original  of  St.  John's  College  was  King  William's  School,  opened  in  1701. 


24  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  MARYLAND. 

1799,  the  appropriation  of  Washington  College  was  reduced  to  ^750, 
and  on  June  i,  1806,  the  funds  were  entirely  withdrawn  from  both 
institutions,  and  the  act  constituting  them  into  a  university  was 
repealed.  This  is  not  the  only  instance  in  which  the  state  has 
withdrawn  its  support  from  literary  institutions  which  it  has  created 
or  fostered,  and  unfortunate  is  that  college  which  has  to  depend  for 
maintenance  upon  the  uncertain  tenure  of  state  aid.  St.  John's 
afterwards  again  became  the  beneficiary  of  the  state,  and  was  again, 
with  singular  inconsistency,  abandoned.  At  the  present  time  it 
seems  to  be  flourishing,  in  a  measure,  with  a  small  annual  state 
appropriation  and  a  scholarship  from  each  of  the  twenty-four  sena- 
torial districts  into  which  the  state  is  divided.  It  is  still  without  any 
permanent  endowment.  The  collapse  of  the  bilittoral  university  left 
the  field  open  for  newcomers. 

The  memorial  for  the  passage  of  the  act  founding  the  University 
of  Maryland  was  presented  to  the  Legislature  by  the  president  and 
professors  of  the  Medical  College,  with  the  approval  and  advice  of 
the  Board  of  Regents,  and  was  passed  December  29th,  18 12.  I  give 
this  important  bill  in  full : 

An  Act  for  founding  an  University  in  the  city  or  precincts  of 
Baltimore,  by  the  name  of  the  University  of  Maryland. 

Whereas,  public  institutions  for  the  promotion  and  diffusion  of  scientific 
and  literary  knowledge,  under  salutary  regulations,  cannot  fail  to  produce  the 
most  beneficial  results  to  the  State  at  large,  by  instilling  into  the  minds  and 
hearts  of  the  citizens  the  principles  of  science  and  good  morals  ;  and 

Whereas  it  appears  to  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland  that  this  desir- 
able end  would  be  much  advanced  by  the  establishment  of  an  university  in  the 
city  or  precincts  of  Baltimore  ;  therefore 

I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,  That  the  college  for 
the  promotion  of  medical  knowledge,  by  the  name  of  The  College  of  Medicine 
of  Maryland,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  authorized  to  constitute,  appoint  and 
annex  to  itself  the  other  three  colleges  or  faculties,  viz  :  The  Faculty  of 
Divinity,  The  Faculty  of  Law  and  The  Faculty  of  the  Arts  and  Sciences ;  and 
that  the  four  faculties  or  colleges,  thus  united,  shall  be,  and  they  are  hereby, 
constituted  an  University,  by  the  name  and  under  the  title  of  The  University 
of  Maryland. 

II.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  said  University  shall  be  founded  and  main- 
tained forever  upon  the  most  liberal  plan,  for  the  benefit  of  students  of  every 
country  and  every  religious  denomination,  who  shall  be  freely  admitted  to 
equal  privileges  and  advantages  of  education,  and  to  all  the  honors  of  the 
University,  according  to  their  merit,  without  requiring  or  enforcing  any  relig- 
ious or  civil  test,  urging  their  attendance  upon  any  particular  plan  of  religious 


ELISHA  DeBUTTS,  M.  D. 
Professor  of  Chejiiistry  and  Mineral 


.^^^5^'^  ^^'iu^rs; 


%^ 


LIBRARY 

^jy  of  fA'Atf^ 


FIRST   PERIOD.  2$ 

worship  or  service,  nor  shall  any  preference  be  given  in  the  choice  of  a 
Provost,  Professor,  Lecturer,  or  other  officer  of  the  said  University,  on  account 
of  his  particular  religious  professions,  but  regard  shall  be  solely  had  to  his 
moral  character  and  other  necessary  qualifications  to  fill  the  place  for  which 
he  shall  be  chosen. 

III.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  members  of  the  said  four  faculties,  together 
vyith  the  provost  of  said  University,  and  their  successors,  shall  be  and  are 
hereby  declared  to  be  one  corporation  and  body  politic,  to  have  continuance 
forever,  by  the  name  and  style  of  the  "  Regents  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land ";  and  by  that  name  shall  be,  and  are  hereby  made  able  and  capable  in 
law,  of  enjoying  to  themselves  and  their  successors,  in  fee,  or  for  any  lesser 
estate,  any  lands,  tenements,  hereditaments,  annuities,  provisions,  goods, 
chattels  and  effects,  of  what  kind,  nature  and  quality  whatsoever,  and  by  whom- 
soever given,  granted,  bargained,  sold,  aliened,  enfeoffed,  released,  confirmed 
or  devised,  and  the  same  to  grant,  demise,  alienate  or  dispose  of  in  such 
manner  as  they  shall  judge  most  promotive  of  the  interests  of  said  University. 

IV.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  said  regents  and  their  successors,  shall  be 
able  in  law  to  sue  and  be  sued,  plead  and  be  impleaded,  answer  and  be 
answered,  in  any  court  or  courts,  before  any  judge  or  judges,  justice  or  justices, 
within  the  State,  and  elsewhere,  in  all  and  all  manner  of  suits,  pleas,  cases  and 
demands,  of  whatever  kind,  nature  or  form  they  be,  and  to  do  all  and  every 
other  matter  and  thing  hereby  contemplated  to  be  done,  in  as  full  and  effectual 
a  manner  as  any  other  person  or  persons,  bodies  corporate  or  politic,  in  like 
cases  may  or  can  do, 

V.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  yearly  value  of  the  messuages,  houses,  lands, 
tenements,  rents,  annuities,  hereditaments  or  other  property,  real  or  personal, 
of  said  University  (exclusive  of  the  lot  and  buildings  occupied  by  the  said 
University),  shall  not  exceed  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  ;  and  all  gifts  or 
donations  to  the  said  University,  after  the  yearly  value  of  their  estates  shall 
amount  to  an  hundred  thousand  dollars  as  aforesaid,  and  all  bargains  and  pur- 
chases to  be  made  by  the  said  University,  which  may  increase  the  yearly  value 
of  said  estates  above  or  beyond  the  sum  aforesaid  shall  be  absolutely  void  and 
of  no  effect. 

VI.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  said  regents  and  their  successors  shall  have 
full  power  and  authority  to  have,  make  and  use  one  common  and  public  seal, 
and  likewise  one  privy  seal,  with  such  devices  and  inscriptions  as  they  shall 
think  proper,  and  to  ascertain,  fix  and  regulate  the  uses  of  both  seals,  by  their 
own  laws  ;  and  the  same  seals,  or  either  of  them,  to  change,  break,  alter  and 
renew  at  their  pleasure. 

VII.  A7id  be  it  enacted,  That  the  said  regents  shall  have  full  power  and 
authority  to  appoint  a  provost  of  the  said  University,  who  shall  preside  at  their 
meetings,  and  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  by  the  said  regents  be 
assigned  to  him,  and  in  his  absence  to  appoint  a  vice-provost,  who  shall 
always  be  one  of  their  own  body. 

VIII.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  mode  of  constituting  and  appointing  the 
professors  and  lecturers  of  the  different  branches  of  physic,  divinity,  law  and 


26  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND, 

the  arts  and  sciences,  shall  be  as  follows  :  Each  of  the  faculties  shall  possess 
the  power  of  appointing  its  own  professors  and  lecturers  ;  and  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  said  professor  and  lecturer  of  the  different  branches  aforesaid,  to 
instruct  the  students  of  the  said  University  by  delivering  regular  lectures  on 
their  respective  branches. 

IX.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  each  faculty  shall  be  capable  of  choosing  its  own 
dean,  and  of  exercising  such  powers  and  authorities  as  the  regents  of  said 
University  and  their  successors  shall  by  their  ordinances  delegate  to  them, 
for  the  instruction,  discipline  and  government  of  the  said  institution,  and  of 
all  students,  officers  and  servants  belonging  to  the  same  :  Provided,  That 
nothing  be  done  in  virtue  of  this  contrary  to  the  constitution  of  this  State  or  to 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States. 

X.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  professors  now  appointed  and  authorized  in 
the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  and  their  successors,  shall  constitute  the 
Faculty  of  Physic  ;  that  the  professor  of  theology,  together  with  six  ordained 
ministers  of  any  religious  society  or  denomination,  and  their  successors,  shall 
form  and  constitute  the  Faculty  of  Divinity ;  that  the  professor  of  law, 
together  with  six  qualified  members  of  the  bar,  and  their  successors,  shall 
form  and  constitute  the  Faculty  of  Law ;  and  that  the  professors  of  the  arts 
and  sciences,  together  with  three  of  the  principals  of  any  three  academies  or 
colleges  of  this  State,  and  their  successors,  shall  form  and  constitute  the  Fac- 
ulty of  the  Arts  and  Sciences. 

XI.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  said  regents  and  their  successors,  shall  meet 
at  least  once  a  year,  in  stated  annual  meetings,  to  be  appointed  by  their  own 
ordinances,  and  at  such  other  times  as  by  their  ordinances  they  may  direct,  in 
order  to  examine  into  all  matters  touching  the  discipline  of  the  institution,  and 
the  good  and  wholesome  execution  of  their  laws  ;  and  that  the  said  regents, 
when  duly  assembled,  shall  have  full  power  and  authority  to  make  their  own 
rules  of  proceeding,  and  to  make  fundamental  regulations  for  the  government 
and  discipline  of  the  University,  in  all  which  meetings  a  majority  of  the  whole 
number  of  regents  shall  be  a  quorum  to  do  any  business,  except  to  vacate  the 
seat  of  the  provost  of  said  University  or  of  any  of  the  professors  or  lecturers, 
for  which  purpose  the  consent  of  three-fourths  of  the  whole  number  of  the 
regents  shall  be  necessary,  and  then  only  on  a  formal  impeachment. 

XII.  And  be  it  eiiacted,  That  the  faculty  of  physic  of  the  said  University 
shall  hold  one  term  in  each  and  every  year,  which  shall  commence  on  the  third 
Monday  in  October  in  each  year  and  shall  continue  not  less  than  four  nor 
more  than  six  months,  as  may  be  regulated  by  the  ordinances  of  the  Univer- 
sity, within  which  period  all  the  lectures  to  be  delivered  by  said  faculty  shall 
be  given,  except  the  lectures  on  botany,  and  such  other  lectures  as  the  regents 
shall  deem  most  proper  to  be  delivered  at  a  different  season. 

XIII.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  in  order  to  animate  and  encourage  the  students 
of  the  said  University  to  a  laudable  diligence,  industry  and  progress  in  the 
professions  and  sciences  taught  therein,  the  said  regents  and  their  successors, 
shall,  by  a  written  mandate,  under  their  privy  seal,  and  the  hand  of  their 
provost,  have  full  power  and  authority  to  direct  the  different  faculties  to  hold 


FIRST   PERIOD.  27 

public  commencements,  either  on  stated  annual  days  or  occasionally,  as  the 
future  ordinances  of  the  said  institution  may  direct;  and  at  the  said  com- 
mencements to  admit  any  of  the  students  of  the  said  University,  meriting  the 
same,  whose  names  shall  be  severally  inserted  in  the  said  mandate,  to  the 
office  and  profession  of  surgeon,  or  to  the  degree  of  bachelor  or  doctor  of 
physic,  or  doctor  of  divinity,  or  doctor  of  laws,  and  bachelor  or  master  of  arts  ; 
and  further,  the  said  provost  shall  have  made  out  and  sign  with  his  own  hand, 
diplomas  and  certificates  of  the  admission  to  such  offices  or  degrees  ;  which 
diplomas  and  certificates  shall  be  sealed  with  the  common  or  public  seal  of 
the  University,  and  delivered  to  the  graduates  as  honorable  and  perpetual 
testimonials  of  such  admission;  which  diplomas  or  certificates  in  order  to 
confer  still  greater  honor  on  such  graduates,  shall  also  be  signed  by  as  many 
of  the  different  professors  and  lecturers  as  can  conveniently  sign  their  names 
thereon. 

XIV.  A7id he  it  enacted,  That  no  student  or  students  within  the  said  Uni- 
versity shall  be  admitted  to  any  of  the  aforesaid  offices  or  degrees,  or  have 
their  name  or  names  inserted  in  any  mandate  for  that  purpose  until  such 
student  or  students  shall  have  been  first  duly  examined  and  thought  worthy  of 
the  same,  at  a  public  examination  of  candidates,  to  be  held  in  the  said  Uni- 
versity, on  the  day  of  commencement,  by  and  in  the  presence  of  the  regents, 
and  such  other  persons  as  may  attend  the  same  ;  and  also  until  such  student 
or  students  shall  have  had  such  previous  private  examinations,  and  have  per- 
formed such  exercises  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  future  ordinances  of  the 
said  University. 

XV.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  no  student  or  students  in  the  said  University, 
shall  be  admitted  to  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  physic,  except  he  or  they  shall 
have  attended  medical  lectures  in  the  said  University  during  one  term  ;  or  to  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  physic,  or  doctor  of  divinity,  or  doctor  of  laws,  except  he  or 
they  shall  have  attended  the  lectures  on  the  respective  subjects  during  two 
terms,  and  shall  during  that  period  have  attended  each  of  the  lectures  pre- 
scribed by  the  ordinances,  at  least  one  term,  and  shall  also  have  written  and 
caused  to  be  printed,  a  Thesis  or  Theses,  in  the  Latin  or  English  languages, 
and  shall  publicly  defend  the  same  on  the  day  of  commencement;  but  the 
regents  of  said  University  may  consider  the  attendance  of  such  candidate  or 
candidates  for  offices  or  degrees  on  lectures  in  any  other  University  of  estab- 
lished reputation,  for  the  space  of  one  or  more  terms,  as  equivalent  to  an 
attendance  for  one  of  the  above  prescribed  terms ;  and  no  student  or  students 
shall  be  admitted  to  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  arts,  until  he  or  they  shall  have 
attended  lectures  in- said  University  for  two  years,  or  to  the  degree  of  master 
of  arts,  until  he  or  they  shall  have  attended  the  same  for  three  years  ;  but  the 
said  regents  may  consider  the  attendance  during  one  or  more  years  in  any 
other  respectable  institution  as  equivalent  to  one  year's  attendance  in  said 
University. 

XVI.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  regents  shall  have  full  power  to  confer  the 
honorary  degrees  of  doctor  of  divinity,  doctor  of  physic,  doctor  of  laws  and 
master  of  arts,  on  any  person  recommended  by  the  faculty  w'hose  degree  is 
contemplated  to  be  conferred. 


28  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

XVII.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  all  students  who  matriculate  in  the  said  Uni- 
versity, previous  to  the  first  day  of  December,  in  each  year,  and  attend  any 
three  courses  of  lectures  therein,  to  the  end  of  the  course,  shall  be  considered 
as  having  completed  a  term. 

XVIII.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  beneficial  exception  in  favor  of  all 
property  real  and  personal,  owned  by  colleges,  contained  in  the  first  section  of 
the  Act  of  Assembly,  passed  at  November  session  eighteen  hundred  and  three, 
chapter  ninety-two,  entitled,  "An  Act  for  the  valuation  of  real  and  personal 
property  within  this  state,"  or  which  may  be  contained  in  any  future  act,  be, 
and  the  same  is  hereby  extended  to  all  the  property  real  and  personal  belong- 
ing to,  or  hereafter  to  be  owned  by  the  said  University. 

XIX.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  in  case  at  any  time  hereafter  through  oversight, 
or  otherwise  through  misapprehension  and  mistaken  construction  of  the 
powers,  liberties  and  franchises  in  this  charter  or  act  of  incorporation  granted, 
or  intended  to  be  granted,  any  ordinance  should  be  made  by  the  said  corpora- 
tion of  regents,  or  matter  done  and  transacted  by  the  said  corporation  contrary 
to  the  tenor  thereof,  all  such  ordinances,  acts  and  doings,  shall  of  themselves 
be  null  and  void  ;  yet  they  shall  not  in  any  courts  of  law,  or  by  the  General 
Assembly,  be  deemed,  taken,  interpreted  or  adjudged  into  an  avoidance  or  for- 
feiture of  this  charter  and  act  of  incorporation;  but  the  same  shall  be  and 
remain  in  full  force  and  validity,  the  nullity  and  avoidance  of  such  acts  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding. 

XX.  And  be  it  enacted.  That  this  charter  and  act  of  incorporation,  and  every 
part  thereof,  shall  be  good  and  available  in  all  things  in  law,  according  to  the 
true  intent  and  meaning  thereof,  and  shall  be  construed,  reputed  and  judged, 
in  all  cases,  most  favorably  on  the  behalf,  and  for  the  best  benefit  and  behalf 
of  the  said  regents  and  their  successors,  so  as  most  effectually  to  answer  the 
valuable  ends  of  this  act  of  incorporation,  towards  the  general  advancement 
and  promotion  of  the  professions,  sciences  and  arts. 

XXI.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  so  much  of  the  act  passed  at  November  ses- 
sion eighteen  hundred  and  seven,  entitled  "An  act  for  founding  a  Medical 
College  in  the  city  or  precincts  of  Baltimore,  for  the  instruction  of  students 
in  the  different  branches  of  medicine,"  as  is  inconsistent  with,  repugnant  to, 
or  supplied  by  this  act  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby  repealed.^ 

As  the  acts  of  1807  and  18 12  are,  according  to  the  Court  of  Ap- 
peals, still  in  force,  it  is  interesting  to  know  the  relations  in  which 
the  University  stands  to  each.    The  following  quotations  will  explain  : 

"  The  Act  of  181 2  authorizes,  not  the  Regents  but  the  College,  con- 
sisting of  President  and  Professors,  to  constitute,  appoint  and  annex 
to  itself  the  three  other  Colleges  or  Faculties,  thus,  by  the  use  of  the 
words  other  colleges  or  faculties,  treating  and  considering  the  Col- 
lege as  itself  a  faculty.  The  authority  is  not  given  to  the  corpora- 
tion, '  The  Regents  of  the  College  of  Medicine'  "     "  The  College  of 

1  Ch.  CLIX,  Sess.  1812. 


FIRST   PERIOD.  29 

Medicine  and  the  University  are  distinct  corporations;  the  first  did 
not  cease  to  exist,  and  the  Professors  and  President  became  members 
of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  second  just  as  they  might  have 
become  directors  of  a  bank  for  instance."  "  The  College  of  Medi- 
cine and  the  University  exist  in  contemplation  of  law  as  distinct  and 
independent  corporations,  in  possession  of  all  the  rights  and  fran- 
chises conferred  upon  them  by  the  acts  of  their  incorporation." 
"  There  is  nothing  in  the  act  of  1807  inconsistent  with  or  repugnant 
to  the  act  of  1812.'" 

In  fact,  however,  although  having  a  potential  existence,  it  is  evi- 
dent that  the  original  Board  of  Regents,  consisting  of  the  board  of 
medical  examiners  of  the  state  for  the  time  being,  together  with  the 
president  and  professors  of  the  College,  ceased  to  exist  at  the  time 
of  the  organization  of  the  University,  and  that  the  College  or  Faculty 
transferred  its  allegiance  to  the  new  Board  of  Regents  of  the  Univer- 
sity, composed  of  the  Provost  and  the  four  faculties  of  Medicine, 
Divinity,  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  Law,  or  such  of  them  as  exist.  Nor 
is  it  likely  that  the  original  board,  or  the  College  of  Medicine,  as 
such,  will  ever  be  revived,  although  some  feeble  attempts  were  made 
many  years  ago  in  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  to  revive 
them.'^  The  University  is  too  securely  established  upon  the  more 
comprehensive  law  of  1812,  and  has  had  too  long  a  career  of  success 
and  usefulness,  to  make  a  reversion  to  the  earlier  law  a  subject  for 
discussion.  Still  it  is  an  interesting  fact  that  the  first  law  is  yet  in 
legal  force,  if  not  enforced,  and  upon  that  fact  seems  to  have  largely 
depended  the  result  of  the  trial  restoring  the  University  to  the 
Regents  in  1839. 

^  Opinion  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Maryland  i7t  the  case  of  the   University  of 
Majyland.     Delivered  December  Term,  1838. 
2  Transactions  of  M.  &  C.  F.,  1854-5. 


SECOND   PERIOD. 

UNIVERSITY.— GOVERNMENT  OF  REGENTS,  i8 12-18 25. 

IN  accordance  with  the  new  act,  on  Jan.  6th,  1813,  the  Faculty  of 
Physic, "  with  the  advice  and  recommendations  of  learned  men  of 
the  several  professions,"  "  appointed  and  annexed  to  itself"  the  three 
other  Faculties,  and  on  April  22d,  1813,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Regents  thus  constituted,  a  Provost  and  Secretary  were  elected.  The 
Faculty  of  Divinity  consisted  of  Right  Rev.  James  Kemp,  D.  D,, 
Rev.  James  Inglis,  D.  D.,  Rev.  J.  Daniel  Kurtz,  Rev,  George  Rob- 
erts, and  Rev.  John  Glendy,  leading  Protestant  clergymen  of  Balti- 
more, with  two  vacancies  to  be  filled.  Naturally  such  a  "  school  of 
theology,"  composed  of  such  inharmonious  elements,  could  not  be 
expected  to  prosper.  The  first  professor  in  this  department  who 
ever  actually  discharged  any  public  duties  was  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  E. 
Wyatt,  of  St.  Paul's  P.  E.  Church,  appointed  in  1819,  who  lectured 
to  the  medical  class  on  Sunday  afternoons  during  the  session  of 
1823-4  (and  probably  also  during  that  of  1820-1),  on  "  The  Evi- 
dences of  Christianity  and  Moral  Conduct."^  This  could  hardly  be 
called  a  theological  course.  The  last  survivor  of  this  faculty  was  the 
Rev.  J.  G.  Hamner,  D.  D.,  a  Presbyterian  divine,  whose  name 
appears  in  the  list  of  Regents  as  late  as  1878,  and  whom  former 
alumni  will  remember  as  officiating  at  the  annual  commencements. 
On  his  resignation  in  1878  the  department  became  extinct,  and  it  is 
not  likely  that  the  Faculty  of  Theology  will  ever  be  revived.  The 
Faculty  of  Law  consisted  of  Messrs.  David  Hoffman,  Professor  of 
Law ;  Robert  Goodloe  Harper,  John  Purviance,  Robert  Smith, 
Nicholas  Brice  and  Nathaniel  Williams.  The  Faculty  of  Arts  and 
Sciences  was  composed  of  seven  of  the  most  eminent  scholars  in  the 
city,  among  whom  were  Charles  W.  Hanson,  Moral  Philosophy  ; 
Rev.  John  Allen,  Mathematics ;  John  E.  Hall,  Rhetoric  and  Belles 
Lettres ;  Rev.  Archibald  Walker,  Humanity ;  John  D.  Craig,  Nat- 
ural  Philosophy ;    ,    History,   and  Samuel   Brown.     Henry 

^  Regents'  Minute  Book,  and  Federal  Gazette,  Oct.  iS,  1S22. 


SECOND  PERIOD.  3I 

Wilkins,  M.  D.,  was  made  lecturer  on  Botany/  Most  of  these 
appointments  were  mere  sinecures.  The  Law  Department  was  not 
organized  until  1823,  and  then  with  but  one  professor;  the  Acad- 
emic had  only  a  nominal  existence  until  1830  and  never  flourished. 
Archbishop  John  Carroll,  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  a  cousin 
of  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, was  chosen  to  be  the  first  Provost  of  the  University,  but 
declined.  Hon.  Robert  Smith,  who  had  recently  held  the  office  of 
Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States,  was  then  elected  and 
accepted  the  position.  Professor  Richard  Wilmot  Hall  was  elected 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Regents. 

Robert  Smith,  statesman,  brother  of  Gen.  Samuel  Smith,  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster, Penna.,  Nov.  1757.  Was  present  at  battle  of  Brandywine.  Graduated 
at  Princeton,  1781.  Practiced  law  in  Baltimore.  Presidential  elector,  1789 ; 
state  senator,  1793;  member  House  of  Delegates,  1796-1800;  member  of  City 
Council,  1798-1801;  Secretary  of  Navy,  1802-5;  Attorney-General,  1805;  Sec- 
retary of  State,  1809-1811;  Provost  of  University  of  Maryland,  1813-1815; 
President  of  Maryland  Agricultural  Society,  1818.  Author  of  "  Address  to  the 
People  of  the  United  States,"  181 1.  Died  in  Baltimore,  Nov.  26,  1842,  (See 
AppletorC  s  CyclopcEdia  of  American  Biography.^ 

During  the  session  of  1812-13  a  Gold  Medal  was  instituted,  to  be 
conferred  annually,  upon  the  student  writing  the  best  thesis  in  the 
Latin  language.  It  was  designed  "as  an  expression  of  the  estima- 
tion in  which  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland  holds  classical 
learning,  and  as  an  encouragement  to  medical  students  who  may 
attend  the  institution,  to  acquire  it."^  It  was  conferred,  for  the  first 
time,  upon  John  D.  Sinnott,  in  1813,  the  graduating  class  then 
numbering  ten.  It  was  given  for  the  last  time  at  the  close  of  the 
session  of  1836-37,  Dr.  E.  J.  Chaisty  being  the  recipient.  From  a 
similar  motive,  the  announcement  was  made  at  this  time  that  gradu- 
ates in  arts  and  sciences  would  be  exempted  from  the  payment  of 
the  graduation  fee. 

The  session  lasted  four  months,  from  November  ist  to  February 
28th,  and  at  first  the  lectures  were  all  delivered  in  Anatomical  Hall, 
except  those  of  the  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy.     Not 

^  Regents'  Minute  Book.  Rev.  John  Allen  was  an  A.  M.  of  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  and  the  author  of  an  edition  of  Euclid  and  an  original  work  on  Conic 
Sections  (Fed.  Gazette,  Oct.  22,  1S22).  His  name  appears  on  many  of  the 
earlier  medical  diplomas. 

^  Report  of  Committee  of  Faculty,  Niles^  Register,  August  24th,  1813. 


32  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

until  the  session  of  1815-16  was  a  separate  room  provided  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  Professors  of  Theory  and  Practice,  Institutes, 
Surgery,  Materia  Medica  and  Obstetrics.  This  was  derived  from 
"  an  alteration  of  the  Library,"^  and  was  situated  in  the  front  of  the 
building,  opposite  the  present  Faculty,  or  "Green"  Room. 

The  obligations  assumed  by  the  Faculty,  in  the  purchase  of  ground 
and  the  erection  of  buildings,  were  far  greater  than  they  had  antici- 
pated. The  expenses,  as  is  so  often  the  case,  exceeded  the  estimates. 
The  erection  of  a  high  wall  about  the  grounds  was  one  item  of  large 
outlay.  The  members  of  the  Faculty  contributed  as  much  as  they 
were  able  and  secured  loans  from  their  friends.  But  the  period  of 
the  war  was  now  upon  them,  with  its  depressing  influences,  and  the 
classes  increased  but  slowly.  The  creditors — the  bricklayers,  car- 
penters, architects,  etc. — became  importunate,  and  the  lotteries  were 
not  yet  bringing  in  any  revenue.  In  this  critical  stage,  the  property 
of  the  corporation  was  actually  threatened  with  sale  by  the  sheriff. 
The  aid  of  the  banks  was  now  invoked  and  a  loan  was  effected  from 
two  of  them  of  several  thousand  dollars.  The  threatened  calamity 
was  thus  averted,  but  the  financial  anxiety  of  the  Professors  was  not 
allayed  until  some  years  later — in  1821 — and  in  a  manner  that  will 
hereafter  be  described." 

At  the  beginning  of  the  session  of  1813-14  the  University  sus- 
tained a  severe  loss  by  the  death  of  Professor  Cocke.  It  was  due 
to  "  fever,"  and  occurred  on  the  25th  of  October,  and  at  the  very 
hour  at  which  he  was  to  have  delivered  the  opening  lecture  of  the 
course  in  the  new  building.^  To  talents  and  acquirements  of  a  very 
high  order,  and  which  gave  promise  of  a  brilliant  future.  Professor 
Cocke  added  a  trait — very  rare  in  physicians — business  capacity. 

James  Cocke  was  a  native  of  lower  Virginia  and  came  from  a  wealthy  and 
influential  family.  The  exact  date  of  his  birth  is  unknown,  but  was  probably 
about  1780.  He  enjoyed  superior  advantages  of  education.  About  1801-1802 
he  was  a  pupil  of  Sir  Astley  Cooper,  at  Guy's  Hospital,  London.  He  then 
returned  to   America  and  obtained  his  degree  (M.  D.)  at  the  University  of 

1  Communication  from  "  Viator,"  Niles^  Register,  Sept.  isth,  1815. 

"^  A  number  of  years  later  (1827-30),  suit  was  brought  by  the  Bank  of  Balti- 
more against  the  Faculty  for  $7000,  with  interest,  which  had  been  loaned  by 
the  bank  for  the  erection  of  buildings.  Judgment  was  given  against  the 
Faculty,  and  the  Infirmary  was  threatened  with  sale,  when  the  Trustees  very 
unwillingly  consented  to  pay  the  debt  with  the  funds  of  the  University  in  their 
hands.     (MS.  Records  of  University.) 

s  Potter's  Sketch. 


A'A  THAN  RYKO  SMITH,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 
Professor  of  Surgery, 


SECOND    PERIOD.  33 

Pennsylvania  in  1804,  his  thesis  attracting  considerable  attention  from  its 
original  views.  He  came  to  Maryland  in  the  same  year,  and  settled  perma- 
nently in  Baltimore  towards  the  close  of  the  year.  He  died  in  the  fall  of  1813 — 
flatti  febris  cEstitafite  ustus — and  was  buried  in  Kent  County,  Maryland,  the 
earlier  home  of  his  wife.^  He  was  a  most  amiable  and  accomplished  gentle- 
man, and  gave  evidence  of  marked  abilities  as  a  lecturer  and  surgeon.  His 
early  decease  was  a  great  loss  to  the  University  and  to  his  profession. 

Professor  Cocke  was  succeeded  in  the  chair  of  Anatomy  by  Pro- 
fessor Davidge.  The  chair  of  Institutes  became  temporarily  vacant, 
but  was  revived  by  the  election  to  it,  in  1814,  of  Dr.  John  Owen,  of 
Baltimore.  Dr.  Owen  was  just  then  on  his  way  to  Bladensburg  to 
join  the  5th  Regiment  of  state  militia,  of  which  he  was  surgeon, 
and  he  therefore  declined  the  honor.  Dr.  Maxwell  McDowell  was 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  delivered  his  first  course  of  lectures 
during  the  ensuing  session,  1814-15.^ 

John  Owen  was  a  native  of  Maryland.  He  received  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
from  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  in  1794.  He  obtained  his  medical  educa- 
tion partly  in  Great  Britain,  partly  in  America.  The  honorary  degree  of  M.  D. 
was  conferred  upon  him  in  1818,  by  the  University  of  Maryland.  He  began 
practice  in  Baltimore  in  November,  1799..  He  died  in  1824,  in  his  50th  year. 
Dr.  Owen  was  a  member  of  the  City  Council,  Physician  to  the  Baltimore  Gen- 
eral Dispensary,  Surgeon  of  the  5th  Maryland  Regiment  in  the  war  of  1812, 
and  Consulting  Physician  to  the  City  Board  of  Health.  He  contributed 
nothing  to  medical  literature.  (See  Fed.  Gaz.,  Oct.  22d,  1824,  and  Quinan's 
Annals.) 

The  chair  of  Surgery  was  filled  during  these  early  years  by  Pro- 
fessor Gibson,  afterwards  the  eminent  professor  of  the  same  branch 
in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  A  native  of  Baltimore,  a  graduate 
of  the  University  of  Edinburgh  in  1809,  and  afterwards  a  pupil  and 
friend  of  Charles  Bell,  of  London,  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his 
chair  at  the  early  age  of  24.'  His  reputation  as  a  surgeon  was  estab- 
lished by  his  operation  of  ligating  the  common  iliac  artery,  performed 
during  the  riots  in  Baltimore  in  May,  1812.  He  possessed  great 
skill  in  making  casts  and  models  of  wax.  His  lectures  were  largely 
didactic,  as  the  facilities  for  clinics  at  this  time  were  hmited.  Yet, 
he  occasionally  performed  operations  in  the  presence  of  the  classes 
at  the  Maryland  Hospital,  on  Broadway,  of  which  he  was  the  Con- 

^  See  dedication  of  thesis  of  E.  M.  Worrell,  Md.  Med.  Journal,  July  i,  1882. 
-His  letter  of  acceptance  is  dated  Sept.  3d,  1814. 
2  His  appointment  is  dated  April  6th,  18 12. 


34  •  THE    UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 

suiting  Surgeon,  and  at  the  Almshouse/  He  also  had.  a  private 
surgical  institution,  which  was  established  by  authority  of  the  Legis- 
lature in  1817,  and  located  on  Madison  street  extended,  "out  the 
Falls  turnpike,  a  short  distance  from  town."^ 

Dissections  were  no  doubt  carried  on  during  all  the  early  years  of 
the  school.  They  were  not  made  obligatory  until  many  years  after 
this,  and  they  were  conducted  only  in  the  daytime.  There  is  a 
tradition  handed  down  from  one  of  the  elder  alumni,^  that  the  pre- 
sent "  green-room  "  was  used  at  first  as  a  dissecting  room,  the  second 
story  of  the  front  of  the  building  not  being  yet  completed.  It  has  also 
been  said  that  the  Anatomical  Hall  was  at  first  reached  by  the  dark 
winding  stairway  at  the  northeast  corner,  near  the  exit  towards  Cider 
Alley.*  We  have  no  account  of  any  Demonstrator  until  several  years 
after  the  occupation  of  the  building.  The  classes  being  small,  per- 
haps one  was  not  deemed  necessary,  the  Professor  of  Anatomy 
superintending  this  department  himself  or  being  assisted  by  one  of 
the  senior  students.  A  graduate  of  the  class  of  1815^  states,  in  his 
thesis,  that  he  had  dissected  six  subjects,  and  performed  experiments 
in  order  to  elucidate  the  phenomena  of  luxation,  and  the  method  of 
reduction,  and  that  "  the  Professor  of  Anatomy  had  first  demon- 
strated to  him  a  third  head  of  the  coracoid  muscle."  Dr.  Jam.es 
Bain,  a  graduate  of  the  year  1816,  testified  at  the  trial  of  Prof.  Hall 
(1843),  that  he  "  dissected  for  two  years  for  Dr.  Davidge."     It   is 

1  He  and  Professor  Baker  accepted  appointments  as  Attending  Surgeon  and 
Physician,  respectively,  of  the  Almshouse,  on  condition  that  their  students 
should  have  the  privilege  of  clinical  instruction  there.  The  Almshouse,  it  will 
be  remembered,  was  then  in  the  city.  A  certain  number  of  the  students  held 
positions  as  residents  in  the  Maryland  Hospital.  The  late  Dr.  Samuel  P.  Smith, 
of  Cumberland,  was  one  of  these  for  two  years  {1S14  to  1816),  having  learned 
of  the  place  while  serving  with  the  troops  collected  in  the  vicinity,  for  the 
defense  of  Baltimore.  In  excavating  for  the  foundations  of  the  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital,  which  occupies  the  site  of  the  Maryland  Hospital,  the  plate  was 
discovered  upon  which  the  certificates  of  these  students  were  printed,  (See 
Baltimore  Sun,  June  15th,  1889.) 

'^  Medical  Repertory,  July,  1817. 

3  Communicated  to  me  by  Mr.  Runge,  the  present  Janitor,  who  received  it 
orally  from  the  alumnus. 

4  In  some  alterations  recently  made  at  the  University,  this  dark  stairway  was 
opened,  and  its  appearance  certainly  seemed  to  negative  the  idea  of  its  having 
ever  been  used  by  medical  students. 

^Alex.  Clendinen,  of  S.  C,  on  the  "  Surgery  of  the  Dislocated  Shoulder 
Joint." 


SECOND   PERIOD.  35 

believed  that  Dr.  John  Buckler,  who  graduated  in  1817,  performed 
the  same  duty,  and  it  is  quite  certain  that  Jno.  D.  Godman,  of  the 
class  of  1818,  did.  Both  of  these  held  the  position  of  Lecturer  on 
Anatomy,  which  involved  the  oversight  of  dissections.  Dr.  William 
Howard  was  Adjunct  Professor  of  Anatomy  under  Davidge,  in  1820. 
From  1821,  the  date  of  the  appointment  of  Dr.  Duncan  Turnbull, 
our  information  is  more  exact,  and  we  have  the  names  and  years  of 
service  of  all  the  Demonstrators  from  that  date  to  the  present  time. 

The  "  Library  "  was  opened  to  the  use  of  the  students  in  the  fall 
of  1815.  It  then  consisted  of  the  books  of  the  late  Dr.  John  Craw- 
ford, purchased  from  his  widow  after  his  death  in  18 13  for  $500,  that 
amount  having  been  privately  subscribed  for  the  purpose  by  the 
members  of  the  Faculty.  The  following  account  of  it  at  this  time  is 
given :  "Though  not  the  most  extensive  of  the  kind,"  it  "  is  compe- 
tent to  most  of  the  useful  purposes  of  the  medical  pupil.  While  it 
contains  many  of  the  most  useful  works,  it  presents  the  curious 
inquirer  with  some  of  the  rarest  of  both  ancient  and  modern  times, 
a  few  of  which  (I  believe)  are  not  to  be  found  in  any  of  the  collections 
in  the  country."' 

The  subsequent  history  of  the  "  Library  "  may  be  dismissed  in  a 
few  words.  Small  additions  were  made  to  it  from  time  to  time  by 
purchase  and  donation.  A  minute  of  the  Faculty  is  entered  Dec.  i  ith, 
1813, "  requesting  the  Secretary  to  present  the  thanks  of  the  Faculty 
to  Jeremiah  Sullivan,  Esq.,  for  donation  of  an  Encyclopeedia,  the 
binding  to  be  paid  for  by  him."  In  a  report  of  the  Faculty  to  the 
Board  of  Regents^  dated  May  3d,  1819,  it  is  stated  that  "the  debt 
due  for  the  buildings  and  appurtenances,  together  with  the  amount 
expended  for  apparatus,  library,  etc.,  is  now  about  $15,000,"  June 
14th,  i83i,the  Trustees'  records  contain  a  notice  of  "350  volumes 
folio,  of  the  great  French  Encyclopaedia,  presented  to  the  Library 
by  the  late  Mexican  Minister,  as  a  return  '  for  kindness  received 
from  the  amiable  people  of  Baltimore.'  "  This  handsome  contribu- 
tion was  turned  over  to  the  department  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  The 
same  records  contain  a  notice  of  books  purchased  for  the  Medical 
Library,  April,  1837.  In  a  list  of  disbursements  of  the  funds  of  the 
University,  contained  in  the  "Memorial  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
University  of  Maryland,  and  Trustees  of  Baltimore  College  to  the 
Legislature  of  Maryland,"  Baltimore,  1830,  $2600  are  charged  to 
the  account  of  the  "  Medical  Library,"    Some  volumes  were  donated 

1  '<  Viator,"  Niks''  Register,  Sept.  15th,  1815.    ^  MS.  Records  of  University. 


36  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF    MARYLAND. 

by  Prof.  Geddings,  and  Prof.  Smith  is  said  to  have  contributed 
hberally  to  it.'  Notwithstanding  these  various  additions,  the  Library 
has  certainly  within  the  last  25  or  30  years  been  in  a  most  languishing 
condition.  It  is  doubtful  if  a  single  addition  has  been  made  during 
that  time  to  the  600,  more  or  less,  antiquated  volumes  which  repose 
in  undisturbed  retirement  upon  the  shelves  of  the  "Green"  Room, 
the  prey  of  dust,  damp  and  worms.  The  value  of  the  collection  may 
be  estimated  from  the  fact  that  when  offered  to  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  a  short  time  since,  it  was  declined  by  the  Library 
Committee  of  that  body.'^ 

The  year  1818  deserves  to  be  noted  for  the  graduation  of  John 
D.  Godman,  a  youth  who,  rising  solely  by  his  talent  and  merit 
from  the  humble  position  of  a  poor  and  friendless  orphan,  was 
destined  to  become  one  of  the  foremost  of  American  savants,  not- 
withstanding his  brilliant  career  was  cut  short  before  it  had  reached 
its  full  development.  He  fell  a  victim  to  that  dread  disease — con- 
sumption— which  has  laid  low  so  many  of  the  brightest  and  best  of 
our  profession.  The  University  should  be  proud  to  have  trained 
such  a  scholar  and  to  have  afforded  him  the  means,  denied  by 
nature,  for  entering  upon  that  scientific  career  for  which  he  was  so 
well  fitted.  The  circumstances  connected  with  Godman's  lecture- 
ship are  these  : 

During  the  winter  of  1817  and  1818,  Professor  Davidge  met  with 
a  serious  accident  by  slipping  upon  the  ice  and  falling  against  the 
curbstone.  He  thus  sustained  a  fracture  of  the  thigh-bone,  which 
confined  him  to  bed  for  several  weeks  and  rendered  him  slightly 
lame  ever  after.  Of  course  his  further  attention  to  his  lectures  was 
rendered  impossible  during  that  session,  and  in  the  emergency  his 
assistant  was  called  upon  to  take  his  place.  Although  not  yet  a 
graduate,   Godman  gladly  embraced  the  opportunity,  thus   unex- 

1  Oral  communication  to  writer  by  the  late  Prof.  Aikin. 

2  In  this  connection  it  may  be  mentioned  that  at  one  time  the  Trustees  made 
an  annual  appropriation  of  $50  for  the  purchase  of  medical  works,  to  be  kept 
at  the  Infirmary  for  the  use  of  the  physicians  and  resident  students.  (MS. 
Records.) 

An  examination  of  a  part  of  the  Library  stored  in  drawers  in  the  Museum 
shows  that  there  are  there  some  old  works  which  are  probably  rare  and  valu- 
able, as  Hippocrates,  Sennertus,  Malpighi,  Hoffman,  Swammerdan,  Reaumur, 
Galen,  Van  Swieten,  Sauvage,  Hiester,  Baglivi,  Linnaeus,  St.  Hilaire,  Chorus 
Veterorum  Medicorum,  etc.  Some  of  these  are  quarto  editions,  profusely 
illustrated  in  the  highest  style  of  mediaeval  art. 


SECOND   PERIOD.  37 

pectedly  offered,  for  entering  upon  that  career  which  was  to  be  the 
chief  business  of  his  life,  having  an  innate  consciousness  of  his 
abihty  to  discharge  its  duties  with  credit.  The  result  is  graphically 
stated  by  his  biographer.  The  sympathy  arising  from  their  common 
youth  and  sense  of  companionship,  the  contagious  enthusiasm  with 
which  he  discharged  his  task,  and  the  consciousness  of  his  supe- 
riority, which  was  too  apparent  to  excite  any  feehngs  of  jealousy  or 
rivalry,  made  him  master  of  his  audience  from  the  first.  With 
eloquent  and  burning  words,  and  with  all  that  fervor  and  zeal  which 
characterize  a  vivid  imagination  and  a  comprehensive  intellect  to 
which  the  world  of  knowledge  is  just  unfolding  its  treasures,  he 
threw  a  charm  into  the  dry  subject  which  it  had  never  had  for  his 
audience  before.  In  chaste  and  apt  language,  of  which  he  was 
master,  with  well-chosen  illustration  drawn  from  acute  observation, 
extensive  reading  and  a  memory  which  never  permitted  anything 
to  escape  that  once  entered  it,  and  in  a  style  which,  in  its  clearness 
and  simplicity,  contrasted  most  favorably  with  the  turgid  and  mean- 
ingless verbosity  of  the  day,  he  drew  his  youthful  audience  around 
him.  So  close  was  the  attention  and  so  fascinating  the  teacher  that 
a  pin  might  have  been  heard  to  fall  during  the  delivery  of  his  lec- 
tures. With  such  a  guide  and  such  surroundings  the  weeks  flew 
rapidly  by  and  the  end  came — the  regretful  time  of  parting.  His 
success  had  been  perfect,  and  gladly  would  the  class  have  seen  him 
permanently  invested  with  the  chair.  No  vacancy  then  existed, 
however,  and  after  obtaining  his  degree  he  saw  no  other  opening 
than  a  country  practice.  Although  having  little  to  do  in  a  profes- 
sional way,  even  there  he  was  not  idle,  but  utilized  his  ample  leisure 
for  the  prosecution  of  those  studies  and  researches  in  natural  his- 
tory which  led  afterwards  to  his  work  upon  that  subject,  the  first 
in  America,  and  made  him  one  of  the  authorities  in  that  depart- 
ment. When  the  chair  of  Anatomy  became  vacant  in  1819  he 
turned  his  face,  as  by  right,  towards  his  Alma  Mater,  which,  other 
things  being  equal,  should  always  prefer  her  own  children  to 
strangers.  His  qualifications  and  fitness  for  the  post  had  been  fully 
demonstrated  and  were  freely  acknowledged,  but  although  he  waited 
a  whole  year  before  the  vacancy  was  filled,  the  verdict  had  been 
irrevocably  passed — he  was  too  young.  Thus  was  lost  to  the 
institution  and  to  the  state  a  man  who  appeared  destined  to  advance 
our  knowledge,  and  more  than  it  had  been  advanced  by  any  one  of 
his  predecessors,  at  least  in  this  part  of  the  world.    If  so  much  could 


38  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

be  achieved  in  so  short  a  life,  what  great  benefits  would .  science  not 
have  derived,  what  remarkable  steps  in  advance  might  not  have 
been  made,  had  it  been  given  to  such  a  great  mind  to  work  on  for 
the  good  of  his  race  during  a  lifetime  of  ordinary  length ! 

John  D.  Godman  was  born  at  Annapolis,  1794.  Being  left  an  orphan  and 
very  poor,  he  received  only  the  rudiments  of  an  English  education.  He  was 
then  apprenticed  in  Baltimore  with  a  printer,  but  ran  away  during  the  war  of 
1812  and  joined  the  American  fleet  in  Chesapeake  Bay.  He  began  the  study 
of  medicine  with  Dr.  Luckey,  of  Elizabethtown,  Penna.,  and  by  the  generous 
interest  of  the  Faculty  was  enabled  to  continue  it  at  the  University  of  Md. 
After  graduating  he  spent  a  short  time  in  the  country  and  then  went  to  Phila- 
delphia. There  he  organized  a  very  successful  School  of  Anatomy.  He  held 
several  professorships  and  lectureships,  edited  two  or  three  medical  journals 
(among  them  the  Am.  Jour,  of  the  Med.  Sciences),  was  a  voluminous  con- 
tributor to  periodical  literature,  and  wrote  a  number  of  works,  the  most 
important  of  which  were  his  Natural  History,  3  vols.  ;  Rambles  of  a  Naturalist ; 
a  work  on  Anatomy  ;  a  volume  of  Addresses,  etc.  He  also  edited  several 
works  of  foreign  authors  and  contributed  some  poetry.  He  died  in  1830.  He 
married  a  daughter  of  Rembrandt  Peale,  who  with  her  children  moved  to  the 
West  after  his  death.  He  wrote  with  great  vigor,  simplicity  and  elegance, 
and  his  style  might  well  serve  as  a  model  still. 

In  1819  Professor  Gibson  severed  his  connection  with  the  Univer- 
sity to  enter  upon  a  larger  sphere  of  activity.  By  the  death  of  Pro- 
fessor Dorsey  and  the  transfer  of  Professor  Physick,  a  vacancy  had 
occurred  in  the  chair  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
then  and  still  the  leading  medical  school  in  America.  Gibson  was 
chosen  to  fill  it,  and  thenceforward,  for  thirty-odd  years,  he  was  con- 
spicuous there  as  a  teacher  and  writer,  sending  out  edition  after  edition 
of  his  Surgery,  and  contributing  many  valuable  monographs  to  the 
periodical  literature  of  the  time. 

William  Gibson  was  born — a  twin — in  Baltimore,  in  1788.  He  was  educated 
at  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  and  at  Princeton.  He  began  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Dr.  John  Owen,  of  Baltimore.  In  1806  he  went  abroad,  attended 
lectures  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  obtained  the  degree  of  M.  D.  there 
in  1809.  Later  in  life  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D.  He  was  a 
student  and  warm  personal  friend  of  Dr.  Charles  Bell,  after  whom  he  named 
his  son.  After  graduating,  he  hurried  off  to  the  seat  of  war  in  Spain  and  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Corunna,  where  Sir  John  Moore  was  killed.  Later,  in 
1815,  happening  to  be  travelling  in  the  vicinity,  he  was  present  also  at  the 
battle  of  Waterloo  and  received  there  a  slight  wound.  In  1810  he  was  prac- 
tising in  Baltimore,  and  married  the  same  year  Miss  HoUingsworth  of  this  city. 
In  1812  he  achieved  great  reputation  from  being  the  first  to  ligate  the  common 


SECOND    PERIOD.  39 

iliac  artery,  which  he  did  upon  a  negro  wounded  in  the  riots  of  that  year.  He 
held  the  professorship  of  Surgery  in  the  College  of  Medicine  and  University 
of  Maryland  from  1812  to  1819,  and  the  same  chair  in  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania from  1819  to  1854.  He  spent  his  latter  years  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  and 
died  in  Savannah,  March  2, 1868,  aged  80.  He  was  twice  married  and  had  seve- 
ral children  by  each  marriage.  He  was  an  Episcopalian.  He  possessed  great 
mechanical  ingenuity  and  at  the  age  of  80  still  worked  in  his  shop.  He  was 
also  very  fond  of  fishing.  He  painted,  knew  how  to  stuff  birds,  and  played 
upon  several  musical  instruments,  especially  upon  the  violin.  He  retained  a 
strong  taste  for  the  classics  and  in  his  old  age  could  repeat  three  hundred 
lines  of  Vergil  from  memory.  He  kept  a  daily  journal  for  over  60  years,  which 
at  his  death  amounted  to  150  volumes.  Among  the  operations  (besides  that 
already  mentioned)  which  gave  him  most  eclat,  were  cassarian  section,  per- 
formed twice  upon  the  same  patient,  saving  both  mother  and  children,  and 
extraction  of  the  ball  which  General  Scott  had  received  at  the  battle  of  Lundy's 
Lane.  The  most  important  of  his  numerous  works  was  his  Surgery,  in  two 
volumes,  which  went  through  eight  or  nine  editions.  He  was  5  ft.  9  in.  high 
and  weighed  160  lbs.  (See  Dr.  Samuel  Francis'  sketch  in  Medical  and  Surgical 
Reporter,  1868,  and  Drake's  Diet,  of  Med.  Biog.,  1878.)  "An  accomplished 
lecturer,  lucid  writer  and  able  surgeon."     (Gross.) 

During  the  session  succeeding  Professor  Gibson's  removal  to 
Philadelphia,  Professor  Davidge  was  again  called  upon  to  discharge 
the  duties  of  the  surgical  chair,  in  addition  to  those  of  the  anatom- 
ical chair,  which  he  still  retained.  His  preferences  seem  to  have 
been  for  the  latter.  An  able  assistant  was  given  him  in  the  anatom- 
ical department  in  Dr.  William  Howard,  who  was  appointed  Adjunct 
Professor. 

William  Howard  was  born  in  Baltimore  and  practiced  there.  He  trav- 
elled extensively  in  Europe.  He  took  the  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  University 
in  1817,  and  was  Adjunct  Professor  of  Anatomy  under  Davidge,  and  member 
of  the  Building  Committee,  1820-21.  He  held  the  professorship  of  Natural 
Philosophy  in  the  Academic  Department  of  the  University,  and  later  was  in 
the  U.  S.  Topographical  Engineers.  Died  in  Baltimore,  August  25,  1834,  in 
his  41st  year.  He  was  "a  gentleman  of  fine  taste  and  very  superior  talents." 
(Niles''  Register,  Scharf,  Quinan.) 

Meanwhile  the  eye  of  the  Faculty  was  kept  open  for  a  professor  of 
Surgery,  and  it  was  not  long  before  a  willing  candidate  was  found. 
This  was  Granville  Sharp  Pattison,  a  native  of  Scotland,  who  had 
held  a  subordinate  position  in  the  Andersonian  Institute,  at  Glasgow, 
under  the  eminent  anatomist,  Allen  Burns,  and  later  become  his  suc- 
cessor. Mr.  Pattison  left  Scotland,  it  was  said,  in  consequence  of  a 
domestic  difficulty  with  one  of  his  colleagues,  the  particulars  of  which 


40  THE    UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 

were  not  made  public  until  some  time  after  his  arrival  in  this 
country.  He  arrived  in  Philadelphia  early  in  1819  and  remained 
there  until  the  following  year.  He  brought  with  him  letters  of 
recommendation  from  Sir  Astley  Cooper,  Rev.  Dr.  Chalmers  and 
others,  which  secured  a  favorable  reception  in  professional  and 
social  circles.  Being  unable  to  secure  a  position  in  Philadelphia 
commensurate  with  his  wishes  and  aspirations,  and  his  pecuniary 
wants  becoming  pressing,  he  was  fain  to  accept  the  chair  of  surgery 
in  the  University  of  Maryland,  where  on  his  arrival  he  was  received 
with  open  arms  as  a  great  accession  to  the  Faculty.  There  was  a 
fine  opening  then  in  Baltimore  for  any  one  possessing  the  requisite 
qualifications  of  a  first-class  surgeon.  The  field  of  surgery  was 
almost  unoccupied,  as  Professor  Davidge  had  already  begun  to  with- 
draw from  it  on  account  of  advancing  age  and  failing  sight,  and  Dr. 
Jameson  had  not  yet  come  prominently  to  the  front.  The  success 
that  would  have  attended  the  advent  of  the  right  man  was  illustrated 
by  the  career  of  Prof.  Smith  only  a  few  years  later.  Pattison,  then, 
became  the  Professor  of  Surgery,  and  Davidge  resumed  the  chair  of 
Anatomy. 

Pattison  had  brought  over  with  him  the  anatomical  preparations 
which  had  been  accumulated  by  Burns  and  had  been  bequeathed  to 
him  by  the  latter.  This  collection,  like  its  owner,  was  extensively 
advertised  in  the  medical  journals  and  newspapers  of  the  country. 
The  influence  which  Pattison  now  exerted  in  the  councils  of  the  Uni- 
versity was  paramount,  and  he  used  it  to  dispose  of  his  collection. 
It  was  purchased  by  the  Faculty  for  an  anatomical  and  pathological 
museum,  for  $8000,  and  Practice  Hall  was  erected  shortly  after  (1821) 
to  give  it  accommodation.  Pattison  seems  to  have  infused  new 
vigor  into  the  University.  Whereas,  at  his  arrival,  the  institution 
was  burdened  with  debt,  of  which  there  was  no  prospect  of  pay- 
ment, and  the  building  was  unfinished  and  badly  needing  repairs, 
the  means  were  speedily  secured  for  meeting  all  expenses  and  more. 
In  1821  a  "loan"  was  obtained  from  the  Legislature  of  $30,000  at 
five  per  cent  interest,  to  be  paid  annually  by  the  Faculty.  This  loan 
was  avowedly  advanced  for  the  purpose  of  relieving  the  institution 
of  debt,  and  in  order  that  it  might  be  devoted  strictly  to  the  object 
intended  the  Legislature  appointed  a  "commission"  to  see  to  its 
proper  disbursal.  This  commission  consisted  of  Reverdy  Johnson, 
D.  Hoffman,  Wm.  Howard,  Maxwell  McDowell,  and  others.  Be- 
sides the  state  appropriation,  some  $7800  derived  from  the  medical 


SAMUEL  CHEW,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 
Professor  of  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine 


^  and  C/)/,:;>;h. 


A^^' 


LIBRARY 


St. 


r. 


'S"ify  of  m^ft. 


SECOND   PERIOD.  4I 

lotteries  were  also  turned  over  to  these  gentlemen.  The  funds  thus 
provided  were  found  to  be  sufficient  to  pay  off  the  entire  indebted- 
ness of  the  institution  outside  of  the  Faculty,  including  the  cost  of 
Practice  Hall  and  the  completion  of  "the  splendid  anatomical 
theatre  and  the  extensive  and  convenient  dissecting  rooms  attached 
thereto.'" 

The  "  Museum,"  thus  inaugurated  with  so  much  expense  and 
eclat,  has  continued  to  be  a  feature  of  the  University  to  this  day,  but 
it  has  had  its  vicissitudes  and  has  suffered  much  from  neglect  and 
indifference.  Instead  of  being  a  workshop  frequented  by  ardent 
disciples  of  ^sculapius,  except  for  an  occasional  stranger  led  thither 
by  curiosity,  it  is  to  be  feared  it  has  been  left  mostly  to  dust  and 
silence.  The  necessity  of  constant  supervision  of  such  a  collection, 
to  see  that  specimens  are  properly  labeled,  to  supply  new  alcohol 
and  shelving  as  growth  proceeds,  and  to  look  after  catalogue, 
repairs,  etc.,  has  not  been  fully  appreciated  by  the  authorities  of  the 
University.  Nor  are  liberal  appropriations  all  that  is  necessary; 
the  qualifications  of  the  "curator"  are  all-important.  To  an  ade- 
quate salary  he  should  add  devotion  to  his  work  and  an  enthusiasm 
which  never  flags.  There  have  been  times  undoubtedly  when  the 
Museum  was  well  kept,  but  the  word  "  curator"  does  not  occur  with 
that  frequency  in  the  records  of  the  institution  that  is  to  be  desired, 
and  it  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  in  the  last  catalogue  there  is  no  allu- 
sion whatever  to  the  Museum.  Now  that  pathology  has  assumed 
such  a  predominance  in  medical  education,  an  institution  with  the 

^  Medical  Recorder,  Philadelphia,  July,  1821.  The  following  extract  gives 
some  idea  of  the  financial  straits  of  the  University  at  the  time  this  loan  was 
effected  : 

"  In  1821  the  institution  was  at  its  lowest  ebb.  Professor  Davidge  occupied 
two  chairs;  the  number  of  students  did  not  exceed  sixty;  a  heavy  debt  of  at 
least  $38,000  hung  over  it.  Executions  to  the  amount  of  nearly  $6000  were 
then  pending.  The  buildings,  which  had  never  been  finished,  were  in  a  state 
of  gloomy  dilapidation,  and  a  heartlessness  and  despondency  prevailed 
through  the  institution  to  such  a  degree  that  Professor  DeButts  with  much 
feeling  informed  me,  after  we  had  been  visiting  the  buildings,  that  it  was 
probable  the  institution  could  not  last  more  than  another  session  unless  some- 
thing could  be  done  to  rescue  it  from  its  peril.  He  asked  me  what  could  be 
done.  My  brief  reply  was.  Go  further  in  debt ;  get  Dr.  Davidge  to  resign  one 
of  the  chairs,  appoint  an  able  professor  to  supply  the  vacancy,  repair  your 
buildings,  erect  a  new  building  for  a  class-room,  etc."  (Extract  from  letter  of 
Professor  David  Hoffman  to  the  Medical  Faculty,  dated  Dec.  28,  1824.  Arch- 
ives of  the  University.) 


42  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

rank  of  the  University  of  Maryland  can  no  longer  afford  to  neglect 
so  important  a  department,  and  it  is  gratifying  to  know  that  changes 
for  the  better  are  in  contemplation.  The  subject  of  a  Pathological 
Laboratory  might  well  engage  the  attention  and  efforts  of  the 
Alumni  Association,  which  could  thus  materially  advance  the 
standing  and  means  of  instruction  of  the  Alma  Mater,  whose  welfare 
its  members  should  all  have  at  heart.^ 

Notwithstanding  these  remarks,  which,  with  due  regard  to  truth, 
must  necessarily  be  disparaging,  the  Museum  has  a  history  which 
can  be  traced  here  and  there  in  the  scattered  records  of  the  Univer- 
sity. The  latter  has  been  particularly  fortunate  in  the  ability  with 
which  the  chairs  of  anatomy  and  surgery  have  been  filled,  and  it  is 
not  possible  that  such  men  as  Davidge,  N.  R.  Smith,  Turnbull,  Ged- 
dings,  W.  N.  Baker,  Roby,  Miltenberger,  Hammond,  Johnston, 
Miles,  Tiffany  and  Michael  have  not  felt  a  warm  interest  in  a  collec- 
tion of  specimens  illustrative  of  their  lectures,  or  failed  to  add  to  it 
contributions  of  value  which  their  extensive  experience,  both  public 
and  private,  must  often  have  placed  in  their  hands. 

Of  the  character  of  Professor  Pattison's  collection  but  Httle  infor- 
mation is  given,  further  than  that  it  consisted  "of  upwards  of  looo 
selected  morbid  and  healthy  specimens,  and  in  variety,  excellence 
and  number  was  far  superior  to  any  other  in  America."  It  was  duly 
deposited  in  the  "  handsome  hall,  elegantly  furnished,"  which  had 
been  erected  for  its  reception,  and  for  some  time  constituted  the 
chief  attraction  for  visitors  to  the  University.  The  apartment  in 
which  it  was  placed  displayed  it  to  the  best  advantage,  being  spac- 
ious and  well  lighted.  The  cases  were  arranged  against  the  walls, 
and  the  specimens  were  all  numbered  and  catalogued.     The  first 

'  Seven  or  eight  years  ago  a  proposition  was  made  in  the  Alumni  Association 
to  raise  an  endowment  for  a  Laboratory,  to  be  called  the  "  N.  R.  Smith  Patho- 
logical Laboratory,"  in  honor  of  Maryland's  great  surgeon.  Successful  efforts 
(so  it  was  reported)  were  then  being  made,  in  a  similar  way,  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College  to  establish  the  "  S.  D.  Gross  Pathological  Laboratory."  In 
view  of  the  large  number  of  our  alumni  who  had  attended  Professor  Smith's 
lectures  and  the  affectionate  regard  in  which  his  memory  was  held  by  them,  it 
was  thought  not  impracticable  to  raise  a  fund  for  the  annual,  if  not  permanent, 
endowment  of  a  Laboratory,  including  the  salary  of  the  Director.  But  at  the 
very  beginning,  before  any  plan  of  action  had  been  settled  on,  some  question 
arose  as  to  the  mode  of  appointment  of  the  pathologist,  and  the  proposition 
met  with  so  discouraging  a  reception  in  a  quarter  where  opposition  was  least 
expected  that  it  was  not  further  discussed.  Let  us  hope  it  may  yet  be  revived 
under  more  favorable  auspices. 


SECOND   PERIOD.  43 

notice  of  any  addition  to  it  was  in  March,  1823,  when  Capt.  C.  G. 
Ridgely  presented  "  a  collection  of  minerals  from  South  America 
(Peru  and  Chili);  also  curiosities  of  the  Incas.'"  About  the  same 
time  Gen.  John  Spear  Smith  made  a  second  donation  of  minerals. 
In  1832  the  Trustees  appropriated  $250  for  the  purchase  for  it  of 
articles  abroad  by  Professor  Geddings,  who  in  the  following  year 
acknowledges  their  liberality,  through  which  "  important  additions 
have  been  made  to  the  Museum  and  Library."  The  "  Prospectus" 
of  1839  "offers  to  the  student  of  pathological  anatomy  a  large  and 
valuable  Museum,  founded  upon  the  cabinet  of  the  late  Allen  Burns 
....  to  which  numerous  additions  have  been  made,  especially 
beautiful  preparations  of  the  lymphatic  system,  superficial  and  pro- 
found, procured  from  Italy.  The  Museum  contains  magnificent 
models  of  the  eye  and  ear  in  wax,  which  will  greatly  facilitate  the 
study  of  the  minuter  parts  of  those  delicate  organs."  In  1841  num- 
erous and  valuable  additions  to  the  Anatomical  Cabinet  were 
received,  and  $65.35  were  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of  alcohol. 
In  1846  we  find  this  notice  :  "  The  extensive  and  costly  Anatomical 
Museum  founded  by  the  late  Allen  Burns  has  been,  during  the  last 
session,  greatly  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  numerous  valuable 
morbid  preparations,  and  it  will  be  rendered  still  more  efficient  by 
the  arrival  of  a  complete  set  of  the  celebrated  pathological  models 
by  Thiebert,  ordered  from  Paris  by  Dr.  Smith.  They  will  be  the 
only  set  in  this  country  on  this  side  of  the  mountains,  and  will  rep- 
resent every  form  of  diseased  structure  more  accurately  than  can  be 
done  by  any  other  mode  of  preparation,  and  are  intended  to  render 
the  lectures  on  surgery  vastly  more  instructive  than  they  could  be 
made  otherwise."  In  1848  we  are  told  that  "During  the  past  ses- 
sion a  considerable  collection  of  French  models  has  been  ordered, 
and  a  large  number  of  drawings  and  casts  have  been  added."  In 
1855  the  Museum  was  placed  in  charge  of  Dr.  Christopher  Johnston, 
Lecturer  on  Experimental  Physiology  and  Microscopy  ("  lately 
returned  from  a  prolonged  residence  abroad  "),  and  an  appropriation 
was  made  for  its  proper  maintenance  in  accordance  with  his  sugges- 
tions. In  1861,  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  Wm.  A.  Hammond,  it 
was  enriched  by  a  collection  of  skulls,  by  French  models,  and  by 
additions  to  the  Materia  Medica  Cabinet.  Microscopes  were  also 
provided,  together  with  one  of  the  largest  collections  of  microscop- 
ical specimens  in  the  country,  containing  specimens  of  all  the  tissues 

'  American. 


44  THE   UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 

and  structures  entering  into  the  composition  of  the  body.  The  next 
year  the  Museum,  "ever  an  object  of  anxious  care  to  the  Faculty," 
received  valuable  osteological  specimens  illustrating  comparative 
anatomy. 

Notwithstanding  the  large  amount  of  labor  and  money  which  are 
shown  to  have  been  expended  on  it,  a  recent  visit  to  the  "  Museum  " 
shows  that  it  is  in  a  lamentable  condition.  A  majority  of  the  speci- 
mens, from  want  of  alcohol  or  absence  of  any  history,  are  worth- 
less. The  writer  counted  between  600  and  700  that  appeared  to  him 
to  be  in  sound  condition  and  of  value.  They  were  chiefly  osteological 
and  embryological,  the  latter  including  some  interesting  double  and 
anencephalous  monsters.  It  was  gratifying  to  find  some  recent  addi- 
tions, proof  that  life  was  not  entirely  extinct  and  evidence  that 
regeneration  was  at  least  possible.  The  announcement  has  recently 
been  made  that  the  "Museum"  has  been  placed  under  the  charge 
of  Dr.  Charles  W.  Mitchell,  Lecturer  on  Pathological  Anatomy, 
whose  thorough  training  at  home  and  abroad  is  a  guarantee  of  his 
fitness  for  the  important  trust.^ 

One  of  the  most  important  events  during  this  period  was  the  erec- 
tion of  the  Baltimore  Infirmary  (or  "  University  Hospital,"  as  it  is 
now  called),  in  1823.^     The  need  of  a  hospital  in  connection  with  the 

'  In  answer  to  a  note  of  inquiry.  Dr.  Mitchell  sent  me  the  following,  dated 
Sept.  29th,  1S88  :  "  The  Museum  of  the  University  has  been  sadly  neglected 
during  the  past  few  years,  but  efforts  are  now  being  made  to  classify  and 
put  in  order  the  specimens  it  contains,  and  additions  are  now  constantly 
made  from  the  dead-houses  of  the  University  and  Bay  View  Hospitals.  The 
material  at  hand  will  be  employed  throughout  the  sessions  in  my  lectures  on 
pathology,  when  fresh  and  preserved  specimens  will  be  exhibited  to  the  class. 
The  Museum  at  present  contains  about  six  hundred  specimens,  consisting  of  new 
growths,  preparations  of  diseased  joints  and  bones,  monstrosities,  illustrations 
of  gross  pathological  lesions  of  viscera,  etc.  The  most  valuable  specimens 
are  those  of  joint  pathology.  I  believe  it  is  proposed  during  the  present 
session  to  transfer  the  collection  from  its  present  location  over  to  the  room 
now  used  for  dissecting.  We  hope  during  the  present  year  to  add  largely  to 
the  usefulness  of  the  Museum  for  the  purposes  of  medical  instruction."  This 
hope  has  not  yet  (Sept.  1890)  been  realized,  and  I  am  informed  that  the  Mu- 
seum remains  still  in  statu  quo. 

2  The  corner-stone  of  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  at  Boston,  was  laid  in 
1S18.  "There  was  no  institution  with  competent  practical  instruction  in  the 
Eastern  section  of  the  United  States  before  this."  {Some  Account  of  the  Medi- 
cal School  in  Boston,  pamph.,  Boston,  1824.)  Pennsylvania  Hospital  was 
erected  in  1752,  and  Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  of  Maryland,  delivered  clinical  lectures 
there  the  ensuing  year — the  first  in  America. 


SECOND    PERIOD.  45 

College  was  early  apparent  to  the  Faculty.  But  clinical  teaching  did 
not  then  occupy  the  prominence  it  does  now.  Students  were  trained 
in  the  offices  of  preceptors,  where  they  saw  patients  and  put  up  the 
prescriptions  ordered  for  them.  Many  of  them  had  already  been 
practitioners  before  entering  upon  a  regular  course  of  instruction.  The 
sessions  were  brief — but  four  months — and  it  was  doubtless  thought 
that  the  student  could  make  a  better  use  of  his  time  in  hearing 
didactic  lectures  and  in  studying  his  books  than  in  attention  to  cases 
of  disease,  with  which  in  the  natural  course  of  things  he  must  soon 
become  familiar,  if  not  already  so.  Therapeutics  also  were  very 
simple  then,  consisting  mainly  of  purgatives,  calomel  and  venesection. 
An  occasional  clinic  was,  however,  given  at  the  Broadway  ("  Mary- 
land ")  Hospital  or  the  Almshouse,  chiefly  surgical  operations.^  Dis- 
pensaries in  connection  with  colleges  do  not  appear  then  to  have 
existed;  that  of  the  University  has,  indeed,  been  only  a  compara- 
tively recent  addition  to  it.  It  is  strange  that  the  idea  of  utilizing  out- 
patient practice  did  not  occur  to  the  early  faculties :  to  us  it  seems 
quite  natural.  The  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  founded  in  1801, 
had  been  in  successful  operation  for  several  years  when  the  College 
of  Medicine  was  instituted.^  Perhaps  it  was  thought  that  the  town 
was  too  small  for  two  dispensaries. 

In  order  to  afford  the  greatest  facilities  of  access  to  students,  the 
lot  adjoining  that  occupied  by  the  University  was  leased  for  the 
hospital.  The  lease  was  dated  July  loth,  1823,  and  was  for  99  years, 
renewable  forever.  It  was  drawn  by  John  S.  Skinner,  in  favor  of 
Professors  Davidge,  Potter,  Hall,  DeButts,  Baker,  McDowell  and 
Pattison,  as  tenants  in  common.^     This  property  was  subject  to  a 

1  In  1812  the  City  Hospital  on  Broadway  had  ico  beds.  Prof.  Gibson  was 
Consulting  Surgeon.  The  centre  building  was  then  completed.  The  Alms- 
house also  furnished  a  considerable  amount  of  clinical  material.  Dr.  James 
Smith  reported  2016  inmates  in  the  Almshouse  during  the  year  1800-1.  (Qui- 
nan's  Antials.) 

^  This  institution  has  always  been  useless  for  clinical  purposes,  the  interests 
of  patients  being  the  sole  object  had  in  view  by  its  managers. 

2  MS.  Records  of  University.  The  Infirmary  lot  "  extended  from  a  point  78 
feet  west  of  the  corner  of  Greene — ran  west  75  feet,  then  south  to  Whiskey 
Alley  174  feet,  then  east  75  feet,  then  north  174  feet."  These  particulars  are 
given  in  the  copy  of  a  mortgage  made  to  John  Sinclair,  March  17th,  1824  (MS. 
Records),  for  ^4800  on  the  Infirmary,  by  the  Professors  above  named.  The 
mortgage  is  payable  Oct.  20th,  1830,  with  interest  from  Oct.  20th,  1823.  An 
effort  was  made  (newspapers  of  the  day)  to  induce  the  city  to  erect  and  main- 


46  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

ground  rent  of  $200,  which  the  lessees  had  (and  still  have)  the  power  to 
extinguish  at  any  time  during  the  lease  by  the  payment  to  the  lessor, 
his  heirs  or  assigns,  of  the  sum  of  $3000,  The  building  was  erected  by 
Mr.  John  Sinclair,  at  a  cost  of  $11, 589  ;  the  furniture,  permanent  and 
movable,  cost  $2520  additional,  making  a  total  of  $14,109.'  This 
amount  was  derived  first  from  the  private  resources  of  the  Professors ; 
when  these  failed,  they  secured  a  loan  of  $7000  from  the  Bank  of  Bal- 
timore. All  this  was  done  by  the  Professors  in  their  individual  and  not 
in  their  corporate  capacity.  The  Infirmary  was  therefore  their  private 
property ;  it  did  not  belong  to  the  Regents,  nor  was  it  under  their 
control,  although  it  was  the  design  to  turn  it  over  ultimately  to  them. 
Notwithstanding  these  circumstances  the  Trustees  afterwards  took 
possession  of  it,  and  not  only  refused  to  pay  the  Professors  for  it,  but 
even  refused  to  allow  them  the  income  derived  from  it. 

The  foundation  of  the  Infirmary  building  was  laid  June  ioth, 
1823,  and  the  institution  was  ready  for  the  reception  of  patients 
September  20th  of  the  same  year.  Only  acute  cases  were  at  first 
admitted.  There  were  four  clinical  lectures  each  week,  two  medical 
and  two  surgical,  and  the  students  were  at  liberty,  if  they  so  desired, 
to  attend  at  the  daily  visits  of  the  physicians  and  surgeons.  There 
were  four  wards,  one  of  which  was  reserved  for  eye  cases,  instruc- 
tion in  ophthalmic  surgery  forming  a  prominent  feature  of  the  course. 
There  were  two  resident  students,  each  of  whom  was  required  to 
pay  $300  per  annum,  in  advance,  for  board,  washing,  etc.  It  was 
calculated  that  the  building  would  accommodate  160  patients,  but 
this  was  doubtless  an  exaggerated  estimate  of  its  capacity.  The 
visits  of  the  medical  and  surgical  staff  were  paid  at  noon  daily,  and 
the  resident  students  were  required  to  accompany  the  professors  in 
their  rounds.  The  histories  of  patients  were  written  out  on  admis- 
sion by  the  house  students  and  read  at  the  next  visit  of  the  medical 
attendant.  The  charge  to  patients  was  $3  per  week,  which  included 
everything.  No  operations  were  allowed  to  be  performed  without 
consultation.  The  operating  theatre  ^  was  in  the  rear,  but  attached 
to  the  main  building.  It  was  surrounded  by  elevated  seats  "  capable 
of  accommodating   several  hundred  students."     One  of  the  early 

tain  the  Infirmary  as  a  public  institution,  but  the  authorities  thought  that  an 
almshouse  was  needed  and  not  a  hospital,  and  accordingly  they  built  the 
former, 

IMS.  Records  of  University. 

2  Until  recently  used  as  a  chapel. 


SECOND    PERIOD.  47 

regulations  was  that  the  bible  should  be  read  each  day,  audibly  in 
in  each  ward.  The  Governor  of  Maryland  was  the  President  of  the 
institution,  and  the  Mayor  of  Baltimore  Vice-President;  a  number 
of  prominent  citizens  constituted  its  Board  of  Managers,  and  the 
Examining  Board  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Mary- 
land were  ex-officio  consulting  physicians  and  surgeons.' 

The  growth  of  the  classes,  which  bad  been  slow  up  to  the  close 
of  the  war  with  Great  Britain,  began  to  show  a  steady  increase  after 
1815.  From  1820  to  1825  the  increase  was  enormous.  The  latter 
has  been  considered  the  banner-year  of  the  University,  that  in  which 
it  had  the  largest  class  ever  known  in  its  history.  It  is  very  hard  to 
state  precisely  the  number  of  students  during  the  session  of  1824-5. 
The  Dean  himself  acknowledged  that  he  did  not  know,  and  for  the 
reason  that  many  attended  lectures  who  never  matriculated.  Accord- 
ing to  Niks'  Register  it  was  303 ;  Professor  Potter  estimates  it  even 
higher,  320.^  It  will  have  been  observed  that  there  was  no  break  in 
the  continuity  of  the  sessions  on  account  of  the  war  with  Great 
Britain,  nor  has  there  ever  been  one,  from  any  cause,  since  the 
opening  of  the  school.' 

In  the  early  portion  of  this  period,  from  181 2  to  i8i7,the  graduates 
were  required  to  publish  their  theses,  but  in  the  latter  year  the 
custom  ceased,  although  required  by  the  letter  of  the  charter.^  The 
circumstances  of  the  case  seem  to  render  such  a  regulation  imprac- 
ticable. Some  of  the  printed  theses  are  still  extant  and  are  very 
creditable  productions.  The  writing  of  a  thesis  has  been  altogether 
dispensed  with  for  some  years  past ;  and  well  it  may  be,  for  it  is 
a  useless  regulation  and  one  liable  to  great  abuse,  and  the  personal 
examinations,  which  are  now  being  conducted  with  steadily  increasing 

1  Announcement  in  newspapers  of  the  day.  By  the  end  of  the  first  decade 
four  more  wards  had  been  added  and  the  number  of  beds  was  90.  There  were 
60-70  patients  on  an  average,  and  four  resident  students.  For  the  first  few 
years  the  income  of  the  Infirmary  fell  below  the  expenses,  but  in  1830  there 
was  a  net  revenue  of  $2000.  The  Gray  bequest  yielded  $300  per  annum,  and 
the  Marine  Department  (sailors)  $4000  per  annum.  (Notes  by  Prof.  Hall, 
March  11,  1838,  MS.  Records  of  University.) 

-  Potter's  Sketch.  The  University  of  Pennsylvania  had  this  year  480  students, 
and  Transylvania  235,  all  the  other  schools  less.     Harvard  had  loi  in  1823-4. 

^This  cannot  be  said  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

•*The  same  regulation  prevailed  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  until 
1805  and  seems  to  be  still  in  vogue  in  the  Universities  of  the  continent  of 
Europe. 


48  THE   UNIVERSITY    OF    MARYLAND. 

Strictness,  indicate  better  than  any  other  means  the  acquirements  of 
candidates  for  the  degree. 

The  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  continued  to  be  given,  in 
accordance  with  the  charter  of  1812,  after  one  year's  attendance  on 
lectures  and  examination,  but  the  number  of  those  applying  for  it 
appears  to  have  been  exceedingly  small,  one  or  two  each  year ;  it 
never  became  popular,  most  of  the  graduates  preferring  to  remain 
through  two  sessions  and  take  the  full  degree.  Honorary  degrees 
were  also  conferred  at  the  annual  commencements  on  certain  physi- 
cians, who,  by  their  attainments,  professional  standing  and  length  of 
service,  seemed  to  merit  the  honor.  Among  the  most  distinguished 
of  these  was  Ephraim  McDowell,  the  ovariotomist,  who  received  the 
honorary  M.  D.  in  1825. 

Ephraim  McDowell  was  born  in  Va.,  in  177 1,  of  Scotch-Irish  parentage. 
Was  taken  to  Kentucky  by  his  parents  when  an  infant.  Attended  the  Univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh  1793-4.  His  first  ovariotomy  was  performed  in  1809 ;  he 
operated  thirteen  times,  with  eight  cures,  four  deaths,  and  one  failure  from 
adhesions.  Died  1830,  aet.  58.  He  wrote  only  two  short  articles  descriptive 
of  his  operations,  in  the  Philadelphia  Medical  Repertory,  1817  and  1819.  (See 
Gross'  Biog.  Sketch.) 

The  commencements  during  this  period  were  held  in  Anatomical 
and  Chemical  Halls.  The  following  interesting  description  of  one 
of  them  (April  23,  1823)  is  given  in  the  American:  "Chemical 
Hall  was  fitted  up  very  handsomely  for  the  occasion,  and  crowded 
at  an  early  hour  by  a  highly  respectable  audience,  made  infinitely 
more  interesting  by  much  of  the  youth  and  beauty  of  the  city  and 
neighborhood,  the  gay  decorations  of  whose  dresses  relieved  the 
sombre  solemnity  of  the  sqene,  and  produced  a  charm  and  an  interest 
which  the  society  and  approbation  of  woman  alone  can  impart. 
The  procession  entered  the  hall  at  11  o'clock,  and  took  possession  of 
the  seats  allotted  to  them.  First  the  graduates,  two  and  two — the 
Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Divinity,  followed  by  the  Professors,  two  and 
two,  the  Dean  of  the  Faculty  oi  Law,  followed  by  Professors  in  the 
same  manner,  the  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  a7id  Sciences, 
attended  in  the  same  way.  Then  the  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Physic. 
On  Professor  Davidge  (the  father  of  the  institution)  and  Professor 
Pattison  making  their  appearance,  they  were  received  with  three 
distinct  bursts  of  applause  by  the  whole  assembly.  The  Reverend, 
the  Provost,  followed   the  Professors  and   the  Regents  closed  the 


PROFESSOR   WILLIAM  POWER, 
At  the  age  of  10 


>^^* 


c,^\ 


a\\ti  CbiVur^J^ 


L1BBAB,Y 


.^cultioim^ 


m 


SECOND    PERIOD.  49 

procession.  The  Professors  having  taken  their  chairs  with  their 
respected  Dean  (Dr.  DeButts)  at  the  head  of  the  table,  Dr. 
De Butts  read  the  '•Mandamus'  and  the  Right  Rev.  Bishop  fol- 
lowed by  prayer.  The  young  gentlemen  were  then  asked  a  few 
questions  by  the  learned  body,  touching  the  subject  of  the  different 
theses;  and  having  received  their  degrees,  the  commencement  con- 
cluded with  solemnity."  The  paper  goes  on  to  speak  in  compli- 
mentary terms  of  the  appearance  and  conduct  of  the  students,  which 
were  such  that  the  mere  fact  of  being  a  student  at  the  University 
"  is  considered  by  our  best  society  as  a  sufficient  passport  to  their 
houses  and  hospitality."  It  was  no  wonder,  then,  that  the  commu- 
nity felt  the  deepest  interest  in  the  prosperity  of  their  leading  insti- 
tution, and  contemplated  "  with  pride  and  exultation  "  the  high  rank 
to  which  it  had  attained — a  rank  second  to  none  other,  at  least  in 
the  New  World. 

In  1822  Professor  David  Hoffman,  LL.  D.,  a  lawyer  of  learning 
and  ability,  gave  notice  of  his  intention  to  deliver  a  course  of  lectures 
in  the  department  of  Law.  The  course  did  not  actually  begin  until 
the  following  year,  when  a  circumstance  occurred  which  favored  its 
successful  inauguration.  This  was  the  sudden  death,  August  ist, 
1823,  of  Judge  Dorsey,  who  had  a  large  and  successful  law  school 
then  in  operation.  Professor  Hoffman  lectured  daily,  and  designed 
establishing  a  two-year  course  of  ten  m-onths"  each.^  This  depart- 
ment received  only  indifferent  patronage,  although  it  was  aided 
largely  by  the  University  funds.  Professor  Hoffman  sold  his  law 
library  and  furniture  to  the  Trustees,  but  for  some  reason  failed  to 
deliver  them,  probably  because  he  felt  that  he  had  some  unsatisfied 
claim  against  the  institution  for  money  advanced.  He  ceased  to  lec- 
ture before  the  close  of  1832.  On  the  i6th  of  April,  1833,  proceed- 
ings ("  action  of  trover  ")  were  begun  against  him  by  the  Trustees, 
with  a  view  to  recover  the  library  and  furniture,  but  he  gave  bail 
and  left  for  Europe  without  having  delivered  either.  Judgment  was 
obtained  against  him  in  the  Baltimore  County  Court,  but  it  still 
remained  "  unsatisfied  "  when  the  University  was  restored  to  the 
Regents  in  April,  1839.^     After  the  cessation  of  Professor  Hoffman's 

'  Fed.  Gaz.,  Oct.  i,  1824. 

^MS.  Records  of  University.  In  1826  the  Legislature,  having  assumed  con- 
trol of  the  affairs  of  the  University,  undertook  to  direct  the  application  of  the 
balance  of  the  $140,000  authorized  by  the  Lottery  acts.  It  appropriated 
$14,000  to  the  department  of  Law,  that  sum  being  considered  a  due  proportion 


50  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

lectures  there  was  no   attempt    to  revive  the  department  of  Law 
until  1869. 

The  close  of  this  period,  otherwise  so  distinguished  in  the  number 
and   importance  of  its  events,  was  further  signalized  by  a  duel  in 
which  one  of  the  Faculty  participated.     Our  knowledge  of  this  aifair 
depends  almost  entirely  upon  tradition,  although  some  facts  relating 
to  it  have  been  derived  from  those  who  were  contemporaries  of  the 
participants  and  placed  in  positions  which  gave  them  opportunities 
to  learn  the  truth  with  regard  to  it.     The  failure  of  Prof  Pattison  to 
get  the  much-coveted  chair  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  led  to 
estrangement  between  him  and  the  professors  there,  which  gradually 
deepened  into  open  rupture  and  hostility.     Prof  Nathaniel  Chap- 
man, for  some  reason,  became  the  particular  object  of  his  aversion. 
His  removal  to  Baltimore  and  the  honor  of  the  chair  of  Surgery  in 
the  University  of  Maryland  served  only  to  fan  the  embers  of  his 
wrath,  which  seemed  ready  to  burst  forth  on  the  slightest  provoca- 
tion.    On  the  I2th  of  October,  1820,  he  wrote  to  Chapman,  asking  if 
the  latter  was  responsible  for  the  statement  that  the  former  was  the 
author  of  an  anonymous  letter  received  the  previous  winter  by  Chap- 
man through  Dr.    Eberle.     He   demanded  an  immediate  answer. 
Chapman  made  no  reply.     Pattison  determined  to  proceed  to  Phila- 
delphia at   once   for  the   purpose  of  demanding   satisfaction,  and 
sought  the  aid  of  Dr.  Patrick  Macaulay,  of  Baltimore,  as  his  second. 
By  Dr.  Macaulay's  advice  he  postponed  his  departure,  and  on  the 
17th  Macaulay  addressed    Chapman  by  letter.      He  told  him  that 
the  letter  which  Pattison  had  sent  had  been  written  by  his  advice; 
that  he  had  twice  persuaded  Pattison  to  delay  going  to  Philadelphia, 
and  he  now  asked  for  some  explanation  as  to  Chapman's  conduct 
and  intentions.     To  this  letter  Chapman  replied  on  the  19th.     He 
began  with  an  account  of  Pattison's  candidacy  for  the  chair  of  Sur- 
gery in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  A  vacancy  had  occurred  in  the 
chair  of  Anatomy  there,  by  the  death  of  Professor  Dorsey,  to  which 
Professor  Physick  had  been  transferred  by  the  Trustees,  May  ist, 
1819.     This  transfer,  which  was  made  against  the  wishes  of  Physick, 
was  designed  to  open  a  way  for  Gibson.    Pattison  had  been  apprised 

of  the  whole  amount.  Of  the  $14,000,  $5000  were  paid  to  the  Professor  of 
Law  for  his  law  library,  and  the  balance  was  invested,  with  a  view  to  the  sub- 
sequent erection  of  necessary  buildings.  Meanwhile,  a  building  was  secured 
for  temporary  use  at  an  annual  rental  of  $400.  {Joint  Metnorial  of  Trustees  of 
University  and  Baltimore  College,  to  the  Legislature,  1830.     Pmpht.) 


SECOND    PERIOD.  5I 

of  this  action  by  his  brother,  who  then  resided  in  Philadelphia,  and 
had  been  advised  by  him  to  become  a  candidate  for  the  position. 
Accordingly  he  forwarded  his  application  and  letters  of  recommen- 
dation. On  the  vote  being  taken  he  was  defeated,  Physick  and 
Chapman  strenuously  supporting  Gibson.  He  was  notified  of  his 
defeat  on  landing  in  New  York.  He  now  settled  in  Philadelphia, 
opened  a  private  school,  and  sought  to  secure  some  position  in 
the  University.  He  at  this  time  declined  a  chair  at  Transylvania 
University  (with  a  salary  of  $1500),  to  which  he  had  been  regularly 
elected,  and  also  an  offer  fi;om  Baltimore.  He  received  many  atten- 
tions from  the  profession  in  Philadelphia  and  his  prospects  for 
advancement  seemed  bright.  But  his  arbitrary  manner,  and  a  claim 
to  anatomical  discoveries  which  were  found  to  belong  to  another, 
estranged  his  new-found  friends,  and  he  was  forced,  a  few  months  after 
his  arrival,  to  accept  the  Baltimore  offer,  which  still  remained  open  to 
him.  Chapman  went  on  to  speak  of  the  motives  which  led  Pattison 
to  leave  his  native  country.  He  said  that  it  was  in  consequence  of 
an  odious  deed  and  an  incensed  public  opinion ;  that  he  had  seen  the 
proof  of  a  trial  in  which  Dr.  Ure,  one  of  Pattison's  colleagues  in  the 
Andersonian  Institution,  at  Glasgow,  had  obtained  a  divorce  from  his 
wife  on  the  ground  of  improper  relations  with  Pattison.^  For  these  and 
other  reasons  Chapman  refused  to  have  any  intercourse  with  Pattison. 
On  the  receipt  of  this  letter  by  Macaulay,  Pattison's  rage  knew  no 
bounds.  On  the  23d  he  went  to  Philadelphia  and  posted  Chapman  as 
a  liar,  coward  and  scoundrel.  He  was  forthwith  arrested,  but  after  a 
short  detention  was  released.  Chapman  claimed  that  it  was  through 
his  influence  and  intercession  that  he  was  set  free.  Pattison  vigorously 
defended  himself  against  the  charges  that  had  been  brought  against 
him.  He  endeavored  to  shield  himself  by  attacking  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  court  in  Edinburgh  before  which  the  case  had  been  tried  and 
by  making  it  appear  that  the  difficulty  was  merely  one  between  the 
rival  schools  of  Baltimore  and  Philadelphia.  He  had  the  good 
fortune  and  address  to  enlist  the  sympathy  of  his  colleagues  and  a 
large  part  of  the  community  here  in  his  behalf,  and  presenting  his  side 
of  the  case  to  a  committee  of  prominent  citizens  he  was  exonerated 

^  In  September,  1821,  Chapman  published  an  "  Official  Transcript  of  Proceed- 
ings in  Case  of  Divorce  of  Andrew  Ure,  M.  D.,  v.  Catherine  Ure  for  Adultery' 
with  G.  S.  P."     This  trial  took  place  January  30th,  1819,  in  the  Consistory 
Court  at  Edinburgh,    The  documents  are  in  the  Md.  Histor.  Society's  Library 
and  can  there  be  consulted  by  any  one  who  desires  to  do  so. 


52  THE  UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND, 

from  all  blame.  At  this  time  (according  to  his  own  statement) 
Pattison  was  not  twenty-eight  years  old,  and  claimed  not  to  be  "a 
professed  duelist."*  Chapman  endeavored  to  justify  his  declination 
of  the  challenge  in  a  pamphlet  which  he  published  in  November, 
1820.  He  said  that  he  had  received  no  formal  challenge,  but 
even  if  he  had,  the  disparity  of  age,'^  the  inequality  of  social  con- 
dition, the  claims  of  a  numerous  family,  and  the  obligations  imposed 
by  his  public  station,  would  have  prevented  his  acceptance.  "  It 
really  would  seem,"  he  added,  "under  any  circumstances,  not  quite 
fit  to  have  introduced  my  course  of  lectures  with  the  spectacle  of 
a  duel.  The  parents  and  friends  of  the  several  hundred  young 
men  confided  to  our  care  require  of  us  very  different  things,  and 
assuredly  had  I  yielded  on  this  occasion  I  should  have  had  to 
encounter  the  heaviest  censure,  and  perhaps  a  more  decisive  step 
from  those  discreet  and  elevated  men  under  whom  I  have  the  honor 
to  hold  my  appointment.  With  Mr.  Pattison  it  is  entirely  different. 
He  is  an  adventurer  with  a  tainted  reputation  which  he  hoped  to 
repair,"  etc.  The  discussion,  thus  begun,  was  continued  for  some 
time.  Among  others  Professor  Gibson  took  part  in  it,  handling 
roughly  Pattison's  claims  to  anatomical  discovery.  But  it  was  not 
till  four  years  after  Pattison's  arrival  in  America  that  this  diffi- 
culty involved  anything  more  serious  than  a  battle  of  words.® 

The  Cadwaladers,  of  Philadelphia,  have  been  distinguished  for 
their  standing  and  courage  for  two  hundred  years.  The  first  of  the 
name  emigrated  from  Wales,  where  he  occupied  a  respectable  posi- 
tion among  the  middle  class.  The  next  was  a  physician  of  eminence. 
General  John  Cadwalader  of  the  third  generation  was  a  gallant 
soldier  of  the  Revolution  and  the  trusted  friend  of  Washington.  He 

^  Pattison's  career  in  Baltimore  was  not  a  very  reputable  one  in  a  moral  point 
of  view.  He  led  a  "gay"  life  and  so  undermined  his  health  thereby  that 
when  he  left  here  his  recovery  was  considered  doubtful.  He  is  said  to  have 
"  taken  so  much  mercury  that  he  was  afraid  to  take  hold  of  the  door-bells,  for 
fear  of  an  electric  shock  "  (statement  of  a  gentleman  still  living).  There  are 
traditions  still  extant  of  his  amours  with  ladies  of  fashion. 

2  Yet  Chapman  was  only  a  little  over  forty  at  this  time,  having  been  born 
May  28th,  1780. 

3  Pattison's  own  statement  in  the  Lancet.  This  is  the  nearest  approach  to  the 
•exact  date  of  the  duel  that  I  have  been  able  to  find  and  would  indicate  that  it 

occurred  about  1823.  The  newspapers,  as  far  as  my  investigations  have  gone» 
are  entirely  silent  regarding  this  affair,  and  there  is  no  mention  of  it  in  works 
professing  to  give  an  account  of  American  duels. 


SECOND   PERIOD.  53 

fought  a  duel  with  General  Conway,  the  leader  of  the  cabal  against 
Washington,  on  the  4th  of  July,  1778.  The  result  was  that  Cadwal- 
ader  escaped  unhurt,  but  Conway  received  a  wound  in  the  mouth 
which  was  supposed  to  be  mortal,  and  believing  himself  to  be  dying, 
he  made  a  full  confession  of  his  guilt.  General  Thomas  Cadwalader, 
a  son  of  the  last,  was  born  October  28th,  1779,  and  died  October 
31st,  1841.  Upon  him  devolved  the  duty  of  maintaining  the  honor 
of  his  native  city  against  our  belligerent  Scotchman.  He  and  Pro- 
fessor Chapman  were  brothers-in-law,  having  both  married  daughters 
of  Col.  Clement  Biddle,  and  he  became  accidentally  involved  by 
resenting  an  insult  offered  to  Chapman  by  Pattison  in  his  presence. 
The  result  was  a  challenge  and  a  hostile  meeting,  of  which  few  of  the 
particulars  have  come  down  to  us.  The  duel  took  place  somewhere 
in  Delaware  and  both  parties  displayed  great  coolness  and  unflinch- 
ing courage.  Cadwalader  was  severely  wounded,  the  ball  of  his 
opponent's  pistol  entering  his  "  pistol  arm"  near  the  wrist,  traversing 
the  entire  length  of  the  forearm  and  lodging  in  the  head  of  the  ulna; 
it  remained  there  throughout  his  life,  causing  great  irritation,  impair- 
ing his  health  and  it  was  thought  actually  shortening  his  life.  Pat- 
tison escaped  without  injury,  but  a  ball  passed  through  the  skirt  of 
his  coat  near  the  waist. 

An  interesting  episode  of  these  years  was  the  conferring  of  an 
honorary  academic  degree  upon  an  eminent  foreigner.  In  1824 
Lafayette  visited  America.  His  progress  was  one  continued  series 
of  ovations,  and  each  section  vied  with  the  others  in  its  efforts  to 
heap  the  greatest  amount  of  honors  upon  the  nation's  benefactor 
and  guest — the  distinguished  Frenchman.  The  authorities  of  the 
University,  as  the  leading  school  in  the  city,  determined  to  confer 
upon  him  a  literary  title.  Accordingly  he  was  invited  to  visit  the 
institution  on  the  9th  of  October,  1824,  and  there,  in  Anatomical 
Hall,  in  the  presence  of  a  noted  assembly,  he  received  from  the 
hands  of  Right  Reverend  Bishop  Kemp,  Provost,  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.  D.,  "  with  a  diploma  and  a  handsome  silver  box  in 
which  to  enclose  it."  He  made  "a  feeling  reply,"  and  was  then 
shown  over  the  buildings.' 

'  Federal  Gazette.  This  appears  to  have  been  the  first  instance  of  the  con- 
ferring of  this  degree  ;  among  those  who  received  it  later  were  Hons.  John  P. 
Kennedy,  Reverdy  Johnson,  George  W.  Dobbin  and  Wm.  Pinckney  Whyte. 
The  first  hon.  M.  D.  and  D.  D.  were  given  in  1818,  the  first  hon.  A.  M.  in  1823. 
The  hon.  non-medical  degrees  have  been  given  very  rarely. 


54  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

A  few  words  regarding  the  diploma  of  the  University  seem  best 
suited  for  this  place.  The  same  diploma  has  been  in  use  from  the 
beginning,  altered  only  to  conform  to  the  changed  conditions  conse- 
quent upon  the  conversion  of  the  College  into  a  University  in  1812. 
The  following  is  a  copy  of  one  of  the  diplomas  conferred  in  1812: 

Collegium  Medicince  Terrcs  Maries 
Omnibus  ad  guos  hcB  Uteres  pervenerint, 

Salutem. 
Quum  vir  ornatus  et  summis  animi  dotibiis  instruchis,  Corbineus 
Amos,  postquajn  pleno  gradu  arti  mediccs  studuisset,  nos  honores 
academicos  poposcerit,  segue  periculum  sui  facer e  iyi  rebus  medicis 
parahim  ostender'it,  per  universam  eum.  viedicinam  examhiavimus. 
In  quo  periculo  C7im  scientiarum  ac  medendi  artis  se  ab^mde  peritum 
probaverit,  nos  dictum  Corbineum  Amos  Medicince  Doctorem  cre- 
andum  et  declarandum  ce7isuim.us,  eumque  Medicince  Doctorem 
creavimus  et  declaravimus,  et  his  Uteris  Doctorem  constituiimis, 
atq2ie  apud  omnes  haberi  et  appellari  vohiimus,  eique  facultatem 
plenissimam  damus  de  re  medica  docendi  et  consultandi,  et  deniqice 
tam  medicines  theoreticcs  quam  practices  munera  ubictmque  terrarum 
exercendi  et  omnes  simtd  honores,  et  jura  et  privilegia,  ei  concedi- 
vius,  qziee  medicines  Doctori  usquam  gentium,  conceduntur. 

In  quorum,  fidem  Uteris  hisce  sigillo  CoUegii  comvnini  muniiis 
no7nina  nostra  stibscripsimus. 

Datjim  Urbe  Baltimoriensi  Mensis  Mali  die  quarto  Anno  Dojnini 
MDCCCXII 

Carolus  a.  Warfield,  Presses. 

Joannes  B.  DaVIDGE,  M.  D.  ^  Profess.  Anat.  ei  Chirurg. 

Jacobus  Cocke,  M.  D.  J  ^^  Physiol,  simui  docentes. 

Elisha  DeButts,  M.  D.,  Chimiee  Profess. 
Nathaniel  Potter,  M.D.,  Theoreticee  Medicines 

et  Praxeos  Prof. 
Samuel  Baker,  M.  D.,  Profess.  Mat.  Med.' 

After  1812,  "Collegium  Medicinse  "  becomes  "Academia,"  and 
the  name  of  the  "  Praeses  "  is  omitted,  whilst  the  names  of  the  Pro- 
vost and  the  professors  in  the  other  departments  are  added.     The 

iThis  diploma  is  still  in  existence  and  in  a  perfect  state  of  preservation. 
Dr.  Warfield,  b.  1751,  d.  1813,  was  the  leader  in  the  burning  of  the  Peggy 
Stewart,  at  Annapolis,  at  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution. 


SECOND   PERIOD.  55 

earlier  instrument  is  accompanied  by  a  large  oval  seal,  containing 
the  impression  of  a  winged  and  semi-nude  female,  who  appears  to 
be  officiating  at  an  altar  upon  which  there  are  serpents.  The  margin 
'  of  the  seal  contains  the  words  "  Sigillum  Commune  Collegii,"  etc.^ 

We  approach  now  a  period  in  the  history  of  the  University  of 
extreme  interest — one  in  which  chartered  rights  w-ere  ignored  by 
our  highest  legislative  tribunal,  private  property  seized  and  held  in 
defiance  of  the  protest  of  owners,  and  the  principle  gravely  asserted 
that  what  the  Legislature  has  created  it  has  the  right  to  destroy. 
This  may  appear  to  be  exaggerated  language,  but  a  statement  of  the 
facts  will  show  that  it  is  not. 

Prior  to  this  event  there  were  differences  in  the  Faculty  which  the 
opposite  party  endeavored  afterwards  to  represent  as  most  threat- 
ening to  the  welfare,  if  not  to  the  existence,  of  the  University.  It 
was  said  that  the  institution  was  ruled  now  by  one  faction,  now 
by  another;  that  the  factions  were  more  intent  upon  securing  the 
advantage  of  each  other  than  upon  advancing  the  welfare  of  the 
University ;  that  there  was  no  system  or  discipline,  and  that 
the  medical  department  used  all  the  funds  in  its  own  mainte- 
nance, ignoring  completely  the  other  departments,  which  yet  were 
coequal  with  it  and  which  the  State  designed  should  progress /a^^'z 
pass2c  with  it.  A  crisis  was  reached  under  the  following  circum- 
stances :  Prof.  Davidge  had  always  taken  private  students,  by  whom 
he  was  much  venerated  and  beloved.^  He  had  evening  "  conversa- 
tional meetings  "  at  his  residence,  which  were  very  popular  and  well 
attended.  Lately  he  had  associated  Prof.  DeButts  with  himself  in 
these  extra-mural  courses.^  There  may  have  been  a  tinge  of  jealousy 
in  the  feeling  with  which  Professors  Davidge  and  DeButts'  private 
courses  were  regarded  by  the  other  members  of  the  Faculty.  The 
grounds  of  opposition,  however,  were  stated  to  be  these :  that  they 
were  unauthorized  by  the  Regents ;  that  they  imposed  double  fees 
and  double  duties ;    and  that  those   in   charge   assumed  to  teach 

'  The  diploma  was  probably  copied  from  that  of  some  European  school, 
most  likely  Edinburgh  University. 

-"His  affectionate  regard  for  the  pupils."  The  Fed.  Gaz.  calls  him  the 
"  Father  of  the  University."     1S24. 

"These  courses  were  called  "Medical  and  Chymical  Conversations."  The 
class  became  so  large  in  1824  that  it  could  not  be  accommodated  in  the  private 
offices,  and  Craig's  schoolroom  was  engaged  for  its  meetings.  The  "  con- 
versations "  were  held  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday  nights.  [Fed.  Gazette, 
Oct.  20,  1824.) 


56  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

branches  prescribed  to  their  colleagues  and  thus  came  into  conflict 
with  the  latter,  creating  parties  and  fomenting  dissensions  among 
the  pupils.^  The  majority,  feeling  that  their  prerogatives  were 
infringed  upon,  appealed  to  the  Regents  for  redress.  The  Board 
of  Regents  decided  against  the  minority  and  unanimously  resolved 
"  that  no  professor  should,  during  the  session  of  the  classes,  deliver 
any  lecture  to  the  pupils  of  the  College  and  receive  compensation 
therefor,  except  officially  ex  catkedrd."'^  This  decision  naturally 
gave  great  umbrage  to  the  two  professors  for  whom  it  was  intended, 
who  declared  that  they  were  restricted  in  their  rights.  They  did  not 
allow  the  matter  to  rest  here.  A  movement  was  secretly  set  on  foot 
with  a  view  to  turning  over  the  University  to  the  control  of  the  state. 
Prof  Potter  gives  a  graphic  picture  of  his  first  discovery  of  this 
scheme.  He  had  gone  down  to  Annapolis,  in  company  with  Prof. 
DeButts,  to  look  after  some  matter  in  the  Legislature  pertaining  to 
the  University.^  They  had  spent  ten  days  there,  performing  the 
duties  assigned  them.  On  the  eve  of  his  departure  for  home,  Prof. 
Potter  learned  of  the  proposition  to  change  the  government  of  the 
school.  He  was  "  surprised  and  mortified."  No  intimation  of  such 
a  design  had  ever  been  made  to  the  Faculty  or  Regents.  He 
"  expressed  his  abhorrence  to  his  colleague,  who  was  silent."  He 
deferred  his  departure  and  remained  several  days  at  Annapolis. 
DeButts  was  represented  as  the  prime  mover  in  the  scheme.  There 
were  several  plans  ,afloat  and  the  minds  of  members  were  not  at 
all  made  up  as  to  the  best  one.  In  one  respect  he  found  them, 
however,  quite  unanimous,  and  that  was  in  the  most  irreconcilable 
prejudice  against  the  Regents  and  Faculty.  In  this  crisis  Prof. 
Potter  appealed  to  the  city's  representatives.  These  were  divided 
in  sentiment,  one,  Mr.  B.  C.  Howard,  advocating  the  change  on  the 
ground  of  expediency,  the  other,  Mr.  John  S.  Tyson,  opposing  it  as' 
unconstitutional.  The  Speaker  took  the  remarkable  position — in 
which  he  was  seconded  by  some  members — that  whatever  the  Legis- 
lature had  the  power  to  create  it  had  also  the  right  to  destroy.  In 
such  a  frame  of  mind  the  result  was  not  doubtful.  The  joint  com- 
mittee of  the  two  houses  brought  in  a  bill,  and  notwithstanding  the 
adverse  opinion  of  the  highest  legal  authorities  it  passed  both 
branches  of  the  Legislature. 

'  Potter's  Sketch.  -  Idem. 

^Probably  to  oppose  the  granting  of  a  charter  for  the  founding  of  Wash- 
ington College.     See  further  on. 


GEORGE  WARNER  MILTENBERGER,  M  D. 
Professor  of  Obstetrics. 


LIBRARY 

^/ty  of  m^-f"^^ 


SECOND    PERIOD.  57 

It  is  not  necessary  to  give  the  full  text  of  this  act.  The  preamble 
reads,  "Whereas,  experience  has  shown  that  the  public  good,  and 
the  proper  government  and  discipline  of  the  University  of  Maryland, 
require  important  alterations  in  the  act  of  incorporation,  therefore, 
etc."  The  Board  of  Regents  is  abolished  and  the  members  of  the 
several  Faculties,  except  professors,'  discontinued.  The  government 
of  the  institution  is  transferred  to  a  board  of  twenty-one  Trustees, 
upon  whom  are  conferred  all  the  duties  and  powers  previously 
belonging  to  the  Regents,  and  who  are  made  responsible  "  for  all 
debts  due  by  the  University,"  and  "  for  contracts  heretofore  made 
by  the  said  Regents,"  just  as  the  latter  had  previously  been.^  The 
Governor  of  the  state  is  made  ex-officio  President  of  the  Board, 
which  has  the  power  to  appoint  and  dismiss  the  Provost,  professors 
and  lecturers  at  pleasure.  In  case  of  a  vacancy  in  any  professorship 
the  remaining  professors  are  required  each  to  nominate  a  successor, 
but  the  Board  are  not  restricted  in  their  choice  to  such  nominations. 
The  pecuniary  affairs  of  the  institution  are  placed  unreservedly  in 
their  hands  and  they  control  all  expenditures.  Vacancies  in  the 
Board  are  to  be  filled  by  appointment  of  the  Governor.  It  is 
expressly  stipulated  that  the  Medical  Faculty  and.  their  successors 
are  not  to  be  exonerated  from  the  payment  of  the  interest  upon  the 
$30,000  loan  of  1821.^ 

The  Regents  did  not  submit  quietly  to  these  proceedings  of  the 
Legislature.  The  act  was  passed  March  6th,  1826.  On  the  17th  of 
the  same  month  a  regular  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Regents  was 
held,  at  which  a  resolution  was  adopted,  with  but  one  dissenting 
voice,  that  a  committee  of  five  should  be  appointed  to  obtain  the 
opinion  of  counsel  upon  the  constitutionality  of  the  act.  Another 
resolution  was  unanimously  adopted,  directing  the  committee,  if  the 
opinion  should  be  that  it  was  unconstitutional,  to  prepare  an  address 

'This  did  away  with  all  the  Law  Faculty  except  Prof.  Hoffman,  with  the 
Divinity  Faculty  entirely  or  with  one  exception,  and  with  an  uncertain  number 
of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 

^  The  names  of  the  Trustees  appointed  were  :  John  Eager  Howard,  Theo- 
dorick  Bland,  Stevenson  Archer,  Thomas  B.  Uorsey,  Roger  B.  Taney,  Robert 
Smith,  Ezekiel  F.  Chambers,  Robert  Gilmor,  Dennis  Claude,  James  Steuart, 
Reverdy  Johnson,  John  P.  K.  Henshaw,  James  Thomas,  George  Roberts,  Bene- 
dict J.  Semmes,  John  Nelson,  John  C.  Herbert,  Nathaniel  Williams,  Isaac 
McKim,  Henry  Wilkins  and  William  Frick.  Among  these  are  some  of  the 
most  distinguished  names  in  the  history  of  the  state. 

^  From  MS.  certified  copy  of  act  in  the  Records  of  University. 


58  THE   UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 

to  the  Governor  and  to  the  Trustees,  informing  them,  of  the  fact, 
and  requesting  them  to  defer  acting  until  the  act  could  be  recon- 
sidered by  the  Legislature,  and  in  the  event  of  the  Trustees  deter- 
mining to  proceed,  to  adopt  such  legal  measures  as  might  be  deemed 
necessary  to  resist  the  operation  of  the  act.' 

In  accordance  with  their  instructions  the  committee^  selected 
William  Wirt,  the  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States,  John 
Purviance  and  Daniel  Webster,  as  the  counsel  to  be  consulted,  whose 
opinion  was  rendered  May  21st,  1826.  This  document  reviews  the 
career  of  the  University  from  its  foundation  in  1807,  showing  that  it 
began  without  funds,  that  it  was  maintained  upon  the  individual 
credit  of  the  professors,  who,  disappointed  in  the  receipts  of  the 
lotteries,  were  compelled  to  borrow  large  sums  from  the  banks  in 
order  to  meet  the  expense  connected  with  the  purchase  of  ground 
and  the  erection  of  buildings,  and  that  the  act  of  1825  changes  the 
entire  government  of  the  University  without  its  assent  or  approval. 
After  a  careful  and  deliberate  consideration  they  had  no  hesitation 
in  giving  it  as  their  decided  opinion  that  the  late  act  was  a  manifest 
violation  of  the  rights  created  by  the  original  acts  of  1807  and  181 2, 
and  a  direct  infringement  of  that  article  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  which  forbids  any  state  from  passing  a  law  impairing 
the  obligation  of  contracts.^ 

Having  obtained  this  opinion,  the  committee  of  the  Regents  pro- 
ceeded on  the  22d  of  May — before  the  corporation  of  the  Trustees 
had  gone  into  operation — to  communicate  it  formally  to  the  Gover- 
nor and  to  each  of  the  Trustees,  requesting  a  suspension  of  action 
on  their  part  until  the  next  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  when  appli- 
cation would  be  made  for  its  repeal.  "  Should  it  be  deemed  inex- 
pedient, however,  to  comply  with  this  request,  we  are  prepared  in 
behalf  of  the  Regents,  to  enter  into  such  arrangements  with  you  as 
will  produce  the  speediest  judicial  decision  upon  the  constitutionality 
of  the  law  by  the  proper  tribunal ;  and  for  this  purpose,  we  beg 
leave  to  say,  that  any  communication  addressed  to  the  Rgt.  Rev. 

^  Decision  of  Supreme  Court,  Chief  Justice  Buchanan.  Regents  vs.  Trustees, 
1839;  also  circular  of  Regents'  Faculty  to  members  of  the  House  of  Dele- 
gates, 1838. 

2  Which  consisted  of  Rgt.  Rev.  James  Kemp,  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  E.  Wyatt, 
Messrs.  Jonathan  Meredith  and  Edward  Pinkney,  and  Dr.  Maxwell  McDowell. 

3  From  copy  of  the  printed  opinion  republished  by  the  Regents'  Faculty, 
Sept.  1837. 


SECOND   PERIOD.  59 

Bishop  Kemp,  as  chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Regents,  will  receive 
their  immediate  attention."  '  There  was  no  reply  to  this  communi- 
cation, and  on  the  appointed  day  the  Trustees  took  formal  and 
unopposed  possession  of  the  University.  Fifteen  days  were  given 
to  the  professors  to  decide  whether  they  would  apply  for  reap- 
pointment in  their  former  chairs  or  not.^  All  of  the  members  of 
the  Faculty  of  Physic,  and  of  each  of  the  other  Faculties,  were  duly 
reappointed  and  accepted  under  the  new  Board,  "  and  from  that 
time  until  September,  1837,  the  corporation  of  Regents  ceased  to 
exert  its  corporate  functions." '  The  professors  adopted  this  course, 
first,  because  otherwise  they  would  have  lost  their  positions,  which 
they  were  loath  to  do  after  all  the  labor  and  sacrifice  to  which  they 
had  submitted  in  founding  and  developing  the  school ;  second, 
because  they  were  well  aware  that  a  contest  would  lead  to  disorgani- 
zation and  cause  the  loss  of  a  large  number  of  their  students  ; 
third,  whilst  fully  convinced  of  the  justice  of  their  cause,  they  natu- 
rally hesitated  to  assume  the  incalculable  expense  of  testing  the 
validity  of  the  law  in  the  courts,  expense  which  would  have  to  be 
met  out  of  their  private  resources,  while  the  Trustees  would  have  the 
funds  of  the  college,  and  perhaps  of  the  state,  also,  to  draw  upon.* 
The  four  faculties,  however,  made  a  formal  protest  against  the  action 
of  the  Trustees.^ 

Before  leaving  this  interesting  period  let  us  spend  a  few  moments 
in  contemplating  the  position  attained  by  the  University  at  its  close. 
Eighteen  years  had  now  elapsed  since  the  Regents  had  met  at  Dr. 
Davidge's  house  to  organize  the  infant  institution  and  it  had  been 
announced  that  the  lectures  of  "  Davidge,  Shaw  and  Cocke"  had 
already  begun.  Without  funds,  we  saw  them  boldly  assuming 
uncertain  responsibilities  and  erecting  a  stately  building,  fit  memo- 
rial of  the  strength  and  perpetuity  of  their  design.  We  saw  them 
devising  successful  plans  for  raising  funds,  providing  an  expensive  and 
almost  unequaled  chemical  and  philosophical  apparatus,  paying  off 
the  balance  of  debt,  purchasing  a  costly  museum  and  erecting 
"  Practice  Hall "  for  its  accommodation,  and  then  leasing  ground 

'Circular  of  Regents'  Faculty,  1838. 
2  Potter's  Sketch. 
^Opinion  of  Chief  Justice,  1839. 

■*  The  suit  instituted  in  1837  was  two  years  in  the  courts  and  is  said  to  have 
cost  the  Regents'  Faculty  $8000. 
5  Potter's  Sketch. 


6o  THE    UNIVERSITY   OF    MARYLAND. 

and  erecting  another  building  to  serve  as  a  "  School  of  Practice." 
We  found  classes  increasing  until  they  were  numbered  by  the  hun- 
dreds. Finally,  although  there  were  evidences  of  want  of  harmony 
(which  a  little  firmness  on  the  part  of  the  Board  would  probably 
have  soon  rectified),  we  reached  the  end  of  the  period  with  the 
conviction  that  a  great  success  had  been  achieved  and  that  a  season 
of  prosperity  had  been  entered  upon,  the  limits  of  which  could  not 
be  foreseen.  There  was  a  debt,  it  is  true,  of  several  thousand 
dollars  recently  incurred  in  the  erection  of  the  Infirmary,  but  this 
could  easily  and  soon  have  been  met  by  the  remaining  proceeds  of 
the  lotteries  and  the  large  income  from  the  classes.  Suddenly,  by 
a  most  extraordinary  and  arbitrary  exercise  of  legislative  power,  the 
sky  is  overcast,  and  in  place  of  the  sunshine  of  confidence  and  hope, 
dark  shadows  of  doubt  and  despair  cover  all  things. 

James  Kemp,  Protestant  Episcopal  Bishop  of  Maryland,  was  born  in  Aber- 
deenshire, Scotland,  1764,  and  graduated  at  Marischal  College,  Aberdeen, 
1786.  Came  to  the  United  States  in  1787,  and  for  two  years  was  tutor  in  Dor- 
chester County,  Md.  Was  ordained  priest,  1789.  In  1790  became  rector 
of  Great  Choptank  Parish  and  remained  there  over  twenty  years.  Became 
associate  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Baltimore,  1813,  and  was  consecrated 
suffragan  bishop,  1814,  being  placed  in  charge  of  the  churches  on  the  Eastern 
Shore.  In  1816,  on  the  death  of  Bishop  Clagett,  he  succeeded  to  the  Bish- 
opric of  Maryland.  Was  Provost  of  the  University  of  Maryland,  1815-1826. 
His  death  took  place  in  Baltimore,  as  the  result  of  a  stage  accident,  Oct.  28th, 
1827.  Bishop  Kemp  received  the  degree  of  S.  T.  D.  from  Columbia  College  in 
1802.      (See  Appletoji's  Cyclopedia  of  American  Biography.) 


THIRD  PERIOD. 

GOVERNMENT  OF  TRUSTEES,  1826-1839. 

THE  evil  effects  of  the  new  r6gime  were  not  immediately  apparent, 
and  for  a  time  matters  went  on,  to  all  appearances,  smoothly. 

During  the  same  session  in  which  the  Board  of  Trustees  was 
created,  a  law  was  also  passed  providing  for  the  disposition  of  the 
remainder  of  the  proceeds  of  the  lottery  of  1816.  From  the  funds 
first  obtained  after  the  passage  of  the  law,  fourteen  thousand  two 
hundred  dollars  were  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  Professorship  of 
Law,  "  to  be  expended  under  the  direction  of  the  Trustees,  in  the 
erection  or  purchase  of  suitable  buildings,  and  procuring  a  library  and 
other  accommodations."  From  the  next  proceeds  three  thousand 
eight  hundred  dollars  were  appropriated  to  reimburse  the  professors 
who  had  erected  the  Infirmary,  conditional  upon  their  transfer  of  the 
title  of  that  building  to  the  Trustees,  free  of  all  incumbrance  except 
ground  rent.  Next,  six  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  were  appro- 
priated for  the  purchase  of  chemical  apparatus.  Next,  two  thousand 
dollars  were  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of  apparatus  for  the 
Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  And  lastly,  the  residue  was  appro- 
priated for  such  use  as  the  Trustees  might  determine  upon.^ 

In  the  summer  of  1826  Professor  Pattison  went  abroad,  ostensibly 
on  account  of  his  health,  which  was  said  to  have  been  impaired  by 
the  climate  of  America.  He  never  returned  to  Baltimore,  and  the 
year  after  his  departure  he  received  an  appointment  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  London.  Professor  Davidge  accordingly  assumed  charge  of 
both  the  chairs  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  with  Dr.  John  Buckler  as 
adjunct  professor  in  the  former  department. 

Granville  Sharp  Pattison  was  born  about  1792,^  near  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
at  whose  University  he  is  said  to  have  received  his  education.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  was  assistant  to  Prof.  Allen  Burns,  and  on  the  death  of  the  latter 

1  See  footnote  2,  p.  49. 

^1791  is  given  as  the  date  of  his  birth  in  the  obituary  notices,  but  he  says 
himself,  writing  Nov.  20th,  1820  (correspondence  with  Chapman),  that  he 
would  then  "soon  be  twenty-eight."  This  would  make  the  year  of  his  birth 
more  likely  1793.  * 


62  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

succeeded  to  the  chair  of  Anatomy,  Physiology  and  Surgery  in  Andersonian 
Institution,  at  Glasgow,  a  medical  school  which  had  been  recently  organized 
there.  He  is  said  to  have  enjoyed  considerable  eclat  as  a  youthful  lecturer. 
In  1819  he  came  to  America  and  opened  an  anatomical  school  in  Philadelphia. 
He  declined  the  chair  of  Anatomy  in  Transylvania  University,  at  Lexington, 
Kentucky,  but  in  1820  accepted  the  offer  of  the  chair  of  Surgery  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland.  In  1826 — "on  account  of  bad  health  and  uncongeniality 
of  climate" — he  left  Baltimore,  never  to  return.  In  July  of  the  following  year, 
on  the  organization  of  the  University  of  London,  he  received  the  appointment 
of  Professor  of  Anatomy.  Later  his  duties  were  extended  to  include  Surgery. 
From  the  very  first  his  lectures  appear  to  have  been  entirely  unsatisfactory  to 
his  students,  many  of  whom  refused  to  attend  them  and  preferred  serious 
charges  of  incompetency  against  him.  Among  the  specified  complaints  were 
that  he  had  an  impediment  in  his  speech,  that  his  voice  was  monotonous,  his 
grammar  and  knowledge  of  classics  defective  and  his  anatomical  acquirements 
superficial.  During  the  session  of  1830-31  the  dissatisfaction  became  so  great 
that  his  colleagues  "offered  to  pay  him  an  annual  stipend  out  of  their  own 
salaries,  for  a  certain  number  of  years,  if  he  would  retire."  He  refused  their 
offer,  regarding  the  amount  proposed  as  too  small.  The  expedient  was  next 
tried  of  appointing  Professor  Bennett  to  teach  those  subjects  in  his  department 
which  were  most  complained  of,  but  neither  did  this  avail,  and  on  July  23d, 
1831,  "he  was  dismissed  from  his  chair,  as  recommended  by  a  select  com- 
mittee of  the  Council."^  In  1S32  he  arrived  in  New  York,  on  his  way  to  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  had  been  elected  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  Jefferson  Medical 
College.  He  retained  this  position  until  1841,  when  he  joined  in  founding 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  New  York.  He  occupied  the 
chair  of  General,  Descriptive  and  Surgical  Anatomy  in  that  institution  until 
his  death,  which  took  place  Nov.  12th,  1851,  after  a  short  illness  of  "  obstruc- 
tion of  the  ductus  communis  choledochus."  Professor  Pattison  was  the 
author  of  The  Register  and  Library  of  Medical  and  Chirtirgical  Science ;  he 
edited,  with  notes,  editions  of  Burns  on  the  Surgical  Aiiaio?}iy  of  the  Arteries 
of  the  Head  and  Neck,  Masse's  Anatomical  Atlas,  and  Cruveilhier's  Anatomy  ; 
he  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Americaji  Medical  Recorder,  and  wrote  a 
number  of  articles  in  the  periodicals.  He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
M.  D.  late  in  life.  It  is  hard  to  reconcile  the  events  in  London  with  the 
exalted  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  as  a  teacher  and  lecturer  in  America. 
[In  preparing  this  notice  recourse  has  been  had  to  Allibone,  N.  Y.  Journal  oj 
Medicine,  1851,  London  Lancet,  pamphlets  at  Historical  Society,  etc.] 

Professor  Davidge  held  the  chair  of  Surgery  until  1827,  when  his 
advancing  years  and  failing  eyesight  admonished  him  to  resign  it. 

^Professor  Pattison's  career,  both  in  London  and  America,  is  fully  described 
in  the  London  Lancet  of  1831,  and  letters  are  published  from  him,  the  com- 
plaining students  and  others.  He  claimed  that  his  income  from  his  profes- 
sorship and  practice  while  in  Baltimore  amounted  to  more  than  $10,000  per 


THIRD    PERIOD.  63 

This  necessitated  the  election  of  his  successor,  and  Dr.  Nathan  R. 
Smith,  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Phila- 
delphia, then  a  rising  young  surgeon  of  thirty,  became  the  successful 
candidate  for  the  position.'  The  election  of  Prof.  Smith  deserves  to 
rank  as  an  epoch  in  the  annals  of  the  University.  Of  commanding 
presence,  cultivated  and  comprehensive  intellect  and  imperious  dis- 
position, bold,  original,  self-confident,  brooking  no  rivals — he  was  for 
nearly  half  a  century  the  central  figure  in  its  faculties.  No  man  ever 
reigned  so  completely  in  its  councils  as  he  did.  The  language  of 
Louis  XIV,  when  speaking  of  France — ritai,  c'estmoi — might  almost 
have  been  applied  to  his  relations  to  the  University. 

The  year  1827  is  also  memorable  for  the  founding  of  the  Wash- 
ington Medical  College — the  first  rival  of  the  University.  The  chief 
founder  and  leading  spirit  of  this  school  was  Dr.  Horatio  Gates 
Jameson,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of 
Maryland,  1813,  a  bold,  able  and  original  surgeon  and  a  voluminous 
medical  writer. °  The  following  were,  doubtless,  the  considerations 
which  led  to  the  founding  of  this  school.  The  population  and  trade 
of  Baltimore  at  this  time  were  developing  at  an  extraordinary  rate, 
and  the  country  at  large  was  experiencing  a  greater  degree  of  pros- 
perity than  it  had  ever  known  before;  the  school  already  established 
had  been  successful  beyond  all  expectations  of  its  founders;  the 
faculty  of  that  school  had  recently  exhibited  evidences  of  want  of  har- 
mony which  seriously  threatened  its  future  success  ;  there  had  been 
unpleasant  relations  between  Jameson  and  members  of  that  faculty, 
in  which  he  claimed  that  he  had  been  treated  with  great  injustice 
and  discourtesy;  and  finally,  something  must  be  allowed  for  the 
natural  ambition  of  a  man  conscious  of  the  powers  and  abilities 

1  His  competitor  was  Richard  Harlan,  one  of  the  surgeons  to  the  Phila- 
delphia Almshouse,  "a  naturalist,"  and,  according  to  Chapman,  "perhaps 
unrivalled  in  comparative  anatomy  in  the  United  States."  He  had  already 
delivered  one  course  of  lectures  on  surgery.  Davidge  threw  his  influence 
successfully  in  the  scales  for  Smith.  In  the  course  of  a  suit  brought  against 
him  for  malpractice  (pamphlet  at  Lib'y  of  Med.  and  Chir.  Faculty  of  Md.), 
B.  W.  Dudley,  the  founder  of  the  medical  department  of  Transylvania  Uni- 
versity, and  its  Professor  of  Surgery  from  1817  to  1851,  stated  that  in  August, 
1827,  he  was  unanimously  recommended  by  the  Faculty  and  elected  by  the 
Trustees  to  the  chair  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Maryland.  If  that  were 
so,  he  must  have  declined. 

"^  His  associates  were  Samuel  K.  Jennings,  Wm.  W.  Handy,  James  H.  Miller, 
Samuel  Annan,  and  John  W.  Vethake. 


64  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

which  Jameson  possessed  and  longing  for  a  field  in  which  he  could 
display  them.^  Very  naturally,  the  faculty  of  the  University  did  not 
regard  with  favor  the  attempt  to  found  a  rival  school.  According  to 
Jameson,  they  not  only  referred  in  contemptuous  terms  to  himself 
and  colleagues,  but  they  appointed  a  committee  to  visit  Annapolis 
and  oppose  the  granting  of  the  charter.  This  was  during  the  winter 
session  of  1825-26,  the  year  in  which  the  act  changing  the  govern- 
ment of  the  University  was  passed."  The  charter  was  granted  not- 
withstanding this  opposition,  and  the  new  college  was  opened  in  the 
fall  of  1827  in  a  building  on  North  Holliday  street,  between  Lexing- 
ton and  Saratoga.  At  the  close  of  the  first  session  degrees  were 
conferred  on  twelve  graduates.^ 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  consider  the  effect  of  the  new  school  upon 
the  old.  At  first  it  had  the  advantage  of  novelty,  and  of  the  energy 
which  accompanies  almost  all  new  undertakings ;  from  time  to  time 
it  had  teachers  of  unquestionable  ability ;  it  succeeded,  in  a  surpris- 
ingly-short time,  in  securing  a  building  which  was  capable  of  sup- 
plying all  needed  accommodations  for  both  college  and  hospital, 
and  being  situated  in  the  eastern  and  unoccupied  part  of  the  city, 
close  to  the  site  of  the  present  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  we  may  infer 
that  it  possessed  all  possible  advantages  of  location.  On  the  other 
hand  the  University  was  suffering  from  the  incubus  of  the  Trustees. 
From  having  lost  control,  and  from  the  consciousness  of  the  wrong 
that  had  been  inflicted  upon  them,  the  Faculty  no  longer  had  that 
enthusiasm  and  personal  interest  which  had  nerved  them  for  their 
earlier  labors  and  successes.  The  patronage  was  divided  and  many 
students  who  would  have  attended  the  University  joined  its  rival. 
The  competition  for  students  must  have  exerted  an  unfavorable  effect 
upon  the  requirement  and  fees  of  each,  for  while  "  competition  is  the 
soul  of  trade,"  its  effect  upon  medical  education  is  only  deteriorating 
and   pernicious.     The   classes   at   the   University   fell   off   greatly, 

^  He  had  been  thwarted  in  a  prospect  which  at  one  time  seemed  open  to  him 
of  a  place  in  the  University  (see  Jameson's  synopsis  of  the  Hintze  trial  and 
the  accompanying  papers,  Am.  Med.  Recorder,  Jan.  1829). 

2 Jameson's  Synopsis.  It  is  likely  that  this  was  the  "business"  that  Pro- 
fessors Potter  and  DeButts  went  to  Annapolis  to  transact,  of  which  the  former 
speaks  in  his  Sketch  (see  p.  56). 

2  After  1831,  two  courses  of  lectures  were  required  of  candidates  for  gradua- 
tion (public  notice  of  the  day),  A  similar  requirement  did  not  prevail  at 
Harvard  University  until  1834,  when  the  course  was  "lengthened  to  thirteen 
weeks"  [Med.  Examiner,  Boston,  1834). 


CHARLES  FRICK,  M.  D. 
Professor  of  Materia  MeiHca. 


LIBRARY 


THIRD    PERIOD.  65 

although  in  the  whole  history  of  the  institution  there  were  never 
connected  with  it  teachers  of  more  renown  than  at  this  period. 
While  the  existence,  therefore,  of  two  schools  did  not  have  the 
effect,  anticipated  by  some/  of  destroying  both,  it  led  to  the  suspen- 
sion for  many  years  of  one,  and  did,  unquestionably,  exert  a  very 
deleterious  effect  upon  the  welfare  of  the  other. 

On  the  2d  of  February,  1828,  a  duel  was  fought  at  Bladensburg 
between  two  of  the  students  of  the  University,  which  resulted  fatally 
to  one  of  the  participants.^  These  were  Samuel  J.  Carr,  of  South 
Carolina,  and  William  Bond  Martin,  of  Maryland,  who  had  roomed 
together  and  been  warm  friends,  until  a  trifling  difficulty  arose 
between  them  and  converted  them  into  deadly  enemies.  Owing  to 
some  delay  in  the  receipt  by  Carr  of  a  remittance  from  his  friends 
at  the  South,  the  expense  of  purchasing  fuel  for  their  room  had 
devolved  upon  his  friend.  The  latter,  after  waiting  some  time, 
demanded  repayment  for  the  amount  advanced.  This  led  to  sharp 
words,  which  resulted  in  Carr's  declaring  that  the  other  was  no 
gentleman.  The  hot  young  blood  of  those  days  could  not  brook  such 
an  insult  in  silence,  and  resort  was  had  to  the  method  in  vogue  for 
settling  questions  of  that  kind.  A  challenge  was  sent  by  Martin  and 
accepted  by  Carr.  General  Walter  Gwynn  was  Carr's  second  and 
Frederick  Pinckney  Martin's.  ■..Pistols  were  chosen  as  the  weapon 
and  the  classic  field  of  Bladensburg  as  the  place  of  meeting.  It  is 
said  that  strenuous  efforts  were  made  by  the  friends  to  accommodate 
matters,  and  that  Carr,  both  before  and  after  reaching  the  field, 
expressed  his  willingness  to  repay  the  debt  and  make  such  repara- 
tion as  he  considered  consistent  with  his  honor,  but  that  the  success 
of  these  praiseworthy  efforts  was  thwarted  by  the  unreasoning  oppo- 
sition of  the  brother  of  the  challenger,  who  would  hear  of  nothing 
but  satisfaction  by  the  code.  According  to  tradition  Carr  was  an 
expert  marksman  and  had  had  experience  previously  in  such 
encounters,  and  when  his  adversary  refused  upon  the  field  to  accept 
the  satisfaction  which  he  offered,  he  exclaimed,  "Then  die  if  you 
will !  I  shall  put  a  ball  through  you  right  here,"  pointing  to  his 
forehead.  He  was  true  to  his  word,  for  at  the  first  fire  young 
Martin  reeled  and  fell  into  the  arms  of  his  second,  his  brain  pierced 
by  a  ball  entering  at  the  very  spot  which  Carr  had  indicated.  There 
was  much  excitement  the  next  day  in  front  of  the  Fountain  Inn,  on 

^As  Davidge — Jameson's  Synopsis. 

°  Balto.  Gazette  and  Daily  Advertiser,  Feb.  4th,  1828. 


66  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

Light  street,  when  "the  mutilated  body"  of  the  dead  youth  was  depos- 
ited there  by  his  second.  From  Baltimore  it  was  conveyed  by 
steamer  to  Cambridge,  on  the  Eastern  Shore,  where  the  extremely 
unusual  spectacle  of  a  steamer  approaching  drew  large  and  curious 
crowds,  many  of  whom  had  never  seen  such  a  strange  sight  before, 
to  the  water's  edge.  Among  the  spectators  came  the  father  of  the 
dead  youth,  the  Chief  Judge  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  District  of  Mary- 
land,' little  suspecting  that  he  was  to  meet  the  corpse  of  his  son. 
The  elder  brother,  who  had  acted  the  part  of  so  unwise  an  adviser, 
afterwards  himself  became  a  distinguished  Judge  in  the  Baltimore 
City  courts'^  and  was  noted  for  his  integrity  of  character  and  extreme 
conscientiousness,  but  the  event  in  which  he  had  been  a  participant 
dominated  his  life  ever  after  and  bitter  remorse  destroyed  his  peace 
of  mind.  It  is  said  that  when  the  facts  became  known  public  senti- 
ment sided  with  Carr  and  that  he  would  not  have  been  prosecuted 
had  he  remained  in  Maryland.  He  thought  it  more  prudent,  how- 
ever, to  leave  the  state  for  a  time.  The  Faculty  met  after  the  duel 
and  formally  expelled  him  from  the  University.  It  is  said  that  even 
before  that  he  had  been  an  ardent  admirer  of  Miss  Mary  Polk,  the 
beautiful  stepdaughter  of  Professor  Davidge,  who  was  also  a  cousin 
of  Martin's.  She  must  have  reciprocated  his  affection,  for  notwith- 
standing Davidge's  opposition  she  ran  away  with  him  on  the  30th 
of  September  following  and  they  were  married,  although  she  was 
then  only  about  fifteen.  Carr's  subsequent  history  is  of  interest.  In 
1829  he  was  5th  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  and  in  1831  United  States 
Consul  to  Tangiers.  Returning  later  to  Maryland  he  resumed  his 
medical  studies  at  the  University,  the  Faculty  having  condoned  his 
offense,  attended  his  second  course  of  lectures  and  received  his 
diploma  in  1834.  The  subject  of  his  thesis  was  "  Lepra  Tubercu- 
losa," a  disease  with  which  he  had  become  familiar  during  his  resi- 
dence in  the  East.  On  graduating  he  settled  on  Red  River,  in 
Louisiana.  He  was  appointed  Military  Storekeeper,  U.S.A.,  in 
1842,  and  died  at  Pikesville  Arsenal,  near  Baltimore,  Oct.  24th, 
1847,  aged  45.  He  is  represented  to  have  been  a  man  of  talents 
and  scholarship.  After  his  death  his  widow,  still  a  celebrated 
beauty,  married  the  eminent  lawyer,  David  Dudley  Field,  of  New 
York ;  she  died  only  a  few  years  ago  at  the  Carrollton  Hotel  in  this 
city,  preserving  traces  of  her  earlier  charms  to  the  last.  This  and 
the  Pattison-Cadwalader  affair  complete  the  record  of  such  events  at 

1  Hanson's  Old  Kent  of  Maryland.  ^  Judge  Robert  N.  Martin. 


THIRD   PERIOD.  67 

the  University,  and  let  us  hope  that  no  future  historian  of  her  annals 
may  find  it  necessary  to  add  to  the  melancholy  record.' 

Professor  Smith  had  hardly  become  well  settled  in  his  chair  when 
the  University  had  to  part  with  her  founder,  Professor  Davidge.  It 
was  fortunate  that  in  losing  her  earliest  friend  she  was  able  to  find  so 
worthy  a  successor  in  the  stalwart  young  champion  from  the  bleak 
New  England  hills,  who  had  come  to  cast  his  lot  here  under  her 
shadow.  The  cause  of  Professor  Davidge's  death  was  a  malignant 
growth  of  the  face,  originating  in  the  antrum  of  Highmore;  it  was, 
at  the  time,  commonly  spoken  of  as  a  "  fungus  of  the  Antrum."  The 
disease  first  showed  itself  in  January,  1829,  when  he  was  forced  to 
discontinue  his  anatomical  lectures,  which  were  given  during  the 
remainder  of  the  session  by  Professor  Smith.  The  tumor  developed 
rapidly  and  its  growth  was  accompanied  by  excruciating  pain,  from 
which  he  could  obtain  only  partial  relief  by  wineglassful  doses  of 
laudanum.  He  bore  his  sufferings  with  great  fortitude,  finding  com- 
fort only  in  the  consolations  of  his  religious  convictions.  Twice 
during  the  short  career  of  his  disease  he  was  taken  to  Philadelphia 
to  consult  the  learned  Physick,  who,  however,  could  do  nothing 
for  him.  Death  came  finally  to  his  relief  at  his  residence  on 
Lexington  street,  on  the  23d  of  August,  1829.  Although  Professor 
Davidge  had  passed  the  period  of  his  greatest  usefulness  and  his 
place  as  teacher  was  not  difficult  to  supply  (even  better,  perhaps, 
than  he  had  himself  supplied  it),  nevertheless  the  feeling  with  which 
we  contemplate  his  loss  to  the  University  is  almost  personal.  He 
was  not  a  man  of  extraordinary  ability  and  he  was  far  from  infalli- 
bility, but  he  had  qualities  which  commanded  respect,  reverence 

^  Some  have  declared  that  the  real  cause  of  this  duel  was  a  rivalry  for  the 
affections  of  Miss  Polk  and  that  the  dispute  over  the  wood  was  merely  the  pretext 
for  a  rupture  between  the  two  friends.  A  lady  who  remembers  the  event  and 
knew  the  parties  intimately  denies  this,  but  it  is  not  at  all  unlikely,  notwith- 
standing Miss  Polk's  youthfulness.  Former  office  students  of  Professor  Davidge 
declare  that  he  took  part  "either  as  principal  or  second  "  in  one  or  more 
duels,  but  I  have  found  no  evidence  to  confirm  their  statement.  On  the  con- 
trary, Dr.  Alexander  H.  Bayly,  of  Cambridge  (who  attended  lectures  with 
Carr),  says  that  he  took  the  lead  in  securing  Carr's  expulsion  from  the  Col- 
lege in  182S.  I  have  thought  that  he  may  have  been  present  at  the  Pattison- 
Cadwalader  affair  as  surgeon,  but  I  have  no  evidence  of  it.  Dr.  Macaulay 
was  probably  Pattison's  second  on  that  occasion.  The  facts  with  regard  to 
the  Carr-Martin  duel  have  been  gathered  from  many  sources  and  with  diffi- 
culty, scarcely  any  written  record  of  it  remaining. 


68  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

and  love.  He  was  a  man  of  upright  character  and  unswerving 
integrity,  of  strong  moral  and  physical  courage,  a  good  citizen, 
faithful  and  affectionate  in  his  domestic  relations,  an  enthusiastic  stu- 
dent and  a  finished  scholar.  It  is  a  regrettable  fact  that  no  portrait 
of  him  was  ever  made  and  that  his  relations  and  services  to  the 
University  have  not  suggested  to  his  successors  some  memorial  in 
his  honor  in  the  institution  which  owes  its  existence  and  a  large 
share  of  its  success  to  him. 

John  Beale  Davidge  was  a  native  of  Annapolis,  where  he  was  born  in 
1768.  His  father  was  an  ex-captain  in  the  British  army  and  his  mother  was 
Miss  Honor  Howard,  of  Anne  Arundel  Co.,  a  relative  of  Col.  John  Eager 
Howard;  he  was  their  only  child.  At  an  early  age  he  lost  his  father  and, 
being  in  straitened  circumstances,  his  mother  wished  to  apprentice  him  to  a 
cabinetmaker.  But  he  resolved  to  have  an  education,  and  obtaining  aid  from 
friends  and  fortunately  coming  into  possession  of  some  slaves  through  the 
death  of  a  relative,  he  entered  St.  John's  College  at  Annapolis  and  received 
from  it  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1789.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine  with 
Drs.  James  and  William  Murray,  of  Annapolis,  continued  it  for  a  short  time  at 
Philadelphia  and  then  spent  several  years  at  Edinburgh,  where  he  devoted 
himself  especially  to  the  study  of  anatomy,  for  which  he  always  evinced  a 
strong  liking.  On  the  voyage  to  Scotland,  which  was  made  in  a  sailing  vessel, 
he  was  accompanied  by  Drs.  Hosack,  Brockenborough  and  Troup,  all  of 
whom  became  eminent  practitioners  afterwards  in  America.  It  is  related  that 
they  encountered  very  rough  weather  and  were  compelled  to  work  hard  at  the 
pumps  to  keep  the  vessel  from  sinking.  From  motives  of  economy  he  took 
his  degree  (M.  U.)  at  Glasgow  University  and  not  at  Edinburgh.  The  date  of 
his  graduation  was  April  22d,  1793.  About  this  time  he  married  Miss 
William  Stuart,  of  the  Firth  of  Solway,  a  lady  of  high  social  standing,  several 
years  his  senior.^  He  practiced  first  for  a  short  time  in  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land, then  returned  to  Maryland,  and,  after  a  brief  residence  in  Frederick  and 
Harford  counties,  selected  Baltimore  for  a  permanent  home  in  August,  1796.^ 
In  1797  a  severe  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  raged  in  the  city  and  there  was  a 
public  discussion  of  the  disease  in  the  newspapers  by  the  physicians.  Dr. 
Davidge  bore  a  prominent  part  in  this  discussion,  and  early  in  the  following 
year  republished  his  views  in  a  volume  which,  though  faulty  in  style,  was 
favorably  noticed  in  the  journals  and  was  freely  quoted  from  in  later  works 
upon  the  subject.     In  1801  the  Baltimore  General   Dispensary  was   founded 

^This  lady  bore  a  male  appellation,  it  is  said,  because  her  parents  had 
no  sons  ;  her  sister  was  named  John.  Their  place  was  called  "  Physgil,"  a 
name  which  Professor  D.  afterwards  gave  to  his  country-seat  in  Harford 
County. 

^"Offering  his  professional  services  to  the  inhabitants  of  Baltimore  and 
its  vicinity,  particularly  in  the  practice  of  midwifery." 


THIRD   PERIOD.  69 

and  he  was  one  of  its  first  attending  physicians.  In  1802  he  began  to  give  pri- 
vate courses  of  lectures  to  medical  students,  and  these  courses  were  continued 
annually  until  1807,  when,  being  joined  by  Drs.  Cocke  and  Shaw,  his  school 
became  the  "College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland."  In  1805  he  delivered  the 
first  annual  oration  before  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland, 
in  accordance  with  a  regulation  adopted  in  1803  creating  the  office  of  "  orator." 
From  1807  to  1812  he  lectured  on  Surgery  and  Institutes;  from  1813  to  his 
death  he  held  the  chairs  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  one  or  both.  He  also  lec- 
tured during  the  earlier  years  on  Obstetrics.  He  died  in  1829  from  a  malig- 
nant tumor  of  the  face  and  his  remains  were  interred  in  Loudon  Park  Ceme- 
tery. Professor  Davidge  was  twice  married,  his  second  wife  being  Mrs. 
Rebecca  Troup  Polk,  widow  of  Josiah  Polk,  of  Harford  County,  Md.,  who  sur- 
vived him  with  four  children,  a  son  by  his  first  wife  and  three  daughters  by 
his  second. 

In  person  Professor  Davidge  is  represented  to  have  been  short  and  stout, 
with  blue  eyes,  a  florid  complexion  and  homely,  rugged  features,  small 
hands  and  feet  and  a  graceful  carriage.  He  walked  with  a  slight  limp  in  con- 
sequence of  an  accident  which  happened  to  him  in  1818.  He  was  scrupulously 
neat  in  his  dress,  and  his  manners  were  grave  and  dignified  and  calculated  to 
repel  familiarity.  He  drove  a  carriage  and  pair  and  had  a  large  practice. 
Notwithstanding  a  certain  irritability  of  temper  he  was  much  beloved  by  his 
acquaintances  and  reverenced  by  his  students,  who  spoke  of  him  as  "the 
Father  of  the  University."  He  had  great  influence  throughout  the  state  and 
was  well  suited  to  be  the  founder  of  a  college.  He  spoke  with  deliberation 
and  in  choice  language  and  was  an  incessant  student.  As  an  operator  he  was 
slow  and  cautious;  his  most  important  operations  were  a  total  extirpation  of 
the  parotid  gland,  ligation  of  the  gluteal  artery  for  aneurism,  and  ligation  of 
the  carotid  for  "  fungus  of  the  antrum."  He  invented  a  new  method  of  ampu- 
tation which  he  called  the  "American."  His  lectures  are  described  by  Pro- 
fessor Lunsford  P.  Yandell  as  "models  of  simple  elegance. "^  As  a  writer  he 
was  stiff,  affected  and  obscure  and  fond  of  using  obsolete  modes  of  spelling  and 
expression.  He  traveled  upon  grammatical  stilts  (so  to  speak)  rather  than 
the  limbs  which  custom  and  taste  have  provided  for  our  literary  locomotion. 
Consequently  his  writings  made  but  little  impression  upon  the  times  in  which 
he  lived  and  were  destined  to  an  early  oblivion.  As  illustrations  of  his  style 
may  be  cited  the  expressions  "  feverous  disease  "  for  fever,  "  ephidrosis  "  for 
sweating,  "extreme  carotid"  for  external  carotid,  "surgery"  for  office, 
"  autumnal  endemial  epidemick  of  tropical  climates  "  for  yellow  fever.  The 
following  sentence  occurs  in  his  work  upon  yellow  fever,  published  in  1798  : 
"  Leaving  the  slippery  declivity  of  hypothetical  change,  we  introduce  our 
readers  to  the  more  unequivocal  and  inflexible  data  of  practical  experience, 
where  feeble  theory  is  supplanted  by  more  certain  practice,  where  the  sick 
bed  triumphs  over  the  reveries  of  the  closet."  "He  seemed  to  forget  the 
English  idiom,"  says  Prof.  Yandell,  "  the  moment  he  took  pen  in  hand."     He 

^  Trans.  Internat.  Med.  Congress,  1876.     Prof.  Y.  was  an  alumnus  of  1825. 


70  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

had  very  positive  views  on  medical  subjects.  He  devised  a  classification  of 
diseases — his  "  Nosologia  Methodica^^  which,  according  to  the  above  authority, 
was  greatly  superior  in  simplicity  and  convenience  to  Cullen's,  then  in  use. 
He  believed  menstruation  to  be  a  secretion  of  the  uterus,  excited  by  ovarian 
irritation,  and  erred  in  thinking  this  view  original  with  himself.  He  opposed 
the  support  of  the  perineum,  on  the  ground  that  "nature  is  sufficient  for  her 
own  processes,"  and  declared  himself  against  the  speculum  because  it 
"smacked  of  immoral  curiosity."  Hemorrhage  was.  arrested  by  retraction 
of  the  vessel,  not  by  its  contraction  and  the  coagulation  of  blood.  He 
opposed  Rush's  unity  of  disease  and  severely  condemned  his  sanguinary 
treatment  of  yellow  fever  :  "  Rush  called  the  medical  mind  back  to  the  almost 
antiquated  system  of  depletion."  Davidge  treated  yellow  fever  by  moderate 
venesection  and  calomel  or  mercurial  ointment.  He  recommended  that  the 
lancet  be  used  "two  or  three  times,  sometimes  five  or  six,"  which  will  only 
appear  moderate  when  compared  to  the  twelve  or  thirteen  venesections  prac- 
ticed during  the  epidemic  of  1797.  However,  to  show  that  he  was  no  enemy 
of  the  lancet,  he  tells  us  that  he  had  taken  forty  to  fifty  ounces  of  blood  at  one 
sitting  in  eclampsia,  and  from  a  thin  and  very  delicate  woman  had  taken  one 
hundred  ounces  in  three  days.  Black  vomit  he  regarded  as  a  morbid  secre- 
tion chiefly  derived  from  the  liver.  In  the  efficacy  of  mercury  he  shared  the 
implicit  faith  of  the  profession  of  that  day.  "  Whenever  a  free  salivation 
takes  place  "  (in  yellow  fever),  "the  patient  is  safe";  "perhaps  no  person 
ever  died  after  the  full  establishment  of  ptyalism."  The  amount  of  mercury 
given  must  have  been  very  large,  as  he  advises  sufficient  "to  produce  four  or 
five  passages  daily,"  and  gave  glysters  to  promote  its  action.  "  If  purges 
cannot  relieve  the  patient,  his  chances  are  truly  melancholy,"  he  adds.  He 
explains  this  effect  by  supposing  that  "calomel  establishes  an  action  in  the 
system  the  opposite  to  that  of  the  fever,  and  since  no  two  general  actions  can 
exist  at  the  same  time,  ptyalism  takes  the  place  of  the  morbid  one  which 
ceases."  As  to  the  essential  nature  of  yellow  fever,  he  regarded  it  as  indige- 
nous, propagated  by  the  atmosphere  and  non-contagious,  merely  a  variety  or 
aggravated  form  of  "bilious  remittent."  He  regarded  phthisis  pulmonalis  as 
a  scrofula  of  the  lungs.  He  wrote  much  if  not  well.  Besides  his  thesis  {Dis- 
sei-tatio  Physiologica  de  Causis  Catameniorum,  Birmingham,  1794)  and  many 
articles  in  the  medical  journals,  he  wrote  Nosologia  Methodica  (in  Latin),  ist 
and  2d  editions,  1812  and  1813  ;  Physical  Sketches,  2  vols.,  1814  and  1816; 
Treatise  on  Yellow  Fever,  1798  ;  Treatise  on  Afuputation,  1818,  and  edited  Ban- 
croft on  Fevers,  1821,  and  a  quarterly  journal  entitled  Baltimore  Philosophical 
Journal  and  Review,  1S23  (of  which  only  the  first  number  appeared).  "  He 
was  a  devoted  father  and  husband,  a  chivalric  gentleman,  a  man  to  be  singled 
out  in  a  crowd."  (Some  of  these  details  were  obtained  from  his  daughter, 
Mrs.  Sarah  N.  Dunkel,  and  from  his  private  pupils.) 

Professor  Davidge  (with  the  full  consent  of  the  Trustees)  had 
effected  an  arrangement  for  Dr.  Turnbull  to  deliver  the  anatomical 
lectures  during  the  session  of  1829-30,  but  after  his  death  it  was 


THIRD    PERIOD.  7I 

ignored  and  in  September,  1829,  public  announcement  was  made  of 
the  existence  of  a  vacancy  in  the  chair  of  Anatomy  and  competition 
was  invited.  The  result  was  that  the  appointment  was  conferred 
upon  Dr.  John  D.  Wells,  of  Boston,  who  then  held  a  similar  position 
in  Berkshire  Medical  Institution,  Massachusetts,  and  in  October  the 
introductory  lectures  were  delivered  by  a  full  Faculty.  Dr.  Wells 
was  not  made  full  professor,  however,  until  the  close  of  the  session, 
and  he  did  not  long  enjoy  the  honor.  Returning  to  Boston  after  the 
conclusion  of  the  course,  he  died  there  on  the  25th  of  the  ensuing 
July,  of  tuberculosis,  "a  victim  to  the  cause  of  science."  Prof  Smith 
pays  a  glowing  and  beautiful  tribute  to  .his  memory,  which  evidently 
comes  from  the  heart  and  shows  how  deeply  he  had  been  impressed 
with  the  beautiful  character  and  accomphshments  of  the  young  Boston 
anatomist.  In  perusing  these  annals  we  find  much  that  is  common 
to  the  three  men,  Cocke,  Godman  and  Wells.  They  all  had  youthful 
enthusiasm,  learning,  eloquence,  amiability,  and  high  aspirations, 
and,  though  so  brief,  we  may  profitably  study  their  lives  and  find 
much  in  them  worthy  of  imitation. 

John  Doane  Wells  was  born  March  6th,  1799,  graduated  at  Harvard  1817, 
and  took  his  medical  degree  at  the  same  institution  in  1820.  He  was  elected 
Professor  of  Anatomy  in  Bowdoin  College  in  May,  1821.  He  spent  the  period 
from  June,  1821,  to  December,  1822,  in  Paris,  was  physician  to  the  Boston 
Dispensary  from  1823  to  1826,  and  received  the  appointment  of  Professor  of 
Anatomy  in  Berkshire  Institution  in  September,  1826.  He  was  elected  Lec- 
turer on  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Maryland  in  September,  1829,  and  full 
Professor  the  following  May.  He  died  in  Boston,  July  25th,  1830.  In  accord- 
ance with  his  request,  a  post-mortem  examination  of  his  body  was  made  by 
Dr.  Warren,  and  tubercles  were  found  in  the  lungs,  brain  and  spinal  cord. 
"To  few — very  few — has  Nature  been  so  bountiful  in  those  gifts  which  con- 
stitute the  orator.  His  language  was  beautiful,  chaste  and  forcible,  and  was 
uttered  with  graceful  ease  and  fluency.  His  voice  was  peculiarly  clear  and 
audible,  his  emphasis  and  inflexions  uncommonly  happy.  His  action  was 
animated  and  impressive."  (See  Professor  N.  R.  Smith's  Memoir,  Baltiinore 
Monthly  Journal  of  Medici7ie  and  Surgery,  1830-31.) 

The  Anatomical  Chair,  having  thus  again  become  vacant,  was  filled 
by  the  appointment,  as  Lecturer,  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Lincoln,  of  Burling- 
ton, Vermont.  Dr.  Lincoln  had  been  a  pupil  and  friend  of  Professor 
Wells,  who  entertained  a  very  high  opinion  of  his  abilities  as  a 
lecturer  and  anatomist,  and  it  was  through  the  recommendations  of 
the  latter  that  he  obtained  his  positions  in  the  Universities  of  Ver- 
mont and  Maryland.     His  lectures  here  seem  to  have  given  great 


72  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

satisfaction  both  to  the  students  and  professors,  and  the  latter 
requested  his  permission  to  nominate  him  to  the  professorship,  but 
he  declined,  and  early  in  the  spring  of  1831  returned  to  Burlington, 
preferring,  as  he  said,  the  obscure  New  England  village,  with  a  mere 
pittance,  to  all  the  honors  and  emoluments  Baltimore  could  offer. 

Again  it  became  necessary  to  make  an  appointment,  and  com- 
petition was  announced  to  be  open  to  all  comers.  There  were  now 
several  candidates  for  the  honor, ^  which  (for  local  reasons,  it  was 
said)  was  conferred  upon  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Wright,  of  Baltimore. 
Dr.  Wright  was  a  physician  of  high  local  standing,  an  able  practi- 
tioner and  the  author  of  many  excellent  articles  in  the  Avierican 
Jour7ial  of  the  Medical  Scie7ices,  based  upon  his  experience  as 
attending  physician  to  the  Almshouse ;  but  he  was  not  particularly 
devoted  to  the  study  of  anatomy  and  there  was  no  special  reason 
why  he  should  have  been  chosen  for  the  position.  Turnbull  now 
comes  again  into  notice  and  for  the  last  time.  Prof.  Wright,  having 
accepted  the  appointment,  proposed  that  Turnbull  should  be  made 
Adjunct  Professor  of  Anatomy.  Much  feeling  was  excited  by  this 
proposition;  the  students  held  meetings  in  favor  Of  and  in  opposition 
to  it,  and  the  occasion  was  declared  by  them  to  be  a  "  crisis  "  in  the 
history  of  the  University.  The  proposition  was  rejected  and  Dr. 
Wright  at  once  withdrew  from  the  Faculty.'^ 

Duncan  Turnbull  was  a  native  of  Scotland.  He  was  invited  to  Baltimore 
by  Prof.  Pattison  and  made  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  1821.  He  held  this 
appointment  until  1826.  He  obtained  his  M.  D.  degree  at  the  University  of 
Maryland  in  1825.  His  academic  training,  lilte  that  of  his  patron,  is  said  to 
have  been  defective,  but  he  wielded  an  "unrivaled  knife"  in  the  dissecting 
room.  His  educational  defects  were  no  doubt  the  cause  of  his  not  being  pro- 
moted when  vacancies  occurred  repeatedly  in  the  Anatomical  chair.  Being 
thus  foiled  in  his  expectations  he  opened  a  private  dissecting  room  on  North 
Paca  St.,  near  Fayette,  where  he  delivered  lectures  on  Anatomy  and  Pathology 
for  several  years.  He  married  a  Baltimore  lady,  and  a  year  or  two  after  these 
events  removed  to  the  South,  where  he  died — between  1832  and  1840.  His 
widow  survived  him  many  years  and  has  died  recently  in  Baltimore. 

The  date  of  the  birth  of  Thomas  H.  Wright  is  unknown.  He  was  at  Elk- 
ridge  Landing  in  181 1  and  described  an  epidemic  fever  then  prevailing  there 
(Balto.  Med.  and  Philosoph.   Lyceum).     He  received  the  honorary  degree  of 

^  viz. :  Drs.  John  D.  Readel,  Dunglison,  Webster,  of  Philadelphia,  Geddings, 
then  Adjunct  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Med.  College  of  S.  C,  and  Caspar 
Morris,  of  Philadelphia  (Baltimore  American,  May  6th,  1831). 

2  Sept.  1831. 


WILLIAM  ALEXANDER   HAMMOND,  M.  D. 
Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology. 


^/ 


]LlBRAiiY 


^/tj  of  t^»^ 


THIRD  PERIOD.  73 

M.  D.  from  the  University  of  Maryland  in  1819.  In  1827  he  had  private 
students.  In  1831  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Anatomy  in  the  University, 
but  resigned  before  lectures  began.  He  was  physician  to  the  Almshouse  for 
several  years,  up  to  1833,  and  contributed  numerous  articles  to  the  A7n.  Jour, 
of  the  Med.  Sciences  (of  which  he  was  a  collaborator),  and  to  the  Maryland  Med. 
Recoi'der,  between  1828  and  1833,  based  on  his  experience  there.  He  died  in 
1856.  Dr.  Wright  was  a  man  of  marked  force  of  character,  grave,  cautious, 
conscientious  and  deliberate,  habitually  using  long  words  and  technical  lan- 
guage— one  of  the  last  of  the  old  theoretical  school  (see  notice  of  him  in  the 
newspapers  by  Dr.  F.  Donaldson,  his  articles,  etc.). 

For  the  fourth  time  within  two  years  an  election  was  held,  and 
the  learned  Geddings  of  South  Carolina  was  unanimously  chosen : 
would  that  his  high  scientific  attainments  and  profound  erudition  had 
been  longer  vouchsafed  to  the  University  and  to  Maryland  ! 

Another  vacancy  had  just  occurred,  which  had  deprived  the  Uni- 
versity of  one  who  had  shared  its  fortunes  from  the  earliest  period  of 
its  existence,  and  who  had  shed  great  lustre  upon  it  by  his  eloquence 
as  a  lecturer,  his  skill  in  experimentation,  and  his  deep  knowledge 
of  the  physical  sciences.  I  refer  to  the  death  of  Prof.  Elisha  DeButts, 
which  took  place  April  3d,  1831.  .  . 

Elisha  DeButts  was  born  in  or  near  Dublin,  of  a  respectable  family,  of  the 
class  known  as  "the  landed  gentry."  His  father  was  an  officer  in  the  English 
army.  When  a  youth  his  family  emigrated  to'  America  and  settled  in  Sharps- 
burg,  Md.  He  attended  school  near  Alexandria,  where  his  uncle,  Dr.  Samuel 
DeButts,  resided,  and  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  the  direction  of  the 
latter.  He  then  entered  the  University,  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated 
in  1805,  the  subject  of  his  thesis  being  "An  Inaugural  Essay  on  the  Eye  and 
on  Vision."  After  practicing  for  several  years  on  the  Potomac  opposite  Alex- 
andria, he  selected  Baltimore  as  his  permanent  home.  He  held  the  chair  of 
Chemistry  from  1809  to  the  period  of  his  death.  In  1830  he  was  sent  to 
Europe  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  to  procure  chemical  apparatus  for  the  Uni- 
versity. While  abroad  he  lectured  with  great  eclat  before  the  Royal  Insti- 
tution of  London.  He  died  April  3d,  1831,  of  pneumonia,  brought  on  by  expo- 
sure in  attending  a  friend  to  his  door  on  a  cold  day  in  his  slippers.  Professor 
DeButts  was  tall  and  spare  and  had  a  cast  in  one  eye.  He  was  an  accomplished 
musician  and  artist  and  possessed  some  poetical  talent.  His  conversational 
powers  were  remarkable,  and  he  had  the  happy  faculty  of  simplifying  the  most 
abstruse  subjects  and  rendering  the  driest  interesting  to  his  audience.  His  lec- 
tures were  prepared  with  great  care,  and  he  kept  himself  thoroughly  conver- 
sant with  all  the  advances  made  in  his  department.  He  was  of  a  sensitive  and 
retiring  disposition  and  wrote  but  little,  but  there  is  frequent  written  mention 
and  many  an  unwritten  tradition  of  his  eloquence  and  learning.  His  health 
was  never  robust  and  he  died  in  the  prime  of  life.     Prof.  DeButts  wrote  only 


74  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

two  short  articles,  viz  :  "An  Account  of  an  Improvement  made  on  the  Differ- 
ential Thermometer  of  Mr.  Leslie"  (1814),  Am.  Philosophical  Soc.  Trans.  I, 
1818,  pp.  301-306,  with  plate;  "Description  of  Two  New  Voltaic  Batteries," 
Sillimaii's  Journal,  VIII,  1824,  pp.  271-274.  "As  a  teacher  of  chemistry, 
whether  we  look  at  the  learning  and  perspicuity  of  the  lectures  in  which  he 
inculcated  the  lessons  and  doctrines  of  philosophy,  or  at  the  brilliancy  and 
success  of  the  experiments  by  which  he  illustrated  them,  he  was  perhaps 
unequalled,  certainly  unexcelled.  The  community  have  often  listened  with  admi- 
ration and  delight  to  the  exhibitions  of  pure  classical  taste,  the  coruscations 
of  a  sparkling  but  chastened  imagination,  the  bursts  of  commanding  eloquence, 
and  the  simple  but  learned  reasoning  by  which  his  introductory  lectures  to 
his  annual  course  were  characterized;  and  the  many  physicians  who  have  been 
educated  at  the  University  of  Maryland  will  long  hold  in  grateful  remem- 
brance the  distinguished  ability  with  which  this  beloved  professor  implanted 
in  their  youthful  minds  the  seed  of  knowledge.  In  the  case  of  the  deceased 
the  brightest  beauties  of  the  understanding  were  accompanied  by  the  most 
exalted  virtues  of  the  heart.  Like  Bacon,  Newton,  Locke  and  others — the 
most  eminent  philosophers,  like  Boerhaave,  Gregory,  Hey,  Good  and  others — 
the  most  distinguished  of  the  medical  profession,  he  sought  to  have  all  his 
talents  sanctified  by  the  spirit  of  religion  and  to  lay  his  literary  honors  at  the 
foot  of  the  Cross.  In  his  estimation  as  in  theirs,  it  is  the  highest  honor  of  man 
to  be  the  servant  of  God,  the  purest  and  most  valuable  philosophy  is  a  knowl- 
edge of  religion  and  the  faith  of  the  Gospel.  In  the  little  circle  to  which  only, 
owing  to  his  retiring  habits,  he  was  well  known,  the  memory  of  his  person  1 
virtues  will  be  fondly  cherished.  To  his  family  his  death  will  be  an  irreparable 
loss.  The  republic  of  letters  will  mourn  the  loss  of  one  of  its  brightest  orna- 
ments, and  the  Church  of  God  one  of  her  most  sincere  members  and  devoted 
friends."  [Dr.  Henshaw's  obituary.  Dr.  H.  was  rector  of  St.  Peter's  P.  E. 
Church,  of  which  Prof.  DeB.  was  a  vestryman  ;  he  afterwards  became  Bishop  of 
Rhode  Island.]  The  Fed.  Gazette  speaks  of  "a  highly  important  discovery" 
made  by  Prof.  DeButts  during  the  session  of  1823-4.  It  appears  to  have  been 
something  relating  to  electricity.  (See  biographical  sketch  in  Maryland 
Medical  Journal,  Sept.  i,  1882.) 

There  were  several  applicants  for  his  chair,  all  able  and  well-known 
men  of  science.^  His  mantle  fell  upon  Professor  Ducatel,  who  had 
held  a  similar  position  in  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  then  just 
reorganized,  and  who  was  in  every  way  worthy  of  the  honor,  which 
he  held  for  six  years  with  signal  ability. 

No  further  changes  took  place  in  the  personnel  of  the  Faculty  until 
1833,  when  there  were  two  resignations,  viz.  Professor  Samuel  Baker 
and  Professor  McDowell.     The  former  was  succeeded  by  Professor 

1  They  were  Professors  Patterson,  of  the  Univ.  of  Va.,  Franklin  Bache,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  Ducatel,  of  Baltimore, 


THIRD  PERIOD.  75 

Robley  Dunglison,  of  the  University  of  Virginia;  the  chair  of  Insti- 
tutes remained  vacant,  the  Professors  of  Anatomy  and  Practice 
agreeing  to  discharge  its  duties  jointly.  The  members  of  the  Fac- 
ulty bound  themselves,  in  consideration  of  the  withdrawal  of  Prof. 
McDowell  and  in  view  of  the  money  which  had  been  advanced  by 
him  for  the  expenses  of  the  University,  to  pay  him  an  annuity  of 
$1000  for  ten  years  if  he  should  hve  so  long.'  In  taking  this  rather 
remarkable  step — making  up  from  their  own  salaries  the  full  value, 
at  least,  of  his  professorship — the  Faculty  doubtless  appreciated  the 
negative  value  of  the  services  rendered  by  their  colleague.  The 
Trustees  repudiated  all  responsibility  of  the  University  for  this  debt, 
but,  conforming  to  a  stipulation  made  by  the  Faculty,  resolved  that 
the  diploma-fees  (which  were  at  this  time  restored)  should  stand 
pledged  for  its  payment.^ 

Samuel  Baker  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Oct.  31,  1785.  His  father,  William 
Baker,  emigrated  from  Germany  when  a  young  man  and  married  here  a  lady  of 
Irish  extraction.  After  receiving  a  classical  education  he  began  the  study  of 
medicine  under  Drs.  Littlejohn  and  Donaldson.  He  took  his  M.  D.  degree  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1808,  offering  a  thesis  on  "  Chorea."  In 
the  same  year  he  married  Miss  Sally  Dickens,  daughter  of  Rev.  John  Dickens, 
of  Philadelphia.  In  1S09  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the 
College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland  and  held  that  position  until  the  spring  of 
1833.  He  was  President  of  the  Baltimore  Medical  Society,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  from  disease  of  the  heart,  Oct.  16,  1835,  he  held  a 
similar  ofHce  in  the  "  Medico-Chirurgical  Society  of  Baltimore,"  of  which  he 
was  also  the  founder.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Library  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  and  as  such  was  the  founder 
of  that  collection  in  1830,  $500  being  then  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of 
books,  on  a  resolution  to  that  effect  offered  by  him.  He  continued  to  preside 
over  the  Board  and  to  take  a  profound  interest  in  the  Library  until  his  death. 
Two  of  his  sons  became  Professors  in  the  University.  He  was  a  zealous 
Methodist,  possessed  great  influence  in  the  community  and  had  a  large  prac- 
tice. A  portrait  of  him  appeared  in  the  Md.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  Vol.  I, 
1840.  Prof.  Dunglison  (notice  in  the  Am.  your.  Med.  Set.)  says  he  was  an 
amiable  and  excellent  physician,  courteous,  attentive,  benevolent,  laborious, 
exemplary  and  public-spirited,  strenuous  in  co-operating  in  every  proposition 
for  the  advancement  of  the  University  which  he  had  helped  to  found,  a  pattern 
of  religious  and  moral  goodness.     Multitudes,  he  says,  crowded  to  his  funeral, 

^  Before  the  resignation  was  offered  a  bond  was  executed  by  Professors 
Potter,  Hall,  Smith,  Geddings,  and  Ducatel  to  secure  the  payment  of  this 
annuity,  a  wise  procedure,  as  was  subsequently  proven.  The  last  payment  of 
this  annuity  was  made  Nov.  20th,  1842. 

2  Regents'  Minutes. 


76  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

testifying  to  the  value  and  extent  of  his  services  and  to  the  excellence  of  his 
character. 

Maxwell  McDowell  was  born  in  1771  and  died  in  1848  {Quina^i).  He 
was  in  Kentucky  in  1798,  and  in  York,  Pa.,  in  1S04.  In  180S-9  he  became  a 
Licentiate  of  the  Med.  and  Chir.  Faculty,  and  in  1810-11  was  attending  physi- 
cian to  the  Baltimore  General  Dispensary.  From  1814  to  1833  he  was  Pro- 
fessor of  Institutes  in  the  University,  and  in  1820  and  1825-1827  Dean  of  the 
Faculty.  From  1836  to  1841  he  was  President  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  declining  a  re-election  in  the  latter  year.  He  received  the  hon. 
M.  D.  from  the  University  of  Maryland  in  1818.  He  was  a  Presbyterian.  He 
•wrote  articles  on  the  "Treatment  of  Burns  by  Cold  Water,"  1800  [Qtcinaft), 
the  "  Pathology  of  Diabetes  Mellitus,"  1840,  and  a  very  curious  one  {Balto. 
Med.  and  Physical  Recorder,  1809),  in  which  he  gives  grounds  for  believing 
that  there  is  some  occult  and  more  direct  mode  of  communication  between  the 
alimentary  canal  and  bladder  than  by  the  blood.  The  fact  that  anatomy  fur- 
nishes no  proof  of  such  a  medium  presented  no  obstacle  to  his  acceptance  of 
such  a  theory.  Dr.  McDowell  is  represented  as  a  man  of  very  ordinary 
acquirements  and  but  little  force,  the  inferior  in  these  respects  of  all  his  col- 
leagues.    His  chair  was  considered  as  of  secondary  importance. 

Prior  to  this  time,  students  rarely  took  all  the  tickets  two  years  in 
succession.  It  had  been  customary  from  the  earliest  years  of  the 
University  to  take  only  four  tickets  (usually  Anatomy,  Surgery, 
Chemistry,  and  Practice)  the  first  year  and  all  the  tickets  the  second 
or  graduating  year.  At  this  time  a  change  in  the  regulations  was 
effected,  of  which,  doubtless,  the  withdrawal  of  Professor  McDowell 
was  an  essential  part.  The  Faculty  adopted  a  resolution  requesting 
the  Trustees  to  make  a  rule  requiring  the  students  henceforth  to 
take  all  the  tickets  both  years.  The  Trustees  acceded  to  this 
request,  and  ever  since  this  requirement  has  been  enforced.  The 
previous  custom,  however,  as  may  be  observed  from  a  perusal  of 
that  document,  is  7iot  a  violation  of  the  charter  of  181 2. 

Professor  Dunglison,  whose  writings  were  already  beginning  to 
give  him  a  national  reputation,  was  not  long  here  before  he  had  a 
call  to  a  larger  field.  In  1836  he  received  and  accepted  the  appoint- 
ment of  Professor  of  Institutes  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia,  and  for  thirty-odd  years  thereafter  he  was  one  of  the 
leading  medical  teachers  and  writers  of  that  city. 

Robley  Dunglison  was  born  at  Keswick,  Cumberland  Co.,  England,  in 
1798.  He  commenced  practice  in  London  in  1S19.  He  received  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  at  the  University  of  Erlangen  in  1824  and  was  called  from  London 
the  same  year  to  found  the  medical  school  of  the  University  of  Virginia.     He 


THIRD    PERIOD.  77 

was  also  Chairman  of  the  Faculty  of  that  institution.  In  1833  he  was  called 
to  the  University  of  Maryland,  as  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Hygiene  and 
Medical  Jurisprudence.  In  1836  he  became  Professor  of  Institutes  in  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  a  new  chair  specially  created  for  him  there. 
In  1868  he  retired  from  that  position  as  Emeritus  Professor  and  died  the 
following  year.  He  was  an  LL.  D.  of  Jefferson  College,  Canonsburg,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  a  member  of  numerous  literary  and  scientific  societies.  Pro- 
fessor Uunglison  was  one  of  the  most  prolific  of  American  medical  writers. 
He  wrote  numerous  volumes,  contributed  largely  to  periodical  literature,  and 
for  several  years  edited  himself  a  medical  journal  in  Philadelphia.  His  best 
known  work  is  his  Dictionary,  which  has  gone  through  more  than  twenty 
editions  and  is  now  edited  by  his  son.  He  was  "  one  of  the  foremost  teachers 
and  writers  of  his  day  "  (Gross.  See  also  Quinan's  An7tals).  According  to 
Allibone,  the  sales  of  his  principal  works  to  1858  exceeded  100,000  volumes. 

Professor  Dunglison's  place  was  supplied  by  the  election  of  Dr. 
R.  E.  Griffith,  of  Philadelphia,  a  well-known  writer  upon  Materia 
Medica  and  Pharmacy,  who  held  it  only  one  year. 

Immediately  after  the  close  of  the  session  of  1836-37,  Professors 
Geddings  and  Ducatel  presented  their  resignations.  Their  motives 
in  doing  so  are  not  upon  record,  but  they  had  relation  to  the 
unsettled  condition  of  the  University. 

Eli  Geddings  was  born  in  Newberry  District,  S.  C,  in  1799.  He  received  a 
classical  education  at  the  Abbeville  Academy,  and  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  in  that  town  in  1818.  Two  years  later,  after  examination,  he  was 
licensed  to  practice  by  the  Examining  Board  of  the  state,  and  he  entered  at 
once  on  professional  life.  He  attended  his  first  course  of  lectures  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1821-22.  He  moved  from  Abbeville  to  Charleston 
in  September,  1824.  He  received  his  medical  degree  in  1825,  at  the  close  of 
the  first  session  of  the  Medical  College  of  S.  C.  He  was  now  appointed 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  the  College.  For  a  year,  1826-27,  he  attended 
the  hospitals  in  Paris  and  London.  In  1828  he  resigned  his  demonstratorship 
and  opened  a  private  school  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery  in  Charleston.  He 
delivered  courses  of  lectures  to  his  pupils  on  Pathology,  Practice  of  Medicine 
and  Surgery,  and  Clinical  Lectures  at  the  Almshouse  Hospital.  In  1S31 
he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  the  University 
of  Maryland.  About  this  time  he  also  received  offers  of  professorships 
at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  the  University  of  New  York,  the  Cincinnati 
Medical  College,  and  the  University  of  Louisville.  In  1837,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  troubles  in  the  University  of  Maryland,  he  resigned  his 
chair  here  and  returned  to  Charleston,  where  a  new  chair  of  "Pathological 
Anatomy  and  Medical  Jurisprudence  "  had  been  created  for  him  in  the 
"Medical  College  of  the  State  of  S.  C."  In  1841,  on  the  death  of  Prof. 
Wagner,  he  became  Professor  of  Surgery.  From  1849  to  '^53  he  held  the 
chair  of  Practice,  but  resumed  that  of  Surgery  in  the  latter  year.     In  1858  he 


78  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

resigned,  but  on  the  premature  death  of  Prof.  P.  C.  Gaillard  shortly  after,  was 
persuaded  to  assume  the  duties  of  the  chair  of  Practice.  During  the  war, 
which  put  a  stop  to  the  college  courses,  he  held  an  appointment  as  surgeon  in 
the  C.  S.  A.  and  was  a  member  of  a  board  for  the  examination  of  medical 
ofBcers.  On  the  burning  of  Columbia  at  the  close  of  the  war  his  entire 
library,  which  had  been  sent  there  from  Charleston  for  safety,  was  destroyed 
by  fire.  This  was  one  of  the  finest  private  collections  in  the  country.  About 
the  same  time  his  surgical  instruments  and  apparatus  were  stolen.  On  the 
return  of  peace  the  College  was  revived,  mainly  through  his  efforts,  and  he 
assumed  his  former  chair.  In  1871,  owing  to  advancing  years,  he  was  com- 
pelled to  resign.  He  was  now  elected  Emeritus  Professor,  but  continued  to 
give  clinical  lectures  until  nearly  the  period  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Charleston,  after  a  brief  illness,  October  9th,  1878.  Professor  Geddings  was 
a  man  of  vigorous  frame  and  strong  intellect,  indefatigable  industry,  a 
laborious  student,  with  remarkable  powers  of  acquisition  and  retention.  A 
certain  apparent  sternness  of  manner  concealed  beneath  a  warm  heart  and 
glowing  human  sympathy.  He  upheld  inflexibly  the  dignity  and  honor  of  his 
profession.  He  occupied  the  loftiest  position  as  a  skillful  physician  and 
enjoyed  almost  the  monopoly  of  consultation  practice  in  Charleston,  where  he 
was  regarded  as  the  Nestor  of  the  profession.  He  contributed  copiously  to 
the  American  Jour,  of  Med.  Sciences,  his  book  reviews  especially  evincing 
critical  judgment  and  scholarship.  He  commenced  in  1833  a  quarterly  journal, 
the  Baltimore  Medical  Journal,  which  he  changed  to  a  monthly  in  1835,  giving  it 
then  the  name  of  the  North  American  Archives  of  Medical  and  Surgical  Science. 
He  was  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  American  Encyclopccdia  of  Practical  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery,  edited  by  Dr,  Isaac  Hays,  of  Philadelphia.  He  had  also 
prepared  the  manuscript  of  a  work  upon  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  which  he 
was  on  the  point  of  publishing  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war;  it  perished  in  the 
flames  at  Columbia  with  his  library.  (See  A  Biographical  Sketch  of  the  Pro- 
fessional Career  of  the  late  Prof.  Eli  Geddings,  M.  D.,  presented  to  the  Med. 
Soc.  of  S.  C,  by  Drs.  F.  M.  Robertson,  T.  L.  Ogier  and  J.  P.  Chazal,  a  com- 
mittee appointed  for  the  purpose.     Charleston,  1878.) 

Jules  Timoleon  Ducatel  was  born  in  Baltimore,  June  6th,  T796,  being  the 
eldest  son  of  Mr.  Edme  Ducatel,  a  prominent  French  pharmaceutist.  After 
receiving  an  education  at  St.  Mary's  College  he  entered  his  father's  store,  but 
this  employment  not  proving  congenial,  he  was  sent  to  Paris  to  complete  his 
scientific  studies.  He  spent  four  years,  from  1818  to  1822,  there,  making  many 
distinguished  friends  and  travelling  extensively  over  Europe.  In  1824  he 
married  a  lady  of  wealth,  but  shortly  after  meeting  with  financial  reverses,  he 
was  obliged  to  utilize  his  scientific  attainments  in  his  support.  His  first 
engagement  was  as  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  in  the  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute. He  next  obtained  the  chair  of  Chemistry  and  Geology  in  the  Faculty  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  in  the  University  of  Maryland,  and  in  1831,  on  the  death  of 
the  lamented  DeButts,  he  was  with  great  unanimity  and  against  most  eminent 
competitors  elected  to  the  vacancy  in  the  Medical  Faculty.     He  resigned  this 


THIRD    PERIOD.  79 

chair  in  1S37,  at  the  beginning  of  the  disruption  in  the  school.  From  1832  to 
1841  he  held  an  appointment  from  the  Legislature  as  State  Geologist,  and  in 
the  discharge  of  this  office  furnished  a  number  of  reports  and  maps.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  above  positions  he  also  held  for  some  years  the  chair  of  Chemistry 
in  St,  John's  College,  at  Annapolis.  In  1843  ^^'^  1846  he  took  part  in  expedi- 
tions of  exploration  to  the  Upper  Mississippi  and  Lake  Superior.  He  was 
taken  ill  after  the  latter  of  these  and  never  recovered  his  health.  He  died  in 
Baltimore,  suddenly,  of  congestion  of  the  lungs,  April  i,  1849,  aged  52.  Pro- 
fessor Ducatel  had  an  amiable  and  generous  disposition.  He  was  an  ardent 
and  enthusiastic  student  of  nature  and  was  ever  ready  to  impart  his  knowledge 
to  others.  He  was  foremost  in  all  social  and  scientific  enterprises  and  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Maryland  Academy  of  Science  and  Literature.  He 
was  a  high  authority  on  Geology.  His  principal  works  were  contributions  to 
Silli^nan''  s  Atnerican  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  \?!\^  Reports  z)oo\q,  referred  to, 
and  a  Manual  of  Practical  Toxicology.  He  also  edited  for  some  years  a  weekly 
literary  paper,  and,  towards  the  end  of  his  life,  began  the  publication  of  a 
Physical  History  of  Maryland.  He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society,  of  the  Royal  Geological  Society  of  Paris,  of  the  Georgofili 
of  Florence,  and  of  other  distinguished  bodies.  (An  extensive  notice  of  Pro- 
fessor Ducatel  appeared  in  the  Amer.  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  N.  S.,  Vol. 
VIII,  p.  146,  signed  by  A[lexander],  who  was  his  associate  in  geological  work.) 

We  approach  now  the  great  revolution  of  1837,  and  in  order  to 
give  a  clear  insight  into  all  the  circumstances  connected  with  the 
secession  of  the  Regents'  Faculty,  the  formation  of  another  school, 
and  the  long  and  famous  suit  of  Regents  vs.  Trustees,  it  will  be 
necessary  to  trace  somewhat  minutely  the  previous  relations  of  the 
Faculty  and  the  Trustees.  It  will  be  remembered  with  what  a  bad 
grace  the  Faculty  submitted  to  the  authority  of  the  Trustees  in  1826, 
and  how  they  were  only  deterred  by  the  most  formidable  obstacles 
from  testing  the  legality  of  the  law  deposing  them  from  their  rights. 
They  tried  to  nourish  into  vitality  a  faint  hope  that  things  might  not 
all  go  as  badly  as  they  anticipated.  They  were  forced  to  make 
application  for  their  former  positions,  which  had  been  declared  vacated 
by  the  Trustees,  and  to  receive  them  back  from  the  hands  of  the 
latter.  This  was  a  humiliating  proceeding  for  them  and  did  not 
leave  them  the  better  disposed  towards  the  new  rulers  who  had  been 
imposed  upon  them.  They  felt  keenly,  too,  the  loss  of  the  privi- 
leges and  authority  which  they  had  enjoyed  for  so  many  years, 
and  realized  painfully  the  inferior  position  to  which  they  had  been 
reduced.  A  feeling  of  irritation  and  hostility  on  the  part  of  the 
Faculty  was,  therefore,  only  natural  under  the  circumstances,  and  it 
was  heightened  by  the  opinion  of  the  eminent  legal  counsel  whom 


8o  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

they  had  consuUed.  The  attitude  assumed  by  the  Trustees  was  not 
calculated  to  bridge  over  the  chasm.  There  was  no  social  inter- 
course between  the  two  bodies  ;  the  Faculty  were  never  consulted, 
but,  as  it  seemed  to  them  at  least,  "  studiously  avoided."  According 
to  Professor  Potter,  the  Trustees  "  never  interchanged  an  opinion 
with  them  on  any  subject  connected  with  the  interests  of  the  school. 
They  were  inaccessible  except  by  letter,  and  held  the  opinions  of  the 
Professors  in  contempt." 

Prof.  Davidge  did  not  fare  better  at  the  hands  of  the  Trustees,  in 
regard  to  his  private  classes,  than  with  the  Regents.  Although  he 
made  personal  application  for  the  restoration  of  the  lost  privilege, 
Dec.  9,  1826,  and  although  his  application  was  seconded  by  the 
students,  the  appeal  was  in  vain.  This  must  have  been  a  bitter  dis- 
appointment, for  it  was  upon  this  very  point  that  he  had  been 
tempted  to  apply  to  the  Legislature  for  the  act  of  1825.* 

In  December,  1826,  an  event  occurred  which  intensified  the  bitter- 
ness of  feeling  already  existing  in  the  minds  of  the  Faculty.  A 
student,  named  Adreon,  brought  a  friend  into  the  yard  for  the  pur- 
pose of  showing  him  some  anatomical  preparation  which  he  had 
made.  This  was  against  the  rules  and  he  was  stopped  by  the  jani- 
tor at  "the  inner  gate."  An  altercation  ensued,  in  the  course  of 
which  strong  language  was  used  by  both  parties  and  the  janitor 
struck  the  student.  The  latter  did  not  return  the  blow,  but  preferred 
charges  against  the  janitor  of  insulting  language  and  personal  vio- 
lence, and  the  case  was  examined  into  at  the  office  of  Mr.  Roger  B. 
Taney,  who  was  then  the  Vice-President  of  the  Board.  The  janitor 
made  the  most  humble  apology,  pleading  that  he  had  a  wife  and 
large  family  dependent  upon  him,  and  recalling  his  good  character 
and  services  in  the  position,  which  he  had  held  "  from  nearly  the 
commencement  of  the  college."  He  acknowledged  his  imprudence, 
for  which  there  was  no  justification,  and  humbly  begged  for  mercy. 
This  was  humility  enough,  but  the  sequel  leaves  us  in  more  than 
doubt  as  to  its  sincerity.  The  apology  was  accepted  and  he  was 
allowed  to  retain  his  place. '^ 

In  1827  ("  without  shadow  of  right  or  law  "  0,  the  Professors  were 

'  Potter's  Sketch.  "  They  "  (Davidge  and  DeButts)  "  magnanimously  acknowl- 
edged it"  {i.  e.  their  error),  "and  were  the  first  to  complain,  and  repented  in 
sackcloth  and  ashes," 

'Minutes  of  Trustees. 

2  Prof.  Hall,  MS.  Records  of  University. 


THIRD   PERIOD.  8l 

deprived  of  the  graduation  fees,  of  which  they  had  alone  retained 
possession  in  the  transfer  of  the  revenue  of  the  University.  This 
item  of  income  was  claimed  by  them  as  a  special  perquisite  of  their 
chairs  and  an  inalienable  right  of  their  office.  They  looked  upon 
it  as  due  them  for  the  time  and  labor  required  in  the  examinations 
and  for  certifying  in  the  diploma  to  the  standing  and  capacity  of  the 
candidate.'  It  was  restored  to  them  in  1833,  when  it  was  estimated 
that  the  loss  incurred  by  the  Faculty  amounted  to  $6405,  viz.  427 
graduates  (from  1827  to  1833  inclusive)  at  $15  each.^  It  would 
appear  that  this  large  amount  had  not  been  turned  into  the  Univer- 
sity treasury,  but  that  during  this  interval  the  graduation  fee  had 
been  actually  abolished.' 

In  Dec.  1828,  Professor  Potter  made  the  observation  that  some  of  the 
students,  instead  of  proceeding  after  his  lecture  to  the  room  of  the  next 
lecturer,  were  in  the  habit  of  going  to  the  apartments  of  the  janitor.  His 
suspicions  were  aroused  and  he  determined  to  investigate.  Accord- 
ingly, one  day  he  unexpectedly  entered  the  janitor's  room  and  found 
several  students  engaged  in  gambling  and  drinking,  or,  to  use  his 
own  language,  "regaling  themselves  with  spirit  and  cards."  Now  it 
was  against  the  law  of  the  Regents  for  the  janitor  to  sell  liquor,  and 
he  privately  reproached  him  for  it.  The  janitor  first  denied,  then 
became  angry  and  finally  used  insulting  language.*  Professor  Potter 
preferred  charges  against  him  and  demanded  his  discharge,  adding 
that  he  had  already  been  guilty  of  an  offense  and  had,  therefore, 
forfeited  all  claim  to  further  indulgence.  The  committee  of  the 
Trustees,  charged  with  the  examination,  dictated  a  letter  of  apology, 
which  having  required  the  janitor  to  sign,  they  sent  to  Professor 
Potter.  They  also  passed  a  regulation  forbidding  the  janitor  in 
future  "  to  sell  liquors  of  any  kind,  fruit,  nuts,  cigars  or  tobacco,  or  to 
permit  the  students  to  play  at  cards  or  any  other  game  in  his  house 
for  money  or  any  other  thing."  Potter  was  not  satisfied  with  this 
action  nor  with  the  note  of  apology,  and  wrote  a  sharp  letter  to  the 
committee,  which  they  refused  to  receive  and  directed  it  to  be 
returned  to  the  writer.     They  determined,  nevertheless,  that  it  was 

1  Potter's  Sketch. 

2  Prof.  Hall,  MS.  Records  of  University. 

^"The  only  school  in  the  U.  S.,  so  far  as  known,  which  has  had  the  good 
sense  and  magnanimity  to  abolish  the  'graduation  fee,' is  the  Medical  Col- 
lege of  the  University  of  Maryland "  (Dr.  Benjamin  Lincoln,  Hints  on  the 
Present  State  of  Medical  Educatioit,  etc.,  Burlington,  1833.     Pampht.). 

4  "  Gave  the  lie."     Potter's  Sketch. 


82  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  MARYLAND. 

necessary  to  inquire  into  the  conduct  of  the  janitor,  generally  and 
in  this  particular  instance.  Professors  Davidge,  DeButts,  Smith, 
Hall,  Baker  and  McDowell,  and  two  of  the  students,  were  summoned 
before  the  committee  and  bore  unanimous  testimony  to  the  capa- 
city, general  good  conduct  and  valuable  services  of  the  janitor,  but 
Professor  Smith  thought  he  had  been  wanting  in  respect  to  him  upon 
one  occasion.  The  janitor  was  summoned  and  examined  as  to  this, 
but  the  committee  were  satisfied  that  he  had  been  guilty  of  no  dis- 
respect ;  he  was  accordingly  ordered  to  resume  his  duties.  But  war 
had  now  been  declared,  and  it  was  "  war  to  the  knife  and  the  knife 
to  the  hilt."  In  a  contest  of  Potter  vs.  Janitor  there  could  not  be 
any  doubt  as  to  the  result.  The  latter  threatened  personal  violence 
and  would  have  carried  out  the  threat  but  for  the  intervention  of  the 
Professor's  friends  among  the  students,  whom  he  could  scarcelj'' 
restrain  from  "  sacrificing"  the  irrepressible  subordinate.  "  I  had  to 
go  armed,"  he  says,  "  for  the  remainder  of  the  session.  The  class 
clamored  so  loudly  for  justice  that  the  Trustees  had  to  meet  and 
request  the  janitor  '  to  beg  my  pardon  or  say  he  was  sorry  for  what 
he  had  said.'  He  was  kept  in  office  till  spring,  selling  whiskey  and 
brandy  in  defiance  of  all  authority.  Early  in  the  spring  he  offended 
them  and  was  ejected  for  another  offense,  after  annoying  me,  as  the 
instrument  of  their  revenge,  for  half  the  session."'  This  is  not 
quite  correct,  for  we  have  it  upon  record  that  although  Professor 
Smith  made  a  second  complaint  against  the  janitor  the  following 
spring,  it  was  not  until  three  years  later  (Jan.  1832)  that  he  was 
forced  to  resign  his  position.  This  was  in  consequence  of  another 
complaint  made  by  one  of  the  students  and  accompanied  by  a  request 
from  the  Faculty  for  his  immediate  removal.  His  "resignation"  was 
accordingly  presented  and  accepted,  and  the  Dean  was  instructed  to 
take  charge  of  the  keys  until  the  vacancy  could  be  filled." 

During  the  session  of  1829-30  Professor  Smith  "converted  to  his 
own  use  a  part  of  the  dissecting  room  without  the  knowledge  or 
consent  of  the  Demonstrator."  This  would  be  thought  nothing  of 
nowadays,  but  in  the  time  of  the  Trustees  that  officer  was  not  with- 

1  Potter's  Sketch. 

*  Trustees'  Minutes.  The  writer  well  remembers  how,  many  years  after 
these  events,  the  venerable  Mr.  Peter  Smith  insulted  one  of  the  graduates 
because  he  would  not  purchase  a  tin  case  for  the  reception  of  his  diploma, 
that  worthy  seeming  to  regard  as  a  perquisite  of  his  high  office  the  profit 
(probably  enormous)  which  he  realized  from  the  said  sale. 


SAMUEL  CLAGGETT  CHEW,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  Principles  and  Practice  of 

Medicine  and  Hygiene. 


^nd  c>.„^. 


LIBRARY 

^^"^'ty  of  m^:i^ 


THIRD   PERIOD.  83 

out  authority.  He  objected  and  the  Trustees  ordered  restoration 
to  be  made.  This  circumstance  probably  left  its  impress  and  tended 
to  widen  the  breach  between  the  two  bodies. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  act  appointing  the  Trustees  pro- 
vided that  they  should  assume  entire  charge  of  the  pecuniary  affairs 
of  the  institution  and  pay  off  all  of  its  debts,  with  one  single  excep- 
tion; this  was  the  interest  on  the  $30,000  loan  of  1821,  amounting 
to  $1500  annually.  The  members  of  the  Faculty  of  Medicine  were 
required  to  give  bond  for  the  regular  payment  of  this  interest  and  they 
continued  to  pay  it  for  many  years.'  It  is  hard  to  comprehend  what 
justification  could  have  been  found  for  the  imposition  of  this  burden 
upon  the  Faculty.  The  money  had  been  borrowed  for  the  purpose 
of  paying  off  the  debts  of  the  University  incurred  in  the  erection  of 
buildings,  and  it  had  been  faithfully  devoted  to  this  purpose  under  the 
direction  of  a  ''  commission,"  appointed  by  the  same  Legislature 
which  had  made  the  loan.  The  University,  therefore,  having  been 
benefitted  by  it  and  not  the  Professors  in  their  private  capacity,  it 
was  clearly  a  debt  of  the  corporation  which  the  Trustees  should  have 
assumed  like  any  other  debt.  The  Faculty,  being  now  deprived  of 
all  control  over  the  income  of  the  corporation,  had  lost  the  means  of 
paying  it  upon  which  they  doubtless  originally  relied,  and  were 
compelled  to  make  it  up  from  their  private  resources.  Nevertheless 
this  did  not  deter  them  from  assuming  the  bond  for  the  payment 
of  the  annuity  to  Professor  McDowell  in  1833.'^ 

The  Infirmary  constituted  another  source  of  dissatisfaction.  It  had 
been  erected,  not  by  the  Board  of  Regents  nor  by  the  Faculty,  but  by 
several  Professors,  who  had  contributed  liberally  from  their  private 
means,  and  when  these  failed  had  borrowed  money  from  the  banks 
to  defray  the  expense,  and  the  deed  to  it  stood  in  their  names.  Yet 
the  building  was  seized  by  the  omnivorous  Trustees  and  held  despite 
the  protest  of  these  gentlemen,  who  were  further  required  to  contri- 
bute their  services  to  it  as  attending  physicians  free  of  charge.  As 
the  establishment  had  now  been  taken  possession  of  by  the  state,  as 
state  property,  the  several  Professors  made  out  a  bill  against  the 
Trustees  for  the  entire  amount  of  the  private  funds  which  they  had 
expended  in  its  erection  and  maintenance.  The  latter  refused  to 
pay  any  portion  of  this  claim,  and  an  appeal  was  made  to  the  Leg- 

'  Until  1838,  or  later. 

*  The  graduation  fees,  restored  to  the  Faculty  in  1833,  nearly  sufficed  to 
make  up  the  amount  due  on  the  bond. 


84  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  MARYLAND. 

islature,  which  passed  an  act  requiring  them  to  make  a  settlement. 
With  great  reluctance  the  Board  then  appointed  a  committee  of 
three  ^  to  investigate  the  accounts  of  the  University  and  report  what 
ifanysumwas  due  the  Professors  for  funds  advanced.  Professor 
Hall  was  appointed  on  the  part  of  the  Faculty  to  confer  with  the 
committee.  After  a  protracted  and  exhaustive  examination,  extend- 
ing back  to  the  year  1807,  the  committee  reported  on  the  nth  of 
October,  1830,  that  $15,474  were  due  the  Professors.^  According  to 
Prof  Potter  there  was  a  suit  still  pending  in  1838  for  the  recovery  of 
this  debt,  in  whole  or  in  part. 

The  management  of  the  Infirmary  was  severely  criticised.  Pro- 
fessor Potter  contrasted  the  entire  absence  of  expense  for  offices, 
stationery,  etc.,  under  the  Regents,  with  the  extravagance  of  the 
Trustees'  government  with  respect  to  these  items.  The  latter  had 
(for  example)  a  Secretary  of  the  Board,  the  son  of  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent, who  received  $250  per  annum.  Later,  the  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Infirmary  received  $200  for  his  services;  still 
later,  as  the  income  of  the  Infirmary  increased,  the  same  officer  was 
given  the  title  of  "Superintendent"  and  $400  a  year,  and  at  last  he 
became  "  Governor  "  with  $800  salary.'  This  officer  had  absolute 
control  over  the  affairs  of  the  institution.  Patients  were  admitted 
and  discharged  by  his  command;  he  appointed  the  subordinates;  he 
purchased  the  supplies  and  medicines  for  the  inmates ;  he  handled  all 
the  funds  and  paid  out  money,  and  one  of  the  senior  students  served 
as  his  secretary.  According  to  Professor  Potter,  the  medicines  were 
inferior  in  quality  and  were  purchased  wherever  they  could  be  gotten 
at  the  lowest  rates.  The  Professors  were  compelled  to  use  their  own 
instruments,  and  they  could  not  obtain  even  so  necessary  an  article 
as  leeches.* 

Professor  Potter  even  "  carried  the  war  into  Africa,"  and  detailed 
various  proceedings  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  which,  if  true,  were 
highly  discreditable.  For  instance,  he  states  that  in  order  to  get  rid 
of  opposition  the  "schemers  in  the  Board"  had  its  number  reduced 
by  the  following  device:  Three  of  the  members  were  Judges  of  judi- 

'  Messrs.  Gwynn,  McCulloh  and  Williams. 

^Vonex''s. Sketch.  According  to  a  report  of  Mr.  J.  H.  B,  Latrobe,  in  1852, 
the  Infirmary  was  transferred  to  the  Trustees  in  1832,  on  the  latter  assuming 
the  debt  due  the  bank  which  was  then  threatening  its  sale. 

2  Mr.  Solomon  Etting  held  these  offices. 

4  Potter's  Sketch. 


THIRD  PERIOD.  85 

cial  districts  of  the  state  and  were  "true  friends  of  the  school."  In 
order  to  get  rid  of  them  they  passed  a  resolution  that  absence  from 
four  successive  meetings  vacated  a  seat/  Then,  finding  that  these 
gentlemen  had  been  absent  three  meetings,  they  appointed  the 
fourth  on  a  day  on  which  the  Judges  were  to  sit  and  thus  expelled 
them  from  the  Board.  Again,  the  Regents  had  made  a  contract 
with  Messrs.  Yates  &  Mclntyre,  lottery  brokers,  which  stipulated 
that  they  should  pay  over  to  the  Regents  $2000  every  four  months 
until  the  privilege  was  exhausted.  Although  the  amplest  security 
was  given  and  the  terms  strictly  and  honorably  complied  with,  the 
Trustees  annulled  this  solemn  obligation  and  substituted  a  specific 
annual  sum.° 

The  charge  was  also  made  against  the  Trustees  that  they  ignored 
the  wishes  of  the  Faculty  as  to  the  appointment  of  professors.  With 
reference  to  this,  it  may  be  said  in  their  behalf  that  they  were  not 
bound  by  the  act  appointing  them  to  conform  to  such  wishes ;  but 
as  a  matter  of  fact  they  did  comply  with  every  request  of  the  Faculty 
upon  this  subject  up  to  May,  1837,  except  in  the  case  of  Professor 
Ducatel,  and  the  wisdom  of  his  appointment  was  not  questioned  by 
his  colleagues,  by  whom  he  was  much  beloved. 

I  may  here  allude  to  the  attitude  of  Professor  Potter  towards  the 
Trustees.  He  seems  to  have  been  the  most  bitter  against  them  of 
the  members  of  the  Faculty,  and  also  the  most  obnoxious  to  them, 
"  because  uniformly,  without  reserve,  at  all  times  and  in  all  places, 
exposing  their  acts."^  The  affairs  of  the  University  were  freely  dis- 
cussed with  the  students,  who  naturally  sided  with  the  Professors  and 
laid  the  blame  on  their  opponents.  The  Trustees  are  said  to  have 
"  declared  that  should  either  of  the  Professors,  in  their  intercourse 
with  the  students,  speak  disrespectfully  of  them  or  their  acts,  they  " 
(the  Professors)  "  should  forfeit  their  chairs  and  be  expelled  from 
them,"  To  this,  Professor  Potter  says  he  made  reply  publicly,  that 
if  they  would  let  him  appear  before  their  Board  he  would  give  them 
the  opportunity  to  resort  to  still  more  extreme  acts  of  tyranny.'* 

Early  in  1837  the  Faculty  endeavored  to  secure  the  passage  of  an 
act  by  the  Legislature,  giving  them  seats  in  the  Board  of  Trustees, 

^  Acts  of  Legislature,  Ch,  LXII,  3. 

^  Potter's  Sketch.  Is  it  likely  that  skillful  financiers  would  relinquish  a  legal 
contract  from  which  they  were  to  receive  large  profits,  without  full  compen- 
sation? 

3  Potter's  Sketch. 

*  Potter's  Sketch. 


86  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  MARYLAND. 

"  with  power  to  vote  on  all  matters  appertaining  particularly  to  the 
medical  department,  and  on  the  appointment  and  removal  of  a  pro- 
vost, professor,  lecturer,  tutor,  demonstrator,  or  other  officer  con- 
nected with  said  department,  or  on  questions  relative  to  their  duties 
or  the  duties  of  any  of  them,  or  on  the  establishment,  alteration  or 
abolishment  of  a  professorship,  lectureship  or  any  other  office  in  said 
department,  but  not  to  vote  on  fiscal  questions  or  on  business  of 
other  departments.'"  The  Trustees  of  course  opposed  this  measure 
and  presented  a  memorial  giving  the  reasons  why  it  should  not  be 
passed.     They  carried  their  point  and  it  was  rejected. 

But  the  circumstance  that  particularly  precipitated  the  crisis  was 
the  appointment  of  Dr.  Henry  W.  Baxley  to  the  chair  of  Anatomy, 
as  the  successor  of  Professor  Geddings.  Dr.  Baxley  first  became 
connected  with  the  Faculty  in  1834  as  Demonstrator,  succeeding 
Dr.  Samuel  Lyon.  At  that  time  Dr.  Augustus  L.  Warner  had  a 
private  dissecting  room  on  Cider  Alley,  just  in  the  rear  of  the  Uni- 
versity, but  on  his  election  to  a  chair  at  the  University  of  Virginia 
it  passed  into  the  hands  of  Dr.  William  N.  Baker,  a  graduate  of  the 
class  of  1832  and  son  of  Professor  Samuel  Baker.  Young  Baker 
had  been  well  educated,  and  possessing  a  fine  address  and  marked 
social  qualities,  was  a  general  favorite.  His  students  were  warmly 
attached  to  him  and  his  rooms  were  more  frequented  than  the  dis- 
secting rooms  of  the  college.  Dr.  Baxley,  on  the  other  hand,  was 
devoid  of  sociability  and  stood  much  upon  his  dignity  and  the  pre- 
rogatives of  his  office.  A  certain  amount  of  rivalry  thus  sprang  up 
between  the  two  dissecting  classes,  and  as  Baker  had  such  personal 
attractions  and  was  so  much  liked  by  the  students,  with  whom  the 
Faculty  kept  up  the  most  friendly  relations  during  the  difficulties 
with  the  Trustees,  and  especially  as  he  was  the  son  of  one  of  their 
colleagues  and  of  a  founder  of  the  school,  in  time  the  Professors 
began  to  give  the  preference  to  Baker. 

Woe  to  the  teacher  who  incurs  the  displeasure  of  the  class  in  a 
medical  college !  Medical  students  are  an  especially  rough  set  to 
deal  with,  although  the  classical  description  of  Bob  Sawyer  and  Tom 
Allen,  fortunately,  no  longer  applies  to  them  in  this  day.  In  the 
first  place  they  are  men  and  cannot  be  disciplined  like  boys,  and 
again  there  is  more  freedom  and  license  in  medical  than  in  other 
schools.  Much,  therefore,  depends  upon  a  teacher's  tact  and  per- 
sonal qualities.     Slight  deviations  from  etiquette  and  good  breeding 

^  Copy  of  proposed  bill,  MS.  Records  of  University. 


THIRD   PERIOD.  87 

had  better  be  overlooked  or  touched  upon  h'ghtly  and  pleasantly, 
else  there  will  certainly  be  a  "  row."  In  the  days  of  which  we  write 
students  were  less  tractable  than  now  and  it  required  a  vast  deal  of 
patience  and  self-control  to  deal  successfully  with  them. 

The  first  difficulty  which  Dr.  Baxley  had  was  with  a  student  in 
February  1S35.  In  a  communication  which  he  addressed  to  Pro- 
fessor Geddings  on  the  3d  he  complained  of  the  conduct  of  one  of 
the  students,  a  Mr.  Gilmer,  of  Virginia,  during  the  previous  day's 
lecture  on  anatomy.  He  charged  this  gentleman  with  "  taking  his 
seat,  a  seat  appropriated  to  the  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  and  which 
-he  had  been  accustomed  to  use  during  the  session,  and  refusing  to 
give  it  to  him."  He  says  that  the  offense  was  all  the  more  censur- 
able because  committed  in  the  presence  of  the  entire  class  and  the 
professor.  On  being  refused  his  seat  he  states  that  he  left  the  room. 
He  desires  to  know  "  what  course  he  should  pursue."  He  received 
a  reply  to  the  effect  that  Mr.  Gilmer  disclaimed  any  intended  disre- 
spect and  said  that  he  was  not  aware  of  the  seat  having  been  appro- 
priated, and  that  had  it  been  solicited  in  a  proper  manner  he  would 
not  have  retained  it.  In  answer  to  this  Dr.  B.  states  that  he  simply 
presented  himself  before  the  seat,  which  he  had  been  in  the  habit  of 
occupying  every  day,  and  which  Mr.  G.  had  relinquished  on  a  similar 
application,  by  manner,  on  a  former  occasion.  He  was  now  directed, 
however,  to  "go  on."  He  adds  that  "  he  would  have  considered  it  an 
improper  surrender  on  his  part  of  the  rights  of  the  station  he  held 
and  a  culpable  indifference  to  the  respect  due  to  that  station  from 
the  pupils  of  the  school,  to  do  other  than  plainly  intimate  a  con- 
sciousness of  those  rights  and  the  determination  to  require  that 
respect  to  be  observed."  He  accordingly  replied  :  "  I  will  occupy 
this  seat,  sir  !  "  to  which  receiving  the  answer  "  No  you  won't,  sir !  " 
he  retired  as  above  stated,  intending,  if  necessary,  to  bring  the  matter 
to  the  attention  of  the  authorities  of  the  University,  "  alike  compe- 
tent and  disposed  to  secure  becoming  subordination."  He  says  that 
he  has  heard  that  Mr.  G.'s  conduct  before  and  after  the  transaction 
did  not  accord  with  his  statements  to  Prof.  Geddings,  and  he  must 
therefore  request  a  written  disavowal  from  him,  or  a  written  state- 
ment of  that  disavowal  by  the  Dean  (Prof.  Dunglison).  The  latter, 
as  being  probably  most  easily  obtained,  was  accordingly  given,  and 
matters  were  thus,  in  appearance  at  least,  accommodated  for  the 
time.  But  it  is  probable  that  this  affair  left  unpleasant  impressions 
with  this  and  subsequent  classes.     Prejudices  are  easily  excited  and 


88  THE  UNIVERSITY   OF  MARYLAND. 

linger  long,  and  students  do  not  always  judge  according  to  the  right 
where  their  classmates  are  concerned.^ 

We  find  no  record  of  any  other  open  difficulty  during  Dr.  Baxley's 
incumbency  of  his  office.  He  seems,  however,  to  have  been  on 
intimate  terms  with  the  Trustees,  and  this  was  sufficient  to  make  the 
members  of  the  Faculty  look  upon  him  with  distrust  and  to  have 
given  rise  to  the  charge  by  Professor  Potter  that  Professor  Geddings 
had  been  "  banished  by  intrigue,  injustice  and  envy."^ 

It  was  known  to  the  Faculty  that  Dr.  Baxley  was  the  choice  of 
the  Trustees  for  the  chair  vacated  by  Professor  Geddings.  They 
unanimously  favored  the  appointment  of  Dr.  Baker.  Baxley  had 
now  become  so  offensive  to  them  that  they  had  determined  €iot  to 
remain  in  the  Faculty  if  he  were  admitted.  At  a  meeting  held  in 
the  Infirmary,  on  the  2d  of  May,  1837,  the  "arbitrary  and  inju- 
dicious acts  of  the  Trustees  and  the  unconstitutionality  of  the  act  of 
1825"  were  discussed.  At  a  later  meeting  Prof  Hall  reported  the 
opinion  of  counsel  on  the  probable  success  of  a  suit  and  urged  that 
one  be  entered  upon.  It  was  unanimously  resolved  that  if  the 
Trustees  should  make  an  appointment  to  the  chair  of  Anatomy  of 
"an  individual"  now  proposed  by  them,  in  direct  opposition  to  the 
nomination  of  the  Faculty,  the  Professors  should  resign,  and  the 
resignations  were  then  placed  in  the  hands  of  Professor  Hall,  the 
Dean,  to  be  used  in  accordance  with  the  resolution.  As  soon  as  the 
official  announcement  was  received  of  the  obnoxious  appointment 
having  been  made  the  resignations  were  delivered  to  the  Chairman 
of  the  Board.  Drs.  Potter  and  Hall,  senior  members  of  the  Faculty, 
in  resigning  their  appointments  under  the  Trustees,  expressly  retained 
those  formerly  held  from  the  Regents  under  the  charter  of  1812.° 

Having  declared  themselves  independent  of  their  late  masters,  no 
time  was  lost  in  reorganization.  The  two  senior  members  consti- 
tuted the  nucleus,  the  direct  successors  of  the  last  Faculty  under  the 
Regents,  and  they  elected  Professors  Smith  and  Griffith  to  the  same 
chairs  in  the  revived  Faculty  which  they  had  just  resigned.  Pro- 
fessor Hall  was  made  Dean  and,  as  Secretary  of  the  old  Board  of 
Regents,  was  directed  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  same,  a  majority  of 
them  being  still  alive.  In  accordance  with  the  notice  the  Regents 
met  and  resolved  to  obtain  further  advice  from  counsel  as  to  the 
legality  of  holding  lectures  the  next  sesssion  under  the  old  charter. 

IMS.  Records  of  University.  ''Potter's  Sketch. 

3  Minutes  of  Regents'  Faculty,  1837-9. 


WILLIAM  TRA  VIS  HOWARD,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  Diseases  of  Women  and  Childre7i,  and 

Clinical  Medicine. 


i!!^fy  of  v^-'C^ 


"s-:* 


THIRD  PERIOD.  89 

The  gentlemen  thus  consulted  (Messrs.  Martin,  Mayer  and  Evans) 
declared  that  the  Faculty  of  the  Regents  were  the  legitimate  Faculty, 
and  as  such  had  full  authority  to  lecture  and  confer  degrees ;  the 
"  Faculty  of  Law  "  entirely  concurred  in  this  opinion. 

A  few  weeks  after  the  secession  of  the  Faculty,  Professor  Griffith 
resigned,  having  received  a  call  to  the  University  of  Virginia. 

Robert  Eglesfield  Griffith  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Feb.  13th,  1798, 
graduated  in  medicine  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1820,  and  was 
physician  to  the  Philadelphia  Board  of  Health,  1834-36.  He  was  a  well- 
known  and  prolific  writer  upon  botany,  conchology  and  medicine.  On  the 
resignation  of  Professor  Dunglison  in  1836  he  was  called  from  Philadelphia, 
where  he  resided,  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  delivered  one  course  of  lectures 
here  on  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  during  the  succeeding  session.  His 
introductory  was  published  by  the  class.  On  the  rupture  which  took  place 
between  the  Faculty  and  Trustees,  in  1837,  he  adhered  to  the  Regents'  Faculty, 
but  shortly  after,  having  received  an  appointment  as  Professor  of  Theory  and 
Practice,  Obstetrics  and  Medical  Jurisprudence,  in  the  University  of  Virginia, 
he  resigned  his  chair  here.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  June  26th,  1850,  having 
been  in  bad  health  for  some  years  previously.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  American  Philosophical  Society  in  1828.  His  best-known  works  were  his 
Medical  Botany,  1847,  and  Universal  Formulary,  1848  (2d  edition,  1856).  He 
also  edited  the  works  of  Taylor,  Christison,  Gafrod  and  others  (Allibone,  etc.) 

Dr.  Samuel  G.  Baker,  a  younger  son  of  the  former  professor  of 
that  name,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  chair  of  Materia 
Medica.  The  departments  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  were  as- 
signed, for  the  ensuing  session,  to  the  Professor  of  Surgery,  and  Dr. 
John  Byrne  was  appointed  Demonstrator.  An  advertisement  of  the 
course  was  ordered  in  accordance  with  these  arrangements,  and  Pro- 
fessors Smith  and  Baker  were  constituted  a  committee  to  contract 
with  the  owner  for  the  use  of  the  southern  part  of  the  Baltimore 
House  (S.  E.  corner  Baltimore  and  Hanover  streets),  formerly 
known  as  the  "  Indian  Queen  Hotel,"  and  to  prepare  the  same  for 
the  reception  of  the  classes.  In  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted, 
Drs.  Potter  and  Hall  were  named  as  a  committee  to  co-operate  with 
other  committees  from  the  faculties  of  Law  and  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
in  the  management  of  the  impending  suit.  On  the  4th  of  October, 
Dr.  Wm.  E.  A.  Aikin  was  elected  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  was 
authorized  to  purchase  chemical  apparatus  on  the  credit  of  the 
Faculty  to  the  extent  of  $500. 

The  counsel  selected  by  the  j'oint  committee  to  carry  on  the  suit 
were  Messrs.  Meredith,  Evans,  Mayer  and  R.  N.  Martin,  all  promi- 


go  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

nent  lawyers  of  that  period.  They  were  requested  to  have  the  suit 
docketed  as  soon  as  possible  during  the  current  term  of  the  Balti- 
more County  Court.  A  retaining  fee  of  $150  was  proposed  and 
accepted  by  all  except  Mr.  Evans,  who  declined  any  fee  for  his 
services.^ 

Any  account  of  this  period  would  be  incomplete  without  some 
allusion  to  the  "outrage"  committed  on  the  night  of  the  21st  Sep- 
tember, 1837.  This  was  a  successful  attempt  by  the  Regents' 
Faculty  to  get  possession  of  the  University  buildings.  From  depo- 
sitions taken  subsequently  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Trustees,^  and  especially  from  the  statements  of  the  janitor,  the 
following  account  of  this  transaction  is  obtained :  Prof.  Samuel  G. 
Baker  called  at  the  house  of  the  janitor,  Thomas  Maguire,  within 
the  University  walls,  at  the  northern  extremity  of  Practice  Hall,  and 
finding  him  out,  left  word  with  his  wife  that  he  wished  to  see  him  at  7 
o'clock.  Accordingly,  at  that  hour  Maguire  repaired  to  the  Doctor's 
office,  where  he  was  told  that  the  Doctor  would  soon  be  in  and  to 
take  a  seat.  He  waited  until  8  o'clock  without  accomplishing  the 
object  of  his  visit.  Then  on  returning  home  he  was  surprised  to 
find  the  outer  gate  fastened.  He  rapped  and  his  name  was  demanded 
by  a  voice  within.  He  gave  it  and  was  told  that  he  could  not  enter. 
The  gate  was  then  opened  and  he  saw  Prof  Smith  within.  Prof. 
Baker  now  came  out  and  walked  with  him  down  the  alley  to  the 
tavern  at  the  corner  of  Paca  and  German  streets.  Here  they  met 
Prof.  Hall.  The  two  Professors  then  told  him  that  the  steps  they 
had  taken  were  adopted  in  accordance  with  the  advice  of  their 
counsel  and  with  the  object  of  getting  possession  of  the  property  of 
the  University.  He  then  went  to  the  Infirmary  and  reported  what 
had  taken  place  to  the  Governor  of  that  institution.  Here  he  found 
his  wife  and  a  woman  who  lived  with  them.  They  had  been  sent  out 
on  various  pretexts  when  the  premises  were  seized,  and  being  unable 
to  get  back  had  gone  to  the  Infirmary.  The  Trustees  were  con- 
vened the  next  morning,  when  Mr.  Nelson  was  directed  to  examine 
into  the  proceeding  and  make  arrangements  for  the  recovery  of  the 
buildings  from  "the  trespassers,"  and  Messrs.  Reverdy  Johnson  and 
McMahon  were  employed  as  assistant  counsel.  The  property  was 
held  until  the  afternoon  of  the  23d,  when  the  janitor  was  told  by 
Prof.  Hall  that  they  had  determined  to  give  it  up  for  the  present 
and  let  the  matter  take  its  regular  course  in  law,  and  that  he  could 

'Minutes  of  Regents'  Faculty.  ^ Minutes  of  same. 


THIRD  PERIOD.  QI 

get  the  keys.  He  then  went  to  the  gate  and  saw  two  of  the  students 
shutting  up  his  house.  They  offered  him  the  keys  but  he  refused 
them,  preferring  that  they  should  be  left,  as  agreed  with  Professor 
Hall,  at  a  neighbor's.  He  then  went  for  Mr.  James  W.  McCulloh, 
one  of  the  Trustees,  and  Prof  Baxley,  and  accompanied  by  them 
got  the  keys  and  examined  all  the  buildings.  They  found  some 
articles  missing  from  the  Museum  which  had  been  claimed  by 
members  of  the  Regents'  Faculty  as  private  property.  They  found 
in  one  of  the  rooms  of  his  house  three  vessels  that  had  contained 
liquors  and  a  coarse  bowie-knife  made  out  of  a  part  of  an  old  sword, 
which  one  of  the  young  gentlemen  afterwards  called  for.  This 
account  was  corroborated  by  other  witnesses.  Thus  ended  this  brief 
reign  of  martial  law,  and  fortunately  without  the  shedding  of  blood. 
Had  there  been  any  resistance  on  the  part  of  the  Trustees,  or  any 
attempt  to  recover  possession  by  force,  it  is  probable  that  the 
writer  would  not  be  able  to  chronicle  so  happy  a  termination  of  the 
affair. 

The  term  of  the  Indian  Queen  school  began  at  the  usual  time,  the 
last  Monday  in  October.  Nearly  all  the  city  students  attended  it, 
whilst  students  from  the  counties  and  other  states,  who  would  form- 
erly have  resorted  to  Baltimore,  were  diverted  by  the  distractions 
here  to  other  cities.^  There  was  a  very  noticeable  reduction  in  the 
total  number  of  students  attending  the  institution  as  now  represented 
by  its  two  divisions.  The  Regents'  lectures  were  delivered  in  a 
large  dining-room,  which  was  divided  into  two  compartments  by  a 
curtain.  Professor  Aikin  occupied  the  apartment  formerly  used  by 
the  barber  and  had  a  class  of  13.^  The  introductory  lecture  was 
delivered  by  Professor  Samuel  G.  Baker  and  was  upon  the  question 
then  uppermost  in  the  minds  of  himself  and  colleagues — the  Univer- 
sity and  its  recent  difficulties.  He  refers  to  the  enthusiastic  interest 
manifested  in  the  Regents'  school  and  the  widespread  sympathy  of 
their  fellow-citizens,  and  compares  the  entrance  of  the  Trustees  to 
Burr's  visit  to  Blennerhasset.  He  speaks  of  "  a  few  master-spirits 
of  faction  "  admitting  into  their  secret  conclave  an  inferior  officer  of 
the  school,  whose  pliancy  adapted  him  to  any  service,  and  gravely 
and  deliberately  planning  an  entire  revolution  in  the  organization  of 
the  medical  department.  That  this  lecture  was  in  bad  taste  cannot 
be  questioned,  but  we  must  remember  that  feeling  was  running  high 
at  the  time  of  its  delivery  and  that  the  author  was  smarting  under 

^  Memorial  of  Trustees,  Feb.  1838.         *Oral  communication  to  author. 


92  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

the  sense  of  great  injustice,  and  it  was  but  natural  that  there  should 
be  an  exuberance  of  sentiment  and  expression  in  one  so  young. 

The  Trustees  opened  their  session  about  the  same  time  "  to  a 
beggarly  array  of  empty  benches,'"  the  introductory  lecture  being 
delivered  by  Prof  Baxley,  and  printed  at  the  request  of  his  colleagues. 
The  Faculty  consisted  of  the  following :  H.  Willis  Baxley,  Prof,  of 
Anatomy  and  Physiology  ;  Henry  Howard,  Obstetrics  and  Diseases 
of  Women  and  Children ;  M.  A.  Finley,  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Medicine ;  Robt.  E.  Dorsey,  Materia  Medica ;  W.  R.  Fisher,  Chem- 
istry ;  John  F.  May,  Principles  and  Practice  of  Surgery ;  Ellis 
Hughes,  Demonstrator.'' 

Of  the  members  of  the  Trustees'  Faculty  H.  W.  Baxley  had  perhaps  the 
widest  reputation.  He  was  born  in  Baltimore,  in  1803;  graduated  at  the 
University  in  1824;  was  a  founder  and  Prof,  of  Anatomy  in  the  Baltimore 
College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1839,  and  was  Professor  of  Surgery  in  Washington 
Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1842-7  ;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Medical  College, 
Ohio,  1850,  and  of  Surgery,  1852  ;  Government  Inspector  of  Hospitals,  1865, 
and  died  1875.  He  traveled  extensively  in  Southern  Europe  and  in  the 
Pacific,  and  wrote  books  describing  those  regions  (see  Quinan's  Medical  Annals 
for  list  of  writings).  Henry  Howard  was  from  Brookville,  Montgomery 
County,  Md.  He  was  born  in  1791.  On  the  resignation  from  the  University 
of  Virginia  of  Prof.  R.  E.  Griffith  in  1839  he  was  appointed  to  the  vacancy  in 
that  institution,  and  held  his  chair  there  for  about  thirty  years,  or  till  near  the 
period  of  his  death,  which  occurred  March  2d,  1874.  Robt.  E.  Dorsey,  of 
Baltimore  County,  graduated  at  the  University  in  1819.  Died  1876,  aged  80. 
M.  A.  Finley  was  from  Washington  County,  Md.  John  Frederick  May  was 
an  eminent  physician  of  Washington  city.  After  leaving  the  University  in 
1839  he  became  Prof,  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  Columbian  College, 
Washington.  William  R.  Fisher  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1808.  He 
came  to  Baltimore  in  1827  and  established  a  pharmacy  about  1834.  He  was 
one  of  the  leading  spirits  in  the  Maryland  Academy  of  Science  and  Literature. 
He  delivered  two  courses  on  chemistry  in  the  University,  but  in  the  spring  of 
1839  he  was  attacked  with  partial  hemiplegia.  He  then  returned  to  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  recovered  sufficiently  to  accept  a  professorship  in  the  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy.  He  died  October  25th,  1842,  aged  34.  He  had 
a  medical  degree.  He  had  formed  a  plan  for  a  College  of  Pharmacy  in  Balti- 
more, but  his  sudden  illness  and  departure  prevented  his  carrying  it  out.  He 
was  "highly  cultivated";  "accomplished  and  eloquent";  "ever  ready  to  take 

'  Potter's  Sketch. 

^  Baxley's  lecture.  "  The  chairs  in  which  the  professors  recently  labored 
are  now  occupied  by  strangers,  having  in  vain  been  offered  to  almost  every 
prominent  medical  man  in  Baltimore  and  to  many  in  other  places  "  (Circular 
of  Regents'  Faculty,  1837). 


THIRD    PERIOD.  93 

the  lead  in  anything  useful  and  scientific  ";  "the  gifted  son  of  Pennsylvania  " 
(see  notice  by  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Jiucklcr,  Maryland  IMcdical  and S^irgical Jourval, 
October,  1839).  Ellis  Hughes  was  from  Annapolis.  lie  held  the  Uemon- 
stratorship  for  a  brief  period,  being  then  succeeded  by  Dr.  E.  J.  Chaisty. 

During  the  following  winter  the  Regents'  Faculty  presented  a 
memorial  to  the  Legislature  praying  for  the  repeal  of  the  act  of  1825, 
and  to  this  the  Trustees  offered  a  counter-memorial,  in  which,  whilst 
acknowledging  the  failure  of  their  session,  they  declared  that  "  the 
character  and  talents  of  their  Faculty  were  such  that  the  University 
by  another  season  would  fully  resume  its  former  standing."  '  At  the 
end  of  this  session  commencements  were  held  and  sixteen  students 
received  diplomas,  ten  of  whom  belonged  to  the  Regents'  school.^ 

Early  in  July,  1838,  Professor  Smith  resigned  his  chair  and 
accepted  the  chair  of  Practice  in  Transylvania  University,  at  Lexing- 
ton, Kentucky.'  Professor  Hall  was  then  elected  Professor  of 
Surgery  for  the  ensuing  session, "  to  give  as  complete  a  course  as  his 
attention  to  the  department  of  Obstetrics,  etc.,  would  allow,  by 
lecturing  every  day,  and  on  certain  days  twice."  Dr.  William  N. 
Baker  was  elected  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology.^ 

During  the  session  of  1838-39  twenty-four  students  attended  the 
Regents'  Faculty,  of  whom  nineteen  were  from  Maryland,  and  there 
were  seven  graduates ;  the  number  in  the  Trustees'  school  is  not 
known. ^  The  lectures  at  the  Indian  Queen  were  closed  somewhat 
prematurely,  as  the  proprietor  began  to  pull  down  the  old  building 
over  the  heads  of  the  class. 

Meanwhile  the  suit  against  the  Trustees  had  been  tried  in  the 
County  Court  and  decided  in  their  favor.  An  appeal  was  taken, 
and  early  in  1839  the  masterly  decision  of  the  three  judges  of  the 

1  Minutes  of  Trustees.  "It  remains  to  be  seen  whether  the  Trustees  can 
bestow  upon  them  "  (/.  e.  their  Faculty)  "the  reputation  and  public  patronage 
for  which  some  of  the  late  incumbents  have  expended  the  best  part  of  their 
lives  and  no  small  portion  of  their  fortunes  "  (C/Vrz^/a^  of  Regents' Faculty, 
beginning  of  session  of  1837-38). 

"MS.  list  of  matriculants. 

^Trouble  began  in  Transylvania  University  in  1837,  from  an  attempt  to 
remove  the  school  from  Lexington  to  Louisville.  Professor  L.  P.  Yandell  and 
others  seceded  and  successfully  established  a  new  school  in  the  latter  city. 

•'Minutes  of  Regents'  Faculty. 

5  Washington  College  had  this  session  53  students  and  17  graduates  (^/«. 
//.  Med.  Set.). 


94  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  MARYLAND. 

Court  of  Appeals  who  heard  it '  was  delivered  by  Chief  Justice 
Buchanan.  The  question  was  as  to  the  constitutionality  of  the  act 
of  1825.  The  opinion  of  the  judges  contained  the  following  decla- 
rations and  decision  :  That  the  University  had  none  of  the  charac- 
teristics of  a  public  corporation,  which  it  had  been  claimed  to  be. 
It  was  not  created  for  political  purposes  and  was  invested  with  no 
political  power ;  it  was  not  an  instrument  of  the  state,  created  for  its 
own  uses;  its  members  were  not  officers  of  the  state,  or  subject  to 
state  control  in  its  management,  and  none  of  its  property  or  funds 
belong  to  the  state.  The  state  was  not  its  founder,  it  was  merely 
the  creator  by  virtue  of  the  act  of  incorporation.  In  its  creation  the 
state  gave  it  the  capacity  to  acquire  and  hold  property,  and  what- 
ever property  the  corporation  has  is  its  own,  to  be  managed  and 
disposed  of  by  the  Regents  for  the  uses  of  the  Institution  in  such 
manner  as  they  may  judge  most  •  promotive  of  its  interests.  No 
donations  or  endowment  by  the  state  could  make  it  public,  but  it 
nowhere  appears  that  any  such  have  been  made.  The  interest- 
bearing  loan  of  1821  can  scarcely  be  called  an  endowment;  it  is 
rather  a  loan  to  a  private  corporation.  The  authority  to  raise  money 
by  lottery  certainly  was  not;  it  was  a  mere  privilege  costing  the 
state  nothing.  But  if  it  were  a  public  corporation  its  debts  were  the 
debts  of  the  state,  contracted  by  the  state's  own  officers,  which  the 
state  was  bound  to  discharge  instead  of  lending  money  for  that 
purpose  and  taking  security  for  the  payment  of  interest  on  it.  The 
corporation  is  as  much  private  as  the  individuals  were  before  the  act 
of  incorporation  was  passed.  The  charter  of  the  University  is  a 
contract  between  the  state  and  the  corporation.  The  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  says  no  state  shall  pass  any  law  impairing  the 
obligation  of  contracts.  The  franchises  of  the  University  are  vested 
rights  and  cannot  be  taken  from  the  Regents  by  any  act  of  the 
Legislature  without  the  assent  of  the  corporation.  The  state  had 
plighted  its  faith  that  the  franchises  should  remain  inviolate.  If  the 
state  had  the  right  at  will  to  revoke  this  grant,  it  had  the  same  right 
in  relation  to  railroads,  canals  and  other  corporations,  which  would 
not  be  pretended.     The  act  of  1825  aims  to  strip  the  corporation  of 

^Judges  Buchanan,  Stephen  and  Spencer.  The  other  three  composing  the 
bench  (Archer,  Dorsey  and  Chambers)  retired  from  the  case,  being  debarred 
by  the  fact  that  they  had  been  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.  The 
Regents  were  represented  by  Messrs.  Evans,  Mayer,  Martin  and  Meredith,  the 
Trustees  by  Messrs.  Reverdy  Johnson  and  Nelson  (Univ.  Records). 


THIRD   PERIOD.  95 

Regents  of  all  privileges  and  powers  conferred  upon  it  by  the  act 
of  its  creation — to  destroy  the  old  and  create  a  new  corporation  in 
its  place,  giving  to  the  latter  all  the  powers  and  privileges  of  the 
former,  with  others  additional  and  important.  It  deprives  the 
corporation  of  Regents  of  the  capacity  to  acquire  and  hold  prop- 
erty ;  it  even  goes  so  far  as  to  take  from  them  the  property  they  had 
already  acquired  and  give  it  to  others,  whom  it  connects  with  the 
political  power  of  the  state,  by  making  the  Governor  president  and 
authorizing  him  to  fill  vacancies.  Not  only  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  had  been  violated,  but  the  fundamental  principles  of 
right  and  justice.  The  Legislature  has  no  right,  without  the  assent 
of  a  corporation,  to  alter  its  charter  or  take  from  it  any  of  its  fran- 
chises or  property;  these  are  private  property,  regarded  as  such  by 
the  law,  and  are  under  the  safeguard  of  the  same  principle  that  pro- 
tects and  preserves  the  property  and  rights  of  individuals.  Vested 
corporate  and  individual  rights  rest  for  protection  on  the  same 
principle.  The  act  of  1825  was  a  judicial  act,  a  sentence  that  con- 
demned without  a  hearing.  It  is  necessary  to  declare  judicially  a 
forfeiture  before  the  Legislature  can  act.  The  franchises  can  only 
be  surrendered  by  deed  to  the  state.  Those  of  the  Professors  who 
accepted  appointments  under  the  Trustees  merely  joined  another 
corporation,  there  was  no  evidence  that  they  offered  to  resign  from 
the  corporation  of  Regents,  or  of  any  acceptance  of  their  resigna- 
tions by  the  said  Regents.  The  acceptance  of  positions  under  the 
Trustees  did  not  amount  to  resignations  of  those  under  the  Regents, 
and  did  not  dissolve  or  suspend  the  latter  corporation.  Therefore 
the  act  of  1825,  being  contrary  to  the  Bill  of  Rights  and  to  the  Con- 
stitutions of  the  United  States  and  the  State  of  Maryland,  was  null 
and  void.' 

The  author  has  given  this  lengthy  epitome  of  the  Court's  decision 
because  it  settles  authoritatively  many  points  with  reference  to  the 
status  of  the  University,  and  gives  a  clearer  idea  than  the  reader  could 
otherwise  have  of  its  scope  and  functions  ;  and  because  it  is  a  docu- 
ment that  applies  not  to  that  one  time  and  occasion  only,  but  will  stand 
for  all  time.  Moreover,  it  determines  momentous  questions  of 
general  interest  to  the  public,  no  less  than  to  those  for  whom  it  was 
originally  pronounced. 

Immediately  after  the  decision  was  rendered  the  Regents  met  and 
prepared  a  memorial  for  presentation  to  the  Legislature,  then  in 

^Printed  opinion  of  the  Court.     Pamphlet. 


96  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

session.  In  it  they  asked  the  state  to  direct  her  agents,  the  Trustees, 
to  surrender  their  property  to  them.  But  the  Trustees  were  still 
unwilling  to  abandon  the  fight  and  determined  to  resist  to  the  last. 
It  seems  that  they  apprehended  another  "  outrage  "  by  the  Regents' 
Faculty,  for  on  the  15th  of  January,  1839,  they  passed  a  resolution 
authorizing  the  employment  of"  watchmen  and  other  proper  guards 
for  the  protection  of  the  buildings  and  premises."  They  also  pre- 
sented, on  the  ist  of  March,  a  memorial  to  the  Legislature,^  in  which 
they  said  that,  as  agents  of  the  state,  they  held  certain  "fee-simple 
and  leasehold  property,  viz.  the  Medical  College  and  its  adjacent 
buildings,  the  Infirmary  purchased  in  1832  by  the  Trustees  with 
state  funds  for  $12,000,^  together  with  the  lot  adjoining  thereto,^ 
also  purchased  with  state  funds  by  the  Trustees  in  1833  for  |6ooo, 
and  the  Baltimore  College  surrendered  and  conveyed  to  the  Trustees 
in  1831,  the  whole  property  being  valued  at  ^87,916.67;  as  also 
certain  personal  property  derived  from  the  state  funds,  to  the  amount 
of  $18,000;  excepting  therefrom  a  special  bequest  of  $5000  by  Mr. 
Gray  to  the  Trustees  for  the  use  of  the  Infirmary  in  1833,  and  a  few 
articles  of  minor  importance.  They  therefore  pray  the  state,  in  view 
of  the  preservation  of  its  rights  in  its  own  property,  thus  acquired 
and  held,  not  by  any  legislation  to  surrender  up  the  possession  of 
the  same,  as  asked  by  the  Regents,  but  to  leave  the  rights  of  others 
thereto  to  be  inquired  into  by  the  tribunals." 

The  two  memorials  were  referred  to  a  joint  committee  of  the 
two  houses,  who  brought  in  a  lengthy  report,  reviewing  the  origin  of 
the  questions  at  issue,  recognizing  fully  the  "  individual  merits  and 
hazards  "  of  the  Professors  in  founding  and  maintaining  the  insti- 
tution, and  recommending  the  passage  of  a  bill  restoring  the  property 
to  the  Regents  in  accordance  with  their  just  request.  This  bill  was 
accordingly  passed.* 

^  Minutes  of  Trustees, 

2  This  was  less  than  the  cost,  according  to  a  statement  of  Professor  Hall,  pre- 
viously referred  to. 

3  This  was  the  comer  lot,  since  covered  by  an  extension  eastward  of  the 
Infirmary'. 

*  In  passing  the  act  of  restitution  the  Legislature  required  the  Regents  to 
"  certify  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  state  that  the  property  and  estate  of  the 
University  shall  never  be  disposed  of  or  converted  to  any  other  use  than  that 
of  Medical  Science  or  the  Arts  and  Sciences  generally,  without  the  consent  of 
the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland,"  which,  in  the  event  of  a  violation  of  this 
obligation,  shall  have  power  to  "  take  possession  of  and  control  and  direct  the 


JULIAN  7.  CHlSOI.iM,  M.  D. 
Professor  of  Diseases  of  tlie  Eve  and  Eii 


fsOfy/ty    oT^y^ 


.     THIRD    PERIOD.  97 

On  the  ist  of  April  Mr.  Solomon  Etting,  the  "  Governor  "  of  the 
Infirmary,  resigned,  and  on  the  6th  of  the  same  month  Dr.  Ashton 
Alexander,  Provost  of  the  Regents,  addressed  a  communication  to 
Mr.  Nathaniel  Williams,  transmitting  a  certified  copy  of  the  act  of 
the  Assembly  above  referred  to,  together  with  a  copy  of  the  certifi- 
cate transmitted  by  the  Regents  in  pursuance  of  the  5th  section  of 
the  same,  and  notifying  him  that  the  Regents  had  appointed  Charles 
F.  Mayer,  Esq.,  A.  B.  Cleveland,  M.  D.,  and  R.  W.  Hall,  M.  D.,  a 
committee  with  authority  on  their  behalf,  "  to  receive  all  the  estate,  real 
and  personal,  including  all  stocks,  monies,  evidences  of  debt  and 
choses  in  action,  in  the  hands  or  under  the  control  of  the  Trustees, 
and  that  the  said  committee  would  be  in  attendance  at  the  University, 
April  loth,  at  10  A.  M.,  to  accept  the  transfer."  Mr.  Williams 
replied  on  the  8th  that  the  Regents  or  a  portion  of  them  had  taken 
actual  possession  of  the  College  and  Infirmary  some  days  before,* 
and  that  he  had  not  therefore  deemed  a  formal  transfer  necessary ; 
that  the  stocks,  money  and  evidences  of  debt  were  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Treasurer  of  the  Trustees,  who  was  ready  to  hand  over 
the  same,  "  on  the  suit  in  chancery  of  Potter  and  others  against  the 
Trustees,  and  the  two  suits  brought  by  the  Regents  against  him,  all  in 
the  Baltimore  County  Court,  being  entered  satisfied  or  stricken  off"; 
that  the  only  chose  in  action  belonging  to  the  Trustees  was  an  unsat- 
isfied judgment  in  the  said  court  against  David  Hoffman,  Esq., 
which  was  in  charge  of  William  Gwynn,  Esq." 

On  the  gth  of  April  the  committee  met  Mr.  Joseph  B.  Williams, 
the  Treasurer  of  the  "  late  "  Board  of  Trustees,  and  received  from 
him  the  following : 

said  property  and  estate  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  general  science." 
There  was  much  debate  in  the  Board  of  Regents  as  to  compliance  with  this 
requirement.  It  was  finally  decided  to  issue  the  certificate,  Messrs.  Meredith, 
Hoffman  and  Hall  voting  in  the  negative.  Another  act,  passed  the  same 
session,  makes  valid  all  the  diplomas  granted  by  the  Medical  Faculty,  from 
1826  to  1839  inclusive.  When  it  was  found  that  the  state  had  no  control  of 
the  University  of  Maryland  there  was  some  suggestion  made  in  the  Legisla- 
ture of  a  "  State  University,"  but  it  was  not  carried  out. 

^  There  was  some  hesitation  in  taking  possession,  when  Mr.  Geo.  W.  Milten- 
berger  and  two  other  students  went  to  the  back  gate  and  rapped.  The  Janitor 
was  called  out  and  the  party  slipped  in  and  locked  the  door  on  the  inside. 
The  Faculty  were  then  notified  and  came  in.  The  Trustees  made  no  attempt 
to  eject  them  (oral  communication  from  Prof.  Miltenberger). 

-  IMinutes  of  Trustees. 


98  THE   UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 

"  I.  A  certificate  of  stock  of  the  State  of  Maryland,  signed  by 
George  Macubin,  Treasurer  Western  Shore  of  Maryland,  date  8th 
December,  1829,  for  $5000,  bearing  interest  at  5  p.  c,  redeemable 
after  the  31st  of  March,  1844,  being  the  proceeds  of  a  bequest  of 
$5000,  made  by  George  Gray,  in  favor  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland  for  the  Baltimore  Infirmary. 

2.  A  certificate  of  stock  of  the  State  of  Maryland,  dated  May 
nth,  1837,  for  $1000,  with  5  p.  c.  interest,  redeemable  after  1843. 

3.  A  certificate  of  the  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  for  |6ooo,  July  25th,  1836, 
bearing  6  p.  c.  interest. 

4.  A  certificate  of  the  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  for  $4000,  August  4th,  1836, 
bearing  6  p.  c.  interest. 

5.  $1791.49,  balance  of  money  remaining  in  the  said  Williams' 
hands." ' 

These  arrangements  being  consummated,  the  Faculty  had  the 
satisfaction  of  securing  possession  of  the  college  premises  suffi- 
ciently early  to  hold  their  commencement  in  the  college  building  on 
the  1 2th  of  April,  1839,  and  there  to  confer  their  degree  upon  the 
seven  graduates.  The  keys  of  the  Academic  Department  were 
turned  over  to  the  Regents  early  in  May. 

Thus  ended  the  reign  of  the  Trustees.  They  fought  hard  for 
place  and  power,  and  they  are  not  responsible  for  having  been  the 
representatives  of  wrong  and  injustice.  They  displayed  energy, 
capacity  and  forbearance  that  under  other  circumstances  would  have 
insured  success  and  honor.  They  had  insurmountable  obstacles  to 
contend  with,  and  we  must  judge  them  impartially  and  with  due 
regard  to  the  difficulties  of  their  position.  They  had  under  them  a 
hostile  Faculty,  who  took  every  opportunity  to  arouse  against  them 
the  prejudices  of  their  classes  and  of  the  community.  They  defended 
themselves  with  vigor  and  intelligence.  In  their  memorial  to  the 
Legislature,  dated  March  7th,  1837 — objecting  to  the  admission  to 
their  Board  of  members  of  the  Faculty — they  declared  that  the  insti- 
tution at  the  time  of  their  advent  was  in  a  state  of  anarchy  and  the 
charter  ignored ;  in  confirmation  of  which  statements  they  pointed 
to  representations  made  by  members  of  the  Faculty  themselves,  and 
to  the  report  of  the  joint  committee  of  the  two  houses  appointed  to 
examine  into  the  state  of  the  University.  According  to  this  report, 
although  |ioo,ooo  had  been  expended,  only  two  of  the  four  facul- 

^  Minutes  of  Trustees.  All  attempts  to  secure  from  the  Trustees  a  statement 
of  accounts  were  in  vain. 


THIRD    PERIOD.  99 

ties — those  of  law  and  medicine — had  gone  into  full  operation,  whilst 
all  the  funds  had  been  applied  by  the  Faculty  of  Physic  to  their  own 
benefit,  none  being  appropriated  to  the  other  departments;  the 
charter  was  radically  defective,  and  the  Regents  met  irregularly 
and  at  long  intervals,  and  had  neglected  to  makes  rules  and  regula- 
tions for  the  discipline  of  the  University  as  required  by  the  charter. 
They  pointed  to  the  advantages  of  having  an  independent  board  to 
manage  the  affairs  of  the  institution — "  a  board  free  from  the  influ- 
ence of  personal  interest,  and  therefore  looking  to  the  promotion  of 
the  general  good,  removed  from  the  operation  of  prejudice  or  par- 
tiality by  official  station,  and  therefore  unbiased  in  extending  justice 
to  all  those  employed  in  performing  the  detailed  duties  necessary  to 
the  fulfillment  of  the  whole  design ;  a  government  which  now  pre- 
vails and  has  been  found  to  be  productive  of  the  happiest  results  in 
all  the  Universities  of  this  country."  The  then  prosperous  condition 
of  the  University,  with  reference  to  pecuniary  affairs,  they  said,  was 
admitted  by  the  Faculty,  who  yet  intimated  that  the  gradual  diminu- 
tion in  the  classes  had  been  due  to  their  misgovernment.  In  answer 
to  this,  they  said  that  the  classes  during  the  previous  eight  years  had 
varied  but  little,  and  they  attributed  the  loss  of  patronage  previous  to 
that  time  to  the  resignation  of  Prof  Pattison,  whose  personal  popu- 
larity had  attracted  so  many,  and  to  the  rapid  multiplication  of 
medical  schools.  In  answer  to  an  objection  from  the  Faculty  to 
their  requiring  all  students  to  take  the  ticket  of  the  Demonstrator 
once  at  least  before  graduation,  on  the  ground  that  this  obtained 
in  no  other  school  in  the  United  States,  they  quoted  Prof.  Dunglison 
to  the  effect  that  most  of  the  schools  require  one  year's  attendance 
on  the  clinics,  and  some  the  same  on  practical  anatomy,  in  addition 
to  two  courses  of  the  professor  of  anatomy.  In  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  the  candidate  for  the  degree  of  M.  D.  was  required  to 
have  attended  one  course  of  dissections  and  one  of  anatomical  demon- 
strations, and  two  of  these  were  required  for  the  degree  of  surgeon.' 
But  as  the  Demonstrator  in  the  University  was  also  a  "lecturer," 
there  was  no  choice  in  the  matter,  as  the  charter  prescribed  attend- 
ance as  a  duty.     As  a  matter  of  simple  justice,  too,  it  was  demanded, 

'  Practical  Anatomy  was  not  absolutely  imperative  at  the  University  of 
Edinburgh  until  1833  [Hist,  Sketch  of  Edinburgh  Anatom.  School,  by  John 
Struthers,  1867).  It  was  not  until  about  1848  that  the  schools  in  this  country 
began  to  make  it  compulsory,  the  University  being  either  first  or  second  to  do 
so.     See  note  further  on. 


lOO  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

since  the  Faculty  had  required  that  the  Demonstrator  should  pay 
one-seventh  of  the  current  expenses  of  the  school. 

These  objections  lose  much  of  their  weight  on  close  inspection.  It 
is  true  that  the  Medical  Faculty  had  used  the  funds  for  their  own 
department,  but  then  they  raised  these  funds — by  direct  contribution, 
by  loan,  or  by  successful  management  of  the  lotteries.  The  other 
faculties  had  the  same  opportunity  as  they,  but  made  no  effort. 
Nothing  could  be  expected  from  the  Divinity  Faculty,  organized  as 
it  was,  and  as  for  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  the  Trustees  had 
themselves  made  no  great  progress  in  the  building  up  of  that.  The 
"  anarchy  "  was  probably  an  exaggerated  expression  ;  at  any  rate  it 
did  not  appear  to  keep  away  students,  who  flocked  to  the  school  in 
greater  numbers  during  the  period  of  so-called  anarchy  than  during 
the  period  of  presumably  correct  government  which  succeeded 
under  the  Trustees.  The  defects  of  the  charter  and  the  neglect  of 
the  Regents  did  not  warrant  the  radical  measures  adopted  so  incon- 
siderately in  1825.  There  was  no  reason  to  suppose  the  institution 
would  have  been  in  a  less  prosperous  condition  in  1837,  with  refer- 
ence "  to  pecuniary  affairs,"  if  the  Faculty  had  remained  in  control ; 
on  the  contrary,  had  they  not  been  interfered  with,  it  could  easily  be 
supposed,  that  with  larger  classes  and  a  greater  income,  their  finan- 
cial resources  would  have  exceeded  those  of  the  Trustees.  The 
objection  with  regard  to  the  Demonstrator  seems  well  taken,  but 
even  here  we  must  recollect  how  long  ago  that  was  and  make  some 
allowance  for  the  undeveloped  training  of  those  days.  With  regard 
to  the  best  method  of  government  of  the  school,  it  became  an 
abstract  question  by  the  decision  of  the  court.  Granted  that  the 
mode  of  government  selected  was  not  the  best,  still  success  under 
this  plan  is  not  impossible,  nor  is  it  unknown.  There  is  always  a 
conservative  element  in  every  faculty  which  tends  to  preserve  the 
equilibrium  between  extremes,  and  public  sentiment,  if  not  con- 
sciousness of  right,  is  becoming  an  ever  stronger  check  upon 
irresponsible  boards  of  medical  teachers. 

A  few  brief  additions  will  complete  the  history  of  this  period. 
The  amount  authorized  to  be  raised  by  the  lottery  of  1807  was 
$40,000,  and  by  that  of  1816  |ioo,ooo.'     The  amount  actually  real- 

^  The  first  act  was  passed  during  the  session  of  1807-8  ;  there  were  two  sup- 
plements to  this,  one  in  1808-9  (merely  providing  for  a  change  of  commis- 
sioners), the  other  in  1811-12.  The  $100,000  act  was  passed  Jan.  4th,  1816. 
It  required  that  $50,000  of  the  amount  should  be  used  for  chemical  and  scien- 


THIRD    PERIOD. 


lOI 


ized  from  these  enterprises  up  to  1830  was  $77,000.  Adding  to  this 
the  $30,000  loaned  by  the  state  and  further  sums  borrowed  or 
advanced  by  the  professors,  and  we  have  an  aggregate  of  about 
$11 7,000,  which  was  applied  as  follows  :* 


For  lot  on  which  medical  buildings  stand,  with 

enclosure,   . 
The  said  buildings,    . 
Chemical  apparatus, 
Medical  library, 
Anatomical  museum. 
Infirmary — building,  .         .         $15,000  00 

furniture,         .         .  2,500  00 


$15,600  00 

65,000  00 

8,300  00 

2,600  00 

8,000  00 


17,500  00 


$117,000  00 

During  the  session  of  1828-9  it  was  found  that  these  lotteries 
interfered  with  other  revenues  of  the  state  from  the  same  source  and 
the  Legislature  became  desirous  of  putting  a  stop  to  their  further 
operation.  Accordingly  a  conference  was  held  with  a  committee  of 
the  Trustees,  as  the  result  of  which  a  bill  was  passed  directing  the 
State  Treasurer  to  pay  over  to  the  Trustees  $5000  yearly  until  the 
balance  of  the  amount  previously  authorized  to  be  raised  was 
received. 

Mention  has  been  made  of  the  Gray  legacy.  This  was  $5000 
bequeathed  to  the  Infirmary  in  1829  by  a  patient,  Mr.  George  Gray, 
presumably  from  gratitude  for  care  and  attention  received  during 
his  residence  in  it.  This  bequest  was  used  by  the  Medical  Faculty 
for  the  erection  of  the  corner  addition  to  the  Infirmary  in  1852, 
which  was  secured  by  a  deed  executed  to  the  Board  of  Regents. 

In  December,  1836,  a  new  seal  was  procured,  in  accordance  with 
a  resolution  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  adopted  in  1833.  It  is 
described  as  "  bearing  as  a  device  the  arms  of  the  State  of  Maryland 
on  a  shield,  with  a  shield  appended  thereto  by  a  chain  with  the 
words  '  University  of  Maryland,  incorporated  A.  D.  1812.'  "' 

In  March,  1837,  the  University  was  assessed  $63.39  for  opening 
Lombard  street.^ 

tific  apparatus  and  anatomical  preparations,  the  balance  to  pay  off  the  debts  of 
the  institution,  to  build  and  to  furnish  the  buildings.     See  p.  20,  note. 

^  Joint  memorial  of  Trustees  to  Legislature,  1830. 

-  Minutes  of  Trustees.  "  Minutes  of  Trustees. 


I02  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

An  event  which  was  regarded  with  much  interest  at  the  time  was 
the  opening  of  the  Academic  or  Literary  Department  in  1830.  The 
Faculty  of  1812  had  been  continued  with  more  or  less  alterations  up 
to  1826,  but  had  never  actually  discharged  the  duties  of  their  office. 
On  the  advent  of  the  Trustees  they  were  removed  from  office  and 
successors  appointed.  An  effort  appears  to  have  been  made  in 
Dec,  1828  to  put  this  department  in  operation,  for,  according  to 
the  Minutes  of  the  Trustees,  "  an  appropriation  not  exceeding  $400 
was  made  to  rent  rooms  and  furnish  them  in  the  central  part  of  the 
city  to  accommodate  the  Professors  of  Geology  and  Mineralogy,^  of 
History  and  of  Moral  Philosophy  and  the  professors  of  the  other 
departments  not  connected  with  the  Medical  Faculty,  and  the  pro- 
fessors in  said  departments  were  required  to  proceed  to  the  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  their  professorships. "°  The  results  of  this  essay 
were,  however,  extremely  meagre,  and  it  was  not  until  1830  that  any 
real  advance  was  made.  In  that  year  a  joint  memorial  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Legislature  by  the  Trustees  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land and  the  Trustees  of  the  Baltimore  College,  asking  that  the  two 
might  be  united,  the  latter  to  surrender  its  charter  and  turn  over  its 
property  to  the  Trustees  of  the  University.  The  college  which  it 
was  thus  proposed  to  absorb  originated  from  Mr.  James  Priestley's 
Academy  on  "  St.  Paul's  Lane  ";  it  was  chartered  in  1803,  and  was 
organized  in  1804  by  Bishop  Carroll  and  others  with  the  aid  (of 
course)  of  a  lottery.  In  1811  it  was  moved  to  new  quarters  on  Mul- 
berry street,  where  it  had  a  brief  career.  In  1821  it  was  reopened, 
but  again  languished.^  In  compliance  with  the  joint  memorial  the 
Legislature  passed  a  bill  turning  over  the  property  and  franchises  of 
the  college,  conditional  upon  the  payment  of  a  debt  of  $7000  which 
rested  upon  it.  This  condition  was  complied  with  by  the  Trustees, 
and  due  preparations  having  been  made,  the  department  of  Arts 
and  Sciences  was  opened  with  a  faculty  of  eleven  professors  in  the 
fall  of  the  same  year,  by  a  public  address  delivered  by  Mr.  John  P. 
Kennedy,  Professor  of  History.  In  the  course  of  this  address  Mr. 
Kennedy  made  an  admission  which  foreshadowed  the  failure  of  the 
effort.  He  said  "  there  is  no  hope  of  an  adequate  reward  "  (for  the 
professors)  ;  "  the    Faculty  do   not  expect    that."*     Now,  teachers 

^  J.  T.  Ducatel  was  professor  of  mineralogy  and  geology. 

^  Minutes  of  Trustees. 

2  Joint  Memorial,  1830. 

*Mr.  Kennedy's  printed  address. 


THIRD    PERIOD.  IO3 

cannot  work  without  pay,  and  generally  need  it  pressingly  on 
account  of  their  poverty.  Their  enthusiasm  may  cause  them  to  per- 
severe for  a  time,  but  some  compensation  is  necessary  to  secure  per- 
manent effort.  So  the  venture  had  a  brief  career,'  and  in  185 1  it 
was  again  "  reorganized,"  to  pass  through  another  short  phase  of  its 
existence.  In  1854,  at  the  solicitation  of  the  Faculty  and  in  order 
to  advance  the  college  to  the  "  highest  grade,"  the  Regents  per- 
mitted a  mortgage  of  $5000  to  be  placed  on  the  property.  This 
amount  was  accordingly  raised  and  used  to  erect  a  third  story  and 
otherwise  improve  the  building.  In  1876  a  committee  reports  that 
all  teaching  has  been  suspended  and  the  building  is  partly  unoccu- 
pied. In  1878  an  act  was  procured  by  the  Legislature  authorizing 
the  sale  of  the  property  and  the  application  of  the  proceeds  to  the 
general  uses  of  the  University.  In  1883,  on  the  opening  of  Cathe- 
dral street,  it  became  necessary  to  remove  the  building,  which  had 
long  ceased  to  be  used  for  purposes  of  instruction  except  the  law  lec- 
tures. The  net  amount  received  by  the  Regents  from  damages  and 
from  the  sale  of  side  lots,  after  paying  off  the  mortgage  of  $5000,  was 
$21,000.  Of  this  amount  the  Medical  Faculty  received  $13,200,  to  be 
used  in  "  paying  off  mortgage  and  other  outstanding  debts,"  and  the 
remainder  went  to  the  Faculty  of  Law.  It  is  not  likely  that  there  will 
ever  be  another  attempt  to  revive  this  department. 

Roger  Brooke  Taney,  jurist,  son  of  a  planter,  was  born  in  Calvert  Co., 
Md.,  March  17th,  1777.  He  graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1795,  read  law 
in  Annapolis,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1799.  Was  elected  to  the  House 
of  Delegates  from  his  native  county  in  the  same  year,  being  the  youngest 
member  of  that  body.  Moved  to  Frederick  city  in  1801  ;  in  1806  married  a 
sister  of  Francis  Scott  Key.  Was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1816. 
Removed  to  Baltimore  in  1823  and  became  the  head  of  the  bar  of  that  city. 
From  1826  to  1839  was  Provost  of  the  University  of  Maryland.  In  1827  was 
appointed  Attorney-General  of  the  state  and  in  1S31  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States  (under  Andrew  Jackson).  Became  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  March  15th,  1836,  succeeding  John  Marshall. 
Received  LL.  D.  from  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  in  1859.  Died  in 
Washington,  October  12,  1864  (see  Appletoii's  Cyclopedia  of  American  Biog- 
raphy), 

^  We  read  of  it  in  1836-7,  Mr.  John  Prentiss  being  the  Principal  (Minutes  of 
Trustees),  and  in  Dec.  1840  the  Dean  (Rev.  John  G.  Morris)  reports  about 
fifty  students  in  the  collegiate  department  and  the  number  gradually  increasing 
(Minutes  of  Regents).  In  1S52  it  had  thirty-six  scholars  and  two  active  pro- 
fessors {Id.).  It  seems  to  have  had  its  greatest  success  just  after  the  late  war, 
1865-7. 


FOURTH   PERIOD. 

RESTORATION  OF  REGENTS  TO  CLOSE  OF  CIVIL   WAR, 

1839-1865. 

THE  Faculty  being  once  more  in  possession  of  their  property  and 
rights,  set  to  work  with  energy  to  repair  the  shattered  fortunes 
of  the  institution.  They  found  it  in  a  very  different  condition  from 
that  in  which  it  was  when  taken  possession  of  by  the  officers  of  the 
state.  One  of  their  first  acts  was  to  issue  a  circular  announcing  their 
restoration  and  urging  the  friends  and  alumni  of  the  school  to  unite 
with  them  to  help  build  it  up  again.  A  marked  and  immediate 
improvement  in  the  size  of  the  classes  attests  the  success  of  their 
efforts.  The  following  figures  represent  the  numbers  in  attendance 
and  the  graduates  from  1838  to  1841:  1838-39  (Regents'  class),  24 
students,  7  graduates ;  1839-40,  60  students,  14  graduates;  1840-41, 
91  students,  30  graduates.' 

At  the  time  of  the  restoration  the  Faculty  were  in  arrears  to  Dr. 
McDowell  for  two  installments  of  his  annuity,  viz.  for  1837  and  1838, 
and  he  was  pressing  them  for  payment,  having  obtained  judgment 
on  their  bond  in  the  Baltimore  County  Court  in  Sept.  1838. 
The  Faculty  induced  the  Regents  to  pay  this  indebtedness  out  of 
the  funds  of  the  University,  on  the  ground  that  two  of  those  who 
had  signed  the  bond  (Messrs.  Potter  and  Hall)  had  claims  against 
the  institution  greater  than  their  share  of  the  bond.  At  the  same 
time  the  Regents  paid  the  counsel  fees  incurred  in  the  recent  suit 
and  appropriated  $2140  for  nee-ded  repairs  on  the  College  and 
Infirmary  buildings.  In  order  to  meet  these  expenses  certain  of  the 
stocks  which  had  been  received  from  the  Trustees  were  disposed  of 
The  increasing  receipts  of  the  medical  department  soon  came  to  the 
aid  of  the  Regents,  but  the  condition  of  the  Infirmary  continued  for 
several  years  a  source  of  much  anxiety.  In  April,  1840,  the  Board 
of  Regents  were  forced  to  adopt  the  temporary  expedient  of  issuing 
certificates  of  indebtedness  to  their  creditors,  "  as  no  funds  were 
available  and  they  were  unwilling  to  mortgage  or  sell  the  property 

'Matriculation  List,  MS.  Records  of  University. 


FRANCIS  r.  MILES,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  Physiology  and  Clinical 

Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System. 


.,o^\  and  Chh,      ,. 

LIBRAK^ 


^ty  01  n-'.f0^ 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  IO5 

of  the  University."  The  janitor  was  notified  to  cease  acting  as  there 
were  no  means  of  paying  his  salary.  On  motion  of  Professor  Aikin 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  solicit  aid  from  the  citizens  for  the 
University.'  At  a  meeting  held  by  the  Regents,  Nov.  4th,  1842, 
there  was  some  talk  of  mortgaging  the  property  of  the  University 
in  order  to  pay  the  increasing  debt  of  the  Infirmary,  which  amounted 
at  this  time  to  $3340,  with  but  $448  in  the  hospital  treasury.  This 
debt  had  accumulated  within  two  years,  for  there  was  none  at  the 
restoration,  and  yet  it  represented  only  "  ordinary  "  expenses.  The 
board  passed  a  vote  of  censure  upon  the  managers  for  this  evidence 
of  gross  mismanagement,  and  authorized  a  ground  rent  to  be  created 
for  the  purpose  of  meeting  these  new  obligations.  The  embarrass- 
ment was  further  increased  by  the  failure  of  the  state  to  pay  any 
interest  on  its  stock  this  year  (1842).^  But,  on  the  other  hand,  the 
Faculty  were  much  cheered  up  by  the  passage  of  a  resolution  by  the 
Legislature,  the  following  winter,  releasing  them  from  further  pay- 
ments of  interest  upon  the  $30,000  loan  made  by  the  state  in  1821  ; 
they  record  their  appreciation  of  this  "generous  act"  in  the  cata- 
logues of  this  period.  By  this  time,  however,  they  had  repaid  nearly 
the  entire  amount  of  the  loan  in  interest,  which  amounted  to  $1500 
annually. 

During  the  session  of  1839-40  the  duties  of  the  chair  of  Surgery 
were  discharged  jointly  by  Professors  Hall  and  William  N.  Baker. 

On  the  27th  of  March,  1840,  "ordinances  "  were  adopted  by  the 
Board  of  Regents  for  the  government  of  the  University.  Previous 
to  that  the  proceedings  of  the  board,  strange  as  it  may  seem,  appear 
to  have  been  carried  on  without  any  other  rules  than  those  which 
the  judgment  of  its  members  at  the  time  imposed.  Frequent 
attempts  were  made  to  secure  action  on  this  important  matter,  and  it 
is  curious  to  note  in  the  minutes  of  the  board  the  evident  indisposi- 
tion to  deal  with  it.  The  first  committee  on  a  code  of  laws,  of  which 
mention  is  made  in  the  Regents'  minutes,  was  appointed  May  29th, 
18 15.  March  1818,  this  committee  having  failed  to  report,  a  new 
committee  was  appointed.  Again,  in  March  1821,  it  was  found 
necessary  to  appoint  athird  committee,  which  finally,  on  October  29th, 
1821,  presented  a  report,  but  no  action  was  taken  upon  it.  During  the 
government  of  the  Trustees  affairs  were  conducted  in  a  more  orderly 
manner.  One  of  the  first  acts  of  the  Regents,  on  the  restitution  in  1S39, 

^  Regents'  Minute  Book.  "^  Regents'  Minute  Book. 


I06  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

was  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  prepare  ordinances.  On  the 
3d  of  January,  1840,  their  report  was  presented  and  "discussed" 
and  a  substitute  was  offered ;  both  report  and  substitute  were 
"laid  on  the  table."  They  were  taken  up  March  12th  of  the  same 
year  and  referred  to  another  committee.  After  being  discussed 
March  20th  and  27th,  the  amended  rules  were  at  last  adopted  on  the 
latter  date  with  but  one  dissenting  vote.  After  all  this  "  to  do"  over 
them  they  seem  to  have  been  almost  a  dead  letter  and  the  meetings 
of  the  board  were  held  very  irregularly,  sometimes  after  intervals  of 
several  years. 

Early  in  the  fall  of  1840,  before  his  departure  for  the  West,  Pro- 
fessor Smith  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  surgery.^  J3efore  the 
close  of  the  following  session  he  resigned  his  chair  in  Transylvania 
University  and  was  then  re-elected  to  the  full  professorship  of  Sur- 
gery here. 

The  year  1841  was  notable  for  the  death  of  the  two  Professors 
Baker.  Their  places  were  supplied  by  Professor  Samuel  Chew,  in 
the  chair  of  Materia  Medica,  and  Dr.  Alexander  C.  Robinson  as 
Lecturer  on  Anatomy. 

William  Nelson  Baker,  the  oldest  son  of  Prof.  Samuel  Baker,  was  born 
in  Baltimore,  January  17th,  1811.  He  graduated  in  the  Academic  Department 
of  Yale  College  in  1830.  He  attended  lectures  in  the  University  of  Maryland 
during  the  two  following  years,  obtaining  his  degree  in  1832.  He  evinced 
great  aptitude  for  anatomy,  the  study  of  which  he  prosecuted  with  Dr.  Turn- 
bull.  On  graduating  he  became  associated  in  practice  with  his  father.  When 
Dr.  A.  L.  Warner  was  called  to  a  professorship  in  the  University  of  Virginia 
in  1834  he  took  charge  of  the  Anatomical  Rooms  which  had  been  occupied  for 
four  years  by  that  gentleman,  in  the  rear  of  the  college  building,  and  during 
the  two  succeeding  years,  if  not  longer,  lectured  to  a  large  class.  In  1838  be 
became  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Regents'  Faculty.  He  also  shared  with 
Prof.  Hall  in  the  duties  of  the  Surgical  Department.  He  died  February  i6th, 
1841,  having  just  attained  the  age  of  30.  He  is  represented  as  having  been  a 
man  of  great  personal  beauty  and  attractiveness,  talented,  and  with  every 
promise  of  the  most  brilliant  future  as  a  lecturer,  anatomist  and  surgeon. 

Samuel  G.  Baker,  a  younger  son  of  Prof.  Samuel  Baker,  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Oct.  2d,  1814.  He  took  his  literary  degree  at  Yale  College,  1832, 
and  his  medical  degree  at  the  University  of  Maryland,  1835.  In  1837  he  suc- 
ceeded to  his  father's  old  chair  in  the  University.  He  was  the  youngest 
professor  the  University  has  ever  had,  being  at  the  time  of  his  election  but 

^  Prof.  Wm.  N.  Baker  also  delivered  a  course  on  the  same  subject  later  in 
this  session. 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  I07 

22.  He  delivered  the  introductory  the  following  November.  His  death 
occurred  Aug.  ist,  1841.  Like  his  brother  he  was  handsome,  talented  and 
popular,  and  these  qualities  made  both  much  sought  after  in  social  circles. 
Habits  of  dissipation  were  thus  contracted  which  early  cut  short  their  prom- 
ising careers.  The  fatal  example  of  the  elder  failed  to  prove  a  warning  to  the 
younger  and  but  a  few  months  intervened  between  their  untimely  deaths. 

In  1842  it  became  necessary  to  fill  the  chair  of  Anatomy.  Pro- 
fessor Smith  urged  the  candidacy  of  Dr.  Robinson,  whilst  others 
thought  he  lacked  the  necessary  experience  for  the  important  posi- 
tion.' In  this  dilemma  the  name  of  Dr.  Joseph  Roby,  of  Boston, 
who  already  held  professorial  honors  in  New  England,  was  pre- 
sented with  very  high  recommendations.  The  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  Dr.  Miltenberger,  was  commissioned  to  proceed  to  the 
North  to  hear  Dr.  Roby  lecture,  who  on  his  return  presented  so 
favorable  a  report  that  Dr.  R.  was  duly  elected  and  installed  in  the 
chair.  He  more  than  sustained  the  high  reputation  which  his  pre- 
decessors had  conferred  upon  it  and  proved  a  most  popular  and 
successful  lecturer. 

The  year  1843  will  be  ever  memorable  for  the  death  of  the  vener- 
able Professor  Potter,  which  occurred  on  the  2d  of  January,  in  his 
73d  (?)  year.  He  continued  in  the  discharge  of  his  professorial 
duties  up  to  the  period  of  his  brief  illness,  literally  a  relic  of  the  past, 
for  he  had  long  survived  the  stage  of  intellectual  acquisitiveness  and 
aspiration  and  had  no  sympathy  with  the  revolution  in  diagnosis  and 
pathology  that  had  been  steadily  progressing  for  a  score  of  years. 

Nathaniel  Potter,  the  son  of  Dr.  Zabdiel  Potter,  was  born  at  Easton, 
Talbot  Co.,  (Eastern  Shore  of)  Md.,  in  1770.  His  ancestors  were  from  Rhode 
Island.  He  was  the  intimate  friend  and  for  several  years  the  favorite  pupil 
of  the  great  Rush.  He  was  educated  at  a  college  in  New  Jersey.  He  obtained 
his  medical  degree  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1796  and  began  prac- 
tice in  Baltimore  the  next  year.  From  1S07  to  1S43  he  was  Professor  of 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Maryland.  Although 
subject  to  gouty  attacks,  his  death  was  sudden,  occurring  during  a  fit  of 
coughing,  January  2d,  1843.^  Dr.  Potter  was  in  many  respects  a  remarkable 
man,  and  it  is  a  strange  freak  of  fortune  that  no  memoir  of  him  has  ever 
appeared.  Even  the  exact  date  of  his  birth  has  passed  into  oblivion.  When 
we  recall  his  learning,  his  courage,  his  skill,  his  eminent  reputation  as  a  teacher, 

'MS.  Records  of  University. 

-It  is  said  that  he  died  with  words  of  prayer  on  his  lips  {Patriot,  Jan.  11, 
1843).  The  burial  permit  states  that  he  died  from  "strangulation."  Miss 
Potter  says  that  he  had  been  subject  to  the  gout. 


I08  THE    UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

and  his  steadfastness  in  adversity,  we  can  give  him  no  secondary  place  in  the 
history  of  the  medical  profession  of  Baltimore  and  in  the  annals  of  this  insti- 
tution. His  fame  was  at  least  national  and  his  opinions  were  everywhere 
received  with  deference.  His  students  looked  upon  him  as  an  infallible 
authority.  The  late  Dr.  John  R.  Ward  told  the  writer  that  the  man  who  could 
secure  and  publish  those  sere  and  faded  lectures,  which  he  continued  to  deliver 
with  commentaries  until  death  stopped  him,  would  make  a  fortune.  Beliefs 
with  him  were  rules  of  faith.  He  acted  upon  his  convictions  without  wavering 
or  misgiving.  His  earnestness  was  vital,  his  faith  in  the  resources  of  medicine 
was  implicit.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  such  a  man,  in  the  days  when  the  natural 
history  of  disease  was  not  thought  of,  leaned  upon  his  lancet  and  calomel  as 
the  staff  of  professional  life  ?  Yet  there  is  proof  that  he  taught  that  small 
doses  of  calomel  were  better  than  large  ones.'  He  shared  in  that  wonderful 
skill  in  diagnosis  which,  without  other  aid  than  eye  and  touch,  enabled  our 
forefathers  to  reach  almost  unerring  conclusions,  and  which  fill  us  even  now 
with  astonishment.  His  prognoses  are  still  spoken  of  by  the  older  citizens  as 
prophetic.  He  displayed  his  courage  by  making  himself  the  subject  of  experi- 
ments with  the  secretions  from  yellow  fever  patients,^  thus  establishing  the 
non-contagious  character  of  that  disease,  and  later  by  his  firmness  in  dealing 
with  the  Trustees.  His  steadfastness  was  shown  by  his  unwavering  attach- 
ment to  the  University  throughout  his  long  connection  with  it.  He  loved  it 
with  the  most  passionate  devotion.  Threats,  ridicule,  indifference,  adversity, 
poverty*— nothing — could  shake  his  allegiance.  He  was  the  pillar  that,  Atlas-like, 
bore  it  safely  along  amidst  the  perils  that  threatened  every  moment  to  engulf 
it  in  ruins.  He  gave  his  best  energies,  his  means  and  his  choicest  years  to  its 
service.  When  thwarted  in  his  plans  the  "Father"  of  the  University  wavered 
for  a  while  in  his  attachment,  but  Potter's  affection  was  always  true  as  the 
needle  to  the  pole.  When  oppression  became  unbearable  and  the  dark  days 
of  the  suit  came  and  all  despaired,  he  was  determined  and  hopeful.  Who 
does  not  rejoice  that  he  was  permitted  to  live  to  see  the  fruition  of  his  hopes 
and  efforts?  and  who  does  not  sympathise  with  him  when,  old  and  poor  and 
friendless,  he  still  lingered  on  the  stage  of  life,  like  some  massive  but  inert 
ruin  ?  His  latter  days  were  clouded  by  adverse  pecuniary  circumstances  which 
embittered  his  existence.  He  became  irritable  and  peevish  and  disposed  to 
brood  over  his  unrequited  labors.  He  felt  keenly  the  decline  of  his  fortunes 
and  readily  took  offense  at  any  allusion  to  the  subject.  When  at  last  the 
thread  of  life  was  cut  in  twain,  the  charity  of  his  friends  had  to  be  invoked  to 
secure  for  him  a  final  resting  place  in  Greenmount  Cemetery,  where,  unmarked 
by  any  stone  or  device,  his  remains  still  lie.     In   person  Dr.   Potter  was  of 

'  Thesis  of  M.  Rowan,  of  Va.,  on  "  Hepatitis,"  Baltimore,  1815. 

-  He  tied  a  piece  of  muslin  dipped  in  perspiration  of  a  patient  dying  with 
yellow  fever  around  his  head  (1797)  and  kept  it  on  all  night,  breathing  the 
fetid  odor.  He  inoculated  himself  (1798)  with  the  perspiration  of  a  yellow 
fever  patient  in  the  last  stages  of  that  disease.  He  also  inoculated  himself 
with  pus  from  such  patients.     (Potter's  Memoir  on  Contagio7i.) 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  IO9 

medium  height,  of  full  figure  and  ruddy  complexion.  He  was  fond  of  cards 
and  given  to  swearing.  He  varied  the  tedium  of  his  lectures  by  anecdotes 
which  often  brought  down  the  house.  Some  of  these  taxed  even  the  credulity 
of  the  students,  who  would  express  their  skepticism  by  ahems,  ohos,  by  whist- 
ling and  in  other  ways.  To  these  he  would  reply  by  saying,  "  I'm  d — d,  gentle- 
men, if  it  ain't  so."  In  his  last  years  he  was  compelled  to  give  up  his  house 
on  Lexington  street  and  take  a  smaller  one  on  St.  Paul  street,  and  when  he 
died  he  left  his  family  in  very  straitened  circumstances.  He  was  twice 
married.  One  daughter  still  survives  him,  a  very  old  lady,  happily  well  pro- 
vided for  by  some  friend  who  left  her  a  bequest  at  her  death.  Ur.  Potter  was 
a  liberal  contributor  to  medical  literature.  Besides  his  thesis  on  Arsenic, 
1796  and  1805,  he  edited  a  quarterly  journal,  181 1,  wrote  a  work  on  Contagion, 
1818,  and  on  the  Loctista  Septentrionalis,  1S39,  edited  Armstrong  on  Fevers, 
1821,  and  Gregory's  Practice,  two  editions,  1826  and  1829,  published  a  sketch 
of  the  University,  1838  (often  referred  to  in  this  work),  was  a  coeditor  of  the 
Md.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  1839-43,  and  contributed  many  articles  to  the 
periodicals,  1S02-1843.' 

Prof.  Roby  was  called  upon  to  finish  the  course  on  Practice,  which 
he  did  with  great  credit  to  himself  and  satisfaction  to  his  colleagues 
and  pupils.  The  following  spring  the  chair  was  filled  by  the  elec- 
tion of  Dr.  Richard  S.  Steuart. 

The  impeachment  of  Prof.  Hall  took  place  this  year  (1843).  For 
several  years  past  there  had  been  complaints  on  the  part  of  the 
students  of  the  inadequacy  of  his  lectures.  His  pecuniary  embar- 
rassments were  also  said  to  be  very  great,  and  so  distracting  as  to 
prevent  that  attention  to  his  professorial  duties  which  their  satis- 
factory discharge  required.  In  May  the  members  of  the  Faculty " 
addressed  a  letter  to  him  requesting  his  resignation  and  assigning 
as  the  ground  for  the  request  their  loss  of  confidence  in  him.  They 
also  took  away  from  him  the  department  of  hygiene,  to  which,  as 
was  alleged,  he  had  devoted  undue  attention  during  the  course,  to 
the  neglect  of  the  more  important  departments  of  his  chair.^ 

Hall  protested  against  the  latter  indignity,  claiming  that  it  was  a 
violation  of  the  charter.  In  reply  to  the  letter  he  returned  a  spirited 
answer.  He  upbraided  his  colleagues  with  ingratitude,  told  them 
that  he  held  such  letters  in  contempt  and  had  refused  himself  on 
previous  occasions  to  sign  them,  and  that  such  a  precedent  could 

^  The  sources  from  which  this  notice  is  drawn  are  too  numerous  to  quote. 
They  are  partly  from  Miss  Mary  A.  Potter. 
-Aikin,  Smith,  Chew,  Roby  and  Steuart. 
2  Hall's  Impeachment.     Pamphlet. 


no  THE    UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

only  become  a  source  of  discord  and  a  vehicle  of  insult  and  injustice, 
under  dictates  of  personal  dislike  or  for  trifling  causes.  He  said  that 
he  could  prove  by  documents  that  he  had  spent  more  than  $28,000 
on  the  University  and  he  claimed  vested  rights  in  it.^ 

The  charges  against  him  were  drawn  up  by  three  members  of  the 
Faculty  and  presented  to  the  Regents.     They  were  as  follows  : 

"  I.  Refusing  to  comply  with  the  regulations  of  the  Faculty. 

2.  Incompetency. 

3.  Loss  of  the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  profession." 

The  first  charge  relates  to  a  regulation  of  the  Faculty  requiring 
that  all  the  receipts  from  students'  fees,  etc.,  should  be  turned  over 
to  the  treasurer,  who,  after  deducting  the  amount  necessary  to  pay 
the  McDowell  annuity  (now  several  years  in  arrears)  and  meet  the 
other  expenses  of  the  institution,  should  turn  over  the  balance 
remaining,  if  there  were  any,  in  due  proportion  to  the  several 
professors. 

The  Regents  returned  a  reply  stating  that  the  charter  only  pro- 
vides for  the  vacation  of  a  chair  upon  a  formal  impeachment  and 
with  the  assent  of  three-fourths  of  the  whole  mimber  of  Regents. 
That  the  grounds  of  impeachment,  which  were  not  stated  in  the 
charter,  must  be  determined  by  the  Board.  The  charges  were 
referred  by  the  Board  to  a  committee  of  three  of  their  members, 
Messrs.  J.  H.  B.  Latrobe,  chairman,  George  W.  Dobbin  and  Charles 
F.  Mayer,  with  instructions  to  examine  witnesses,  take  their  sworn 
testimony,  and  present  the  same  to  the  Board  without  comment. 

The  trial  excited  great  interest  in  the  profession  of  Baltimore. 
Professor  Hall  courted  it.  A  large  number  of  physicians,  43  accord- 
ing to  Hall,^  testified  before  the  committee,  and  their  evidence  shows 
that  much  personal  feeling  was  aroused.  Dr.  John  Buckler  and 
others  of  his  former  students  gave  the  accused  credit  for  "  original 
views "  on  puerperal  fever,  eclampsia,  placenta  prsevia  and  non- 
support  of  the  perinaeum,  which  were  subsequently  the  current  and 
accepted  views  of  the  profession  on  those  subjects,  but  were  then  at 
variance  with  the  opinions  of  the  day.^ 

The  testimony  was  taken  and  returned  to  the  Board,  whereupon 
the  vote  of  those  present  being  taken  resulted  in  14  to  2  in  favor  of 
the  first  and  second  charges  and  13  to  3  in  favor  of  the  third  charge. 

1  Prof.  Hall's  letter,  MS.  Records  of  Univ.  2  His  letter,  MS,  Records. 

3 Hall's  Impeachment,     Pamphlet, 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  Ill 

This  not  being  the  requisite  three-fourths  of  the  entire  Board 
required  by  the  charter,  the  result  was  favorable  to  the  defendant.' 
Prof.  Hall  looked  upon  Prof.  Smith  as  the  chief  instigator  of  his 
impeachment  and  his  feelings  were  so  wrought  up  that  a  personal 
encounter  resulted.  This  occurred  at  the  Infirmary,  where  the  two 
happened  to  meet.  Prof.  Hall  drew  a  cane  and  leveled  a  blow  at 
his  adversary,  who,  seizing  the  handle,  drew  out  the  sword  which  it 
contained.  The  latter  then  had  his  assailent  at  his  mercy,  but  mag- 
nanimously refrained  from  making  use  of  his  advantage.  During 
the  session  of  1845  and  1846  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Stokes,  who  had  just 
returned  from  abroad,  was  engaged  by  the  Faculty  to  deliver  the 
lectures  on  Prof  Hall's  branches,  so  that  two  courses  were  going  on 
that  session  at  the  same  time.  Prof.  Hall's  death  in  1847  put  an 
end  to  these  dissensions  and  gave  the  Faculty  an  opportunity  to 
select  a  more  congenial  colleague  in  Professor  Richard  H.  Thomas.^ 

William  H.  Stokes  was  born  in  Havre-de-Grace,  Mar3'land,  1812,  took 
A.  B.  at  Yale  1S31,  and  M.  D.  at  the  University  1834.  Resident  Physician 
Maryland  Hospital  for  Insane  1834-35,  surgeon  U.  S.  A.  1837-40.  After  a 
visit  to  Europe  was  made  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics  in  the  University  1843-44, 
Professor  in  Washington  University  1846-50.  Visiting  Physician  to  Mt.  Hope 
Retreat  since  1842,  but  retired  from  active  duty  since  1S87. 

Richard  Wilmot  Hall  was  a  son  of  Dr.  Jacob  Hall,  who  served  as  surgeon 
in  the  Revolution  and  died  in  Harford  Co.,  Md.,  in  1812.  He  was  born  in  the 
same  county  in  1785,  obtained  his  medical  degree  at  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1806,  settled  in  Baltimore  in  1811,  during  the  war  of  1812  was 
surgeon  in  the  militia,  rendered  important  service  during  the  political  riots  in 
Baltimore  in  that  year,^  was  appointed  Adjunct  Professor  of  Obstetrics  in  the 
University  of  Maryland  in  1812,  and  was  full  professor  of  the  same  branch 
from  1813  to  1847.     He  delivered  the  annual  oration  before  the  Medical  and 

1  The  Regents'  Minutes,  after  announcing  the  result  of  the  vote,  are  singularly 
silent  regarding  this  impeachment.  Judge  Dobbin,  to  whom  I  wrote,  is  unable 
to  supply  any  information.  Prof.  Aikin  told  the  writer  that  the  defendant  was 
cleared  by  one  vote,  his  brother's,  who  was  a  member  of  the  Board.  There 
were  some  twenty-odd  members  in  the  Board  belonging  to  the  several  faculties. 
Prof.  A.  seemed  to  have  changed  his  mind  regarding  the  case, for  although  his 
name  was  attached  to  the  charges,  he  told  the  writer  that  the  trial  ought  never  to 
have  taken  place  and  he  thought  Prof.  H.  had  been  treated  with  great  injustice. 

'Among  others  who  were  candidates  for  the  position  were  Drs.  C.  C.  Cox, 
of  Easton,  Md.,  and  G.  C.  M.  Roberts,  of  Baltimore.  The  title  of  the  chair  was 
Midwifery  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children. 

'According  to  Scharf's  Chronicles,  1874,  he  rescued  from  death  a  number  of 
citizens  whose  lives  were  at  the  mercy  of  the  infuriated  mob. 


112  THE    UNIVERSITY    OF    MARYLAND. 

Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland  in  1815.  He  died  September  14,  1S47,  after 
a  protracted  illness.  Few  men  have  been  better  known  in  the  profession  in 
Baltimore  than  Professor  Hall.  In  the  affairs  of  the  University,  during  his 
long  connection  with  it,  his  activity  was  incessant.  He  was  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Regents  ;  twice  he  held  the  office  of  Dean  ;  he  was  usually  selected 
to  go  to  Annapolis  to  look  after  the  interests  of  the  University  in  the  Legis- 
lature, and  he  represented  the  Faculty  in  their  pecuniary  transactions  with  the 
Trustees.  In  figure  he  was  stout  and  tall;  he  had  a  florid  complexion  and 
was  very  handsome.  He  had  very  courteous  and  attractive  manners.  Either 
from  bad  management  or  extravagance,  or  both,  he  was  almost  always  embar- 
rassed in  his  pecuniary  affairs,  and  it  is  said  that  he  had  been  known  to  visit 
his  patients  with  a  constable  seated  in  his  carriage  beside  him.  An  anecdote 
illustrating  at  once  his  charming  manners,  the  pressure  to  which  he  was  sub- 
jected and  the  coolness  with  which  he  accepted  the  situation,  is  related  and  is 
worth  preserving.  The  writer  has  received  it  through  several  sources  and 
there  is  no  doubt  as  to  its  authenticity.  A  gentleman  who  had  loaned  him  a 
considerable  sum  of  money  went  to  his  house  one  evening  with  the  declared 
purpose  of  not  leaving  it  until  he  had  received  payment  of  the  amount  due 
him.  He  was  received  with  the  utmost  affability  by  his  fascinating  host,  who 
knew  the  object  of  his  visit.  He  was  feasted  and  entertained  and  so  com- 
pletely charmed  that  he  not  only  did  not  insist  upon  the  liquidation  of  the 
debt,  but  actually  loaned  his  host  an  additional  sum  equal  to  the  amount 
already  due  him.  Professor  Hall  made  a  number  of  contributions  to  medical 
literature  (see  Quinan's  Annals  for  a  list),  including  a  translation  from  the 
French  (1814)  of  Baron  Larrey's  Memoirs  of  Military  Surgery.  He  displayed 
ability  as  a  surgeon  and  performed  some  difficult  and  unusual  operations. 
Toward  the  close  of  his  life  he  largely  lost  the  respect  and  confidence  of  his 
colleagues  and  of  the  profession,  and  was  impeached  by  the  former  in  1843  fo^ 
neglect  of  his  professorial  duties  and  incompetence.  He  defended  himself 
with  vigor,  and  notwithstanding  repeated  attempts  to  dislodge  him  retained 
his  chair  up  to  the  time  of  his  death  in  1847.^ 

Dr.  Richard  S.  Steuart  never  lectured.  He  tendered  his  resigna- 
tion October  30th,  in  consequence  of  a  difference  of  opinion  regard- 
ing the  case  of  Prof.  Hall.^  It  was  accepted,  and  Prof.  Roby  delivered 
the  lectures  upon  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine  again  the 
following  session, 

^Among  the  manuscript  records  of  the  University  there  is  a  bill  and  receipt 
for  lodging,  etc.,  of  Prof.  H.  while  on  a  visit  to  the  Legislature,  at  Annapolis, 
December  14,  1812.  It  is  made  out  in  £,  s.  and  d.  It  was  one  of  the  vouchers 
of  items  of  expense  handed  in  to  the  Committee  of  Finance  of  the  University, 
October  8,  1S40.  Another  bill,  dated  at  Annapolis,  January,  1814,  includes 
"  barber  and  toddy." 

2  His  letter  of  resignation,  MS.  Records  of  University. 


ALAN  PENNIMAiX  'SMITH,  M.  D. 
Professo)-  of  Operative  Surgery. 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  II3 

Richard  Sprigg  Stf.uart  was  of  Scotch  descent  and  both  his  father  and 
grandfather  were  physicians.  He  was  born  in  Baltimore  in  1797,  was  educated 
at  St.  Mary's  College,  served  as  aide-de-camp  in  the  battle  of  North  Point, 
1814,  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  William  Donaldson,  and 
graduated  at  the  University  in  1822  ;  was  Professor  of  Practice  in  the  same 
1843,  President  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland  1848-51, 
Vice-President  of  American  Medical  Association  1849,  Superintendent  of 
Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane  1828-42  and  1869-76,  and  founder  of  Spring 
Grove  Asylum.  Died  1S76,  aged  78.  He  was  an  enlightened  physician,  a 
public-spirited  citizen  and  a  courteous  gentleman.  He  early  adopted  advanced 
views  in  regard  to  the  insane,  to  whose  relief  he  devoted  his  life  and  means. 
(See  Quinan's  Medical  Atmals,  and  Baltimore,  Past  and  Present,  1871.) 

Early  in  1844  Professor  Elisha  Bartlett,  of  Massachusetts,  was 
elected  to  the  chair  of  Practice  and  accepted.  He  had  held  chairs  in 
several  of  the  leading  schools  of  the  United  States  and  had  just 
resigned  a  position  in  Transylvania  University,  where  he  succeeded 
Professor  Smith,  to  accept  the  appointment  in  Baltimore.  He  was  a 
writer  and  lecturer  of  most  distinguished  ability,  and  his  early  loss 
by  the  University  would  have  been  very  deeply  felt  had  it  not  been 
that  his  mantle  fell  on  such  an  able  successor. 

A  notable  event  of  this  year  was  the  institution  at  the  University  of 
a  course  of  lectures  on  Pharmacy  under  the  auspices  of  the  Maryland 
College  of  Pharmacy.  On  the  20th  of  April  a  communication  was 
received  from  a  committee  of  the  College,^  proposing  to  deliver  a 
course  of  at  least  sixteen  lectures  in  one  of  the  lecture-rooms  of  the 
University,  provided  permission  were  given  the  College  to  occupy  a 
small  room  for  their  meetings  and  for  the  arrangement  of  their 
cabinet  of  specimens.  The  fee  for  the  course  was  to  be  five  dollars. 
On  the  24th  the  Faculty  were  notified  by  their  Dean  that  the 
arrangement  had  been  consummated  and  that  the  College  had  insti- 
tuted a  chair  of  Practical  Pharmacy.''  The  lectures  of  this  course 
were  delivered  by  Dr.  David  Stewart,  an  eminent  pharmaceutist  of 
Baltimore.  Twenty  lectures  were  given,  two  each  week.  At  first 
they  were  held  at  night,  then  in  the  afternoon.  The  results  were 
not  encouraging,  and  at  the  close  of  the  second  session  Prof.  Stewart 
thought  of  resigning.  No  tickets  had  been  purchased  by  the  medical 
students,  and  only  some  twenty  to  thirty  by  druggists,  of  whom  the 
maximum  attendance  was  twelve  to  fifteen.'     These  lectures  con- 

'  Messrs.  Reese,  Grahamme  and  Stewart. 

-MS.  Records  of  University. 

2  Prof.  Stewart's  communication  and  MS.  Records  of  University. 


114  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND, 

tinued  to  be  advertised  in  the  annual  catalogues  of  the  University 
until  1847  ;  they  then  appear  to  have  been  discontinued.' 

During  the  winter  of  1845  and  1846  Professor  Bartlett  remained 
in  Europe  and  Dr.  William  Power  was  appointed  to  deliver  the 
lectures  in  his  place.  This  he  did  with  such  satisfaction  that,  on  the 
resignation  of  Professor  Bartlett  the  following  spring,  he  received  the 
full  professorship. 

Elisha  Bartlett  was  born  in  Rhode  Island  in  1804.  He  received  his 
degree  in  medicine  from  Brown  University,  R.  I.,  and  subsequently  held  pro- 
fessorships in  various  branches  in  a  number  of  schools  in  the  North  and  West 
and  frequently  visited  Europe.  He  was  Professor  of  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Medicine  in  this  University  from  1S44  to  1846.  He  died  in  Rhode  Island  in 
1855.  He  was  the  author  of  numerous  works  and  articles  upon  medical  sub- 
jects, but  his  best  known  productions  are  his  treatises  on  Fevers  (1842-1846, 
4  editions),  Philosophy  of  Medical  Science  (1844),  and  Inquiry  into  the  Degree 
of  Certainty  in  Medicine  [iZi^Z).  He  was  an  able  writer  and  teacher  and  his 
works  are  regarded  as  among  the  best  productions  of  the  American  profession. 
Professor  Power  said  of  his  Philosophy  of  Medical  Science,  that  it  was  the  most 
remarkable  original  work  that  had  emanated  from  the  medical  press  of  America. 
Professor  L.  P.  Yandell  said,  that  for  grace  of  manner  and  philosophical 
breadth  of  view  the  three  works  above  mentioned  would  not  suffer  by  com- 
parison with  any  medical  works  in  our  language.  Dr.  O.  W.  Holmes  says  the 
treatise  on  Medical  Philosophy  is  as  remarkable  for  elegance  of  style  as  for 
liberal  and  genial  spirit  and  philosophic  breadth  of  view  ;  and  of  the  treatise 
on  Fevers  he  says,  that  it  is  invaluable  to  the  American  student  and  practitioner. 
(See  memoir  in  Anier.  Medical  Biography  written  by  Prof.  S.  H.  Dickson.) 

The  other  changes  occurring  from  this  time  to  the  period  of  the 
Civil  War  are  as  follows :  Prof.  Power  was  compelled  by  ill  health  to 
resign  in  1852.     He  was  succeeded  by  Prof.  Samuel  Chew,  and  Dr. 

^The  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy  was  incorporated  Jan.  27th,  1841. 
(The  Philadelphia  College  was  established  1821,  the  New  York  College  1829. 
Wormley.)  Prof.  Wm.  Fisher  had  formed  a  plan  for  one  in  the  spring  of  1839, 
when  he  was  stricken  down  with  hemiplegia  {Md.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ,,  Oct. 
1839).  Dr.  Thomas  Buckler  in  the  same  year  urged  the  importance  of  its 
establishment  (Ibid.).  At  the  annual  convention  of  the  Med.  and  Chir. 
Faculty,  held  June  ist-3d,  1840,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  plan  conjointly 
with  a  number  of  pharmacists  an  organization  and  report  at  the  next  meeting 
(Ibid.  Oct.  1840).  After  1847  we  hear  nothing  more  of  the  lectures  until  1857, 
when  they  were  revived  and  have  been  given  without  further  break  up  to  the 
present  time.  From  1858  to  1861  the  College  occupied  the  hall  of  the  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  No.  47  N.  Calvert  street,  and  during  this  period  issued 
a  quarterly  Journal  and  Transactions.  The  College  now  has  a  fine  building 
on  Aisquith  street  and  a  flourishing  school. 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  II5 

George  W.  Miltenberger  was  promoted  from  the  Demonstratorship 
to  the  chair  of  Materia  Medica.  Prof.  Thomas  resigned  in  1858  and 
Prof.  Miltenberger  was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Obstetrics,  the  chair 
of  Materia  Medica  being  filled  by  the  election  of  Dr.  Charles  Frick.  In 
1859  Prof  Roby's  failing  health  prevented  him  from  lecturing  and 
Prof.  Smith  assumed  the  duties  of  the  anatomical  department  during 
the  succeeding  session.  In  i860  Prof  Roby  resigned  and  was  made 
emeritus  professor,  and  Dr.  Wm.  A.  Hammond,  of  the  U.  S.  A.,  was 
elected  to  the  chair  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology.  In  this  appoint- 
ment "the  Faculty  felt  assured"  that  the  new  incumbent  "would 
fully  sustain  the  previous  reputation  of  the  school.  Dr.  Hammond 
is  well  known  as  a  contributor  to  various  medical  journals  and  has 
acquired  a  high  position,  both  in  this  country  and  in  Europe,  by  his 
anatomical  and  physiological  investigations."' 

In  the  same  year  and  after  only  a  brief  interval  occurred  the  death 
of  two  of  the  members  of  the  Faculty.  These  were  Prof.  Frick  and 
Dr.  Berwick  B.  Smith,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy.  Prof.  Frick's 
death  was  due  to  diphtheria  contracted  from  a  patient  upon  whom  he 
had  performed  tracheotomy.  Dr.  Smith  was  a  son  of  Prof.  Smith 
and  was  a  rising  surgeon.  The  loss  of  these  talented  young  men 
was  deeply  felt,  and  their  merits  and  ability  were  fully  accorded  at  a 
crowded  meeting  of  the  profession  held. March  29th,  i860.  Prof. 
Frick  had  won  his  position  by  his  merit  alone ;  he  was  an  indefati- 
gable student,  and  not  a  student  of  books  only.  His  chemical  analyses 
and  his  original  work  in  urinary  pathology  are  a  monument  to  his 
industry  and  his  genius.  He  bid  fair  to  attain  an  international 
reputation. 

The  vacancy  in  the  chair  of  Materia  Medica  was  filled  by  the 
appointment  of  Dr.  Edward  Warren,  of  North  Carolina. 

AsHTON  Alexander,  physician,  was  born  about  1772,  near  Arlington,  Alex- 
andria County,  Virginia.  His  father  commanded  a  company  of  cavalry  at  the 
beginning  of  the  Revolutionary  War.  The  town  of  Alexandria  was  named 
after  his  ancestors,  who  owned  large  tracts  of  land  in  its  vicinity.  He  studied 
medicine  under  Dr.  Philip  Thomas,  of  Fredericktown,  Md.,  and  graduated 
{M.  D.)  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1795,  the  subject  of  his  thesis 
being  "  The  Influence  of  one  Disease  on  the  Cure  of  Another."  While  in 
Philadelphia  he  was  an  inmate  of  the  family  of  Dr.  Rush.  He  first  settled  in 
North  Carolina,  but  in  1796  moved  to  Baltimore.     He  was  one  of  the  charter 

'Catalogue  of  1S60.  The  subsequent  brilliant  career  of  Prof.  H.  has  fully 
justified  this  high  opinion  of  the  Faculty. 


Il6  THE    UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

members  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland  and  its  first 
secretary.  He  was  twice  married,  first  in  1799  to  a  daughter  of  his  preceptor, 
Dr.  Thomas,  and  again  in  1855  to  Miss  Merryman  (his  first  wife  having  died). 
He  was  Provost  of  the  University  of  Maryland  from  1837  to  1850.  He  died 
in  Baltimore,  February  1855,  of  pneumonia,  in  his  83d  year.  Dr.  Alexander 
was  a  man  of  fine  presence  and  of  dignified  and  courtly  manners.  He  was  a 
successful  and  popular  physician  and  prospered  financially.  (See  memoir  by 
Dr.  Monmonier,  Trans,  of  Med.  mid  C/iir.  Fac.  of  Md.,  1856.) 

William  Power  was  born  in  Baltimore  in  1813.  Took  his  A.  B.  degree  at 
Yale  in  1832.  Commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  John  Buckler,  of 
Baltimore,  in  1833  and  matriculated  at  the  University  the  same  year.  In  1834 
was  a  student  at  the  Almshouse.  Took  M.  D.  1835.  He  then  went  to  Paris, 
where  he  studied  under  Louis,  Chomel,  Andral,  Rostan,  Grisolle,  Barth  and 
Ricord.  On  his  return  (1840)  he  became  Resident  Physician  at  the  Almshouse 
and  after  nine  months  Visiting  Physician.  In  1841-2  he  delivered  two  courses 
of  lectures  at  the  Baltimore  Infirmary  under  the  auspices  of  the  Faculty,  on 
Physical  Exploration  of  the  Chest,  which  were  well  attended.  His  health  now 
gave  way,  and  in  1843  ^^  abandoned  teaching  and  lecturing  and  went  to  Cuba. 
In  1844,  his  health  being  improved,  he  resumed  teaching  and  in  1845  he  was 
appointed  lecturer  upon  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Univer- 
sity, and  in  1846,  on  the  resignation  of  Prof.  Bartlett,  he  succeeded  to  the  full 
professorship  of  the  chair.  He  married  in  1847.  During  the  winter  of  1851-2 
he  was  unable  to  perform  his  professorial  duties.  In  Jan.  1852  he  reluctantly 
resigned  his  chair,  and  on  the  15th  of  August  following  he  died,  in  Baltimore, 
from  the  disease  with  which  he  had  so  long  been  suffering — consumption — in 
his  39th  year.  Prof.  Power's  life  was  one  of  earnest  study  and  noble  ambition — a 
blessing  to  those  who  partook  of  his  gifts  or  dwelt  within  his  shadow.  He  had 
unbounded  influence  over  his  students  and  communicated  to  them  his  own 
enthusiasm.  Whereas,  before  his  appointment,  it  was  difficult  to  secure  resi- 
dent students  at  the  Infirmary,  after  his  coming  a  year  in  advance  was  needed 
to  obtain  a  position  there.  In  his  teaching  he  did  not  aim  at  originality  but 
truth.  He  was  quick  to  confess  error.  He  was  an  industrious  student,  a  faith- 
ful, thorough  and  earnest  teacher,  clear,  copious  and  convincing.  Although 
subject  to  haemoptysis  and  habitual  dyspnoea,  he  yet  met  all  the  requirements 
of  a  useful  life.  He  was  the  first  to  teach,  in  this  his  native  city,  clearly 
and  impressively  the  glorious  discoveries  of  Laennec,  and  to  imbue  the  students 
of  that  day,  now  the  most  eminent  physicians  of  Baltimore,  with  his  own 
enthusiastic  love  of  modern  science.  The  University  has  never  lost  the  effect 
of  his  thorough  and  systematic  teaching,  his  example  of  earnest  study,  his 
noble  enthusiasm.  His  strength  was  in  his  teaching,  and  especially  his 
clinical  teaching.  He  was  not  a  large  contributor  to  medical  literature.  A 
list  of  his  writings  is  given  in  Quinan's  Annals.  (The  above  is  taken  mainly 
from  an  Obituary  Notice,  Am.  Jour.  Med.  Sciences,  April  1853,  signed  -^*  S. 
(Alfred  Stille  ?) ;  and  from  an  Introductory  Lecturehj  Prof.  Wm.  T.  Howard, 
1867.)     The  following  letter  was  addressed  by  Prof.  Power  to  the  Faculty  upon 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  II7 

the  occasion  of  his  resignation  in  1852,  and  its  sentiments  are  so  pure,  lofty 
and  disinterested,  that  I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  enrich  the  pages  of  this  work 

with  it : 

'•Baltimore, /fl«.  5th,  1S52. 
Getttletnen : 

The  continued  impairment  of  my  health  and  strength  makes  it  doubtful 
whether  even  next  winter  I  shall  be  able  to  fulfill  the  duties  of  my  chair.  I 
therefore  hereby  tender  you  my  resignation  of  the  professorship  of  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Maryland.  This  step,  after  due 
deliberation,  is  taken  through  a  sense  of  duty  to  you  and  to  the  interests  of  the 
school,  but  I  confess  with  some  natural  sorrow  and  reluctance  on  my  own  part. 
My  connection  with  the  University  formed  the  realization  of  professional  hopes 
and  plans  long  cherished.  To  feel  secured  in  a  position  where  I  could  pursue 
the  profession  as  an  ennobling  science,  not  as  a  necessary  trade,  where  there 
was  a  constant  stimulus  given  to  self-culture  and  improvement,  to  constant 
fresh  study  and  daily  progress  in  the  search  after  truth,  to  be  entrusted  with 
the  responsible  and  noble  mission  of  interpreting  and  disseminating  this  truth  ; 
finally,  to  have  the  conviction  from  the  friendly  and  cheering  intercourse  of 
colleagues  and  the  respectful  demeanour  of  the  class  that  I  had  the  approba- 
tion and  confidence  of  both,  and  that  my  efforts  to  be  useful  and  give  satisfac- 
tion were  not  in  vain,  all  this  made  my  situation  dear  to  me.  My  chair  was  the 
ruling  interest  of  my  professional  life,  that  in  which  all  my  pleasures,  hopes 
and  ambition  centered,  and  the  determination  to  resign  it  involves  the  virtual 
and  formal  adieu  to  all  lingering  hope  of  future  usefulness.  My  whole  con- 
nection with  the  school  has  been  to  me  of  the  most  agreeable  character. 
Nothing  has  ever  occurred  to  mar  for  a  moment  the  good  understanding  between 
myself  and  my  present  colleagues.  We  have  laboured  pleasantly  and  amicably 
together.  We  have  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  school,  year  by  year, 
increasing  in  prosperity,  her  embarrassed  finances  improved  and  now  placed  in 
the  best  condition.  We  have  witnessed  her  facilities  for  teaching  much  in- 
■  creased,  by  the  enlargement  of  the  Infirmary  and  large  purchases  of  materials 
for  demonstrative  instruction,  the  classes  steadily  growing  in  numbers,  better 
taught,  pleased  and  satisfied  with  the  opportunities  they  enjoyed  and  the 
tuition  they  received,  and  leaving  us  to  give  a  good  report  of  their  alma  mater. 
The  whole  course  of  the  University  has  been  upward  and  onward,  and  with 
continued  harmony  and  activity  on  the  part  of  the  Faculty  there  is  every  reason 
to  anticipate  a  still  more  brilliant  future.  I  do  most  sincerely  trust  that  in 
appointing  my  successor  your  choice  may  fall  upon  one  who,  with  more 
acquirement  and  talent  to  fit  him  for  the  place,  may  at  least  possess  equal  zeal 
and  devotion  to  the  progress  and  interests  of  the  school.  Though  no  longer 
directly  connected  with  it,  still  so  long  as  life  continues  I  cannot  but  feel  the 
deepest  interest  in  its  policy  and  progress.  In  conclusion,  allow  me  to  tender 
to  each  of  you  my  thanks  for  many  acts  of  friendship  and  courtesy  during  our 
past  intercourse,  and  to  assure  you  of  my  sincere  wishes  and  earnest  prayers 
for  your  individual  success,  happiness  and  usefulness. 

Wm.  Power, 

57  St.  Paul  street. 
7^0  the  Faculty  of  Physic  of  the  Unive^-siiy  of  Maryla7td." 


Il8  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

Richard  Henry  Thomas  was  a  native  of  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.,  and 
was  born  June  20th,  1805.  He  was  the  son  of  John  Chew  and  Mary  Snowden 
Thomas.  His  father  served  for  several  years  in  both  houses  of  Congress. 
He  received  both  his  academic  and  medical  education  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  graduating  in  medicine  in  1828.  He  then  settled  in  Baltimore, 
where  he  subsequently  acquired  a  large  practice.  In  1831  he  was  associated 
with  others  in  the  Baltimore  Medical  Institute,  in  which  he  delivered 
lectures  and  held  examinations  on  obstetrics.  Upon  the  death  of  Professor 
Hall  in  1847  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Obstetrics  and  Medical  Jurispru- 
dence in  this , University  and  held  it  until  his  resignation  in  1858.  He  died 
January  15th,  i860.  Professor  Thomas  was  an  eminent  minister  of  the  Society 
of  Friends,  and  in  that  capacity  traveled  extensively  in  Europe  and  America. 
He  lectured  without  notes.  He  was  of  a  spare  figure  and  had  a  clerical  air.  He 
was  thrice  married,  and  two  of  his  sons  have  succeeded  him  in  the  medical 
profession.  A  list  of  the  articles  which  he  wrote  is  contained  in  Quinan's 
Annals.  "  As  an  accoucheur  he  was  always  prompt,  full  of  resources  and  of 
great  dexterity  as  a  manipulator  His  goodness  of  heart  was  shown  in  his 
devotion  to  the  poor  and  his  cordial  co-operation  in  all  benevolent  enterprises. 
Few  men  in  any  calling  have  been  more  respected  for  sound  attainments  or 
more  beloved  for  gentleness  of  manner  and  integrity  of  life  "  (Dr.  C.  C.  Cox, 
Transactions  of  American  Medical  Association'). 

Joseph  Roby  was  born  in  Wiscasset,  Maine,  in  1807.  He  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1828  and  was  an  A.  M.  of  the  same  institution.  Obtained 
M.  D.  at  Harvard  Medical  College  in  1831  and  then  settled  in  Boston.  From 
1837  to  1843  he  held  the  chair  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery  at  Bowdoin  College, 
Brunswick,  Maine,  and  from  1840  to  1849  the  chair  of  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Medicine  and  Materia  Medica  or  Pathological  Anatomy  at  Dartmouth  College. 
In  April,  1842,  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  Anatomy  (which  included  Physi- 
ology) in  the  University  of  Maryland,  and  continued  in  it  until  his  resignation 
on  account  of  bad  health  in  March,  i860.  He  married  in  1842.  On  the  death 
of  Professor  Potter  early  in  January,  1843,  he  finished  the  course  on  Practice 
of  Medicine,  and  he  also  lectured  upon  the  same  branch  during  the  session  of 
1843-4,  there  being  a  vacancy  in  this  "chair  through  the  resignation  of  Dr. 
Richard  S.  Steuart.  There  was  much  enthusiasm  over  these  lectures  and  also 
over  his  introductories,  which  were  exceedingly  popular  and  always  attended  by 
crowds  of  citizens.  He  also  lectured  upon  non-medical  subjects.  For  several 
years  after  coming  to  Baltimore  he  returned  North  early  every  spring  in  order 
to  lecture  there.  During  the  last  two  years  of  his  life  he  was  unable  to  lec- 
ture, and  Professor  Smith  performed  the  duties  of  his  chair  for  him,  turning 
over  to  him,  however,  the  entire  proceeds  accruing  to  it.  Finding  that  he  was 
incapacitated  for  further  work  he  resigned  his  chair  early  in  i860  and  was 
made  Emeritus  Professor.  He  died  in  Baltimore,  June  3,  i860,  of  pulmonary 
consumption,  aged  53.  According  to  his  often-expressed  wish  his  body 
was  taken  to  Boston,  and  in  the  presence  of  a  very  few  friends  and  connec- 
tions committed  to  the  spot  he  had  selected  at  Mt.  Auburn.     Prof.  Roby  was 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  IIQ 

small  and  sparely  built.  He  wore  glasses  and  had  a  thin  and  weak  voice. 
His  face  has  been  compared  by  Prof.  Bartholow  to  that  of  Voltaire.  He  was 
very  skeptical  of  drugs  and  was  not  adapted  for  the  role  of  a  practicing 
physician,  a  fact  which  he  himself  early  recognized.  He  was  at  the  University 
attending  to  the  duties  of  his  chair  from  9  to  3  o'clock  daily.  He  was 
exceedingly  particular  about  his  dissections,  insisting  that  the  linen  should 
be  perfectly  clean  and  white  ;  he  noticed  the  least  nick— you  could  conceal 
nothing  from  his  sharp  eye.'  He  eschewed  technical  terms  and  taught  with 
singular  clearness.  He  had  remarkable  aptitude  for  discovering  the  salient 
points  of  his  subject.  He  had  no  intimate  friend  in  Baltimore  ;  he  was  a  man 
of  few  friendships. 

From  one  who  was  a  fellow-student  and  colleague,  an  intimate  friend  and 
for  over  twenty  years  a  constant  correspondent — Dr.  Oliver  "Wendell  Holmes — 
we  obtain  some  further  particulars  about  him  in  the  following  extracts  :  "He 
was  born  with  a  delicate,  nervous  and  melancholy  temperament,  which  betrayed 
itself  in  his  slight  spare  figure,  his  grave  cast  of  features  and  his  shadowy 
complexion,  to  which  a  striking  effect  was  added  by  exquisitely  arched, 
sharply  pencilled  eyebrows  such  as  it  would  be  hard  to  match  on  any  living 
face  among  us.  He  was  shy  by  nature  ;  he  was  solitary  by  habit.  He  talked 
too  plainly  from  his  convictions  to  be  always  harmless.  He  saw  too  keenly 
into  the  minds  and  hearts  of  others  to  be  always  as  charitable  as  those  whose 
good  nature  is  in  proportion  to  the  defect  of  their  vision.  He  was  a  man  dan- 
gerous to  any  persons  of  false  pretensions  who  came  in  his  way,  making  no 
claims  for  himself  which  could  be  disputed,  and  not  very  tolerant  of  such  in 
others.  His  great  excellence  as  a  lecturer  was  immediately  recognized.  In 
the  department  which  he  taught  in  the  University  of  Maryland  he  was 
acknowledged  to  rank  among  the  first  in  the  country.  His  character  is  most 
truly  revealed  in  his  copious  letters.  If  his  correspondence  could  be  published, 
full  as  it  is  of  personal  revelations  and  confidences  not  adapted  for  the  gen- 
eral eye,  it  would  be  enough  to  give  him  literary  reputation.  As  it  is,  he  has 
lived  without  seeking  fame  and  died  without  leaving  any  public  permanent 
record  of  himself.  He  was  not  only  a  man  of  superior  intellect,  but  a  fast  and 
faithful  friend,  always  ready  with  counsel  and  aid,  not  afraid  to  speak  the 
truth,  one  who  could  be  an  intimate,  yet  with  a  tact  and  delicacy  which  pre- 
vented his  intimacy  from  becoming  oppressive  ;  a  rare  nature,  in  a  word, 
which  a  delicate  organization  unfitted  in  a  measure  for  the  complete  and 
cheerful  exercise  of  all  its  varied  powers,  but  which  leaves  a  precious  memory 
in  a  few  loving  hearts."  (Extracts  from  obituary  notice  in  Boston  Daily 
Advertiser,  June  7th,  i860,  and  from  letter  to  author.) 

Charles  Frick  was  born  in  Baltimore  in  1823.  He  was  a  nephew  of  Dr. 
George  Frick,  the  oculist.  At  the  age  of  16,  after  a  course  at  college,  he 
obtained  a  position  as  assistant  civil  engineer  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail- 
road. Some  years  were  spent  in  this  employment.  He  then  entered,  as  a 
student  of  medicine,  the  office  of  Dr.  John  Buckler.  He  matriculated  at  the 
University  of  Maryland  in  1843  and  obtained  his  degree  in  medicine  there- 

'  Dr.  Alan  P.  Smith,  his  prosector. 


I20  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

from  in  1845.  From  1844  to  1846  he  was  a  student  at  the  Almshouse.  In  1847 
he  joined  with  Drs.  Theobald,  Johnston  and  Stewart  in  founding  the  Mary- 
land Medical  Institute,  a  preparatory  school  for  medical  students.  In  1849  he 
was  appointed  physician  to  the  Maryland  Penitentiary,  and  in  1855  to  the 
Union  Protestant  Infirmary.  He  married, in  1854,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Sar- 
gent, a  well-known  Methodist  divine.  On  the  reorganization  of  the  Maryland 
College  of  Pharmacy  in  1856,  he  was  made  Professor  of  Materia  Medica.  In 
the  spring  of  1857  he  took  a  short  trip  to  Europe,  visiting  the  hospitals  of 
Paris  and  London.  In  1858  a  vacancy  occurred  in  the  Faculty  of  the  Univer- 
sity by  the  resignation  of  Professor  Thomas,  and  at  once  "  all  eyes  were  turned 
towards  Dr.  Frick  as  the  man  above  all  others  in  the  medical  profession  in 
Baltimore  whose  entire  fitness  for  the  chair  was  pre-eminent  and  undeniable." 
The  appointment  was  conferred  upon  him  and  he  opened  the  ensuing  session 
"with  a  discourse  of  great  elegance.  He  stamped  a  powerful  and  individual 
impress  upon  the  course  which  followed  and  conducted  his  clinical  teaching 
in  so  strikingly  original  and  instructive  a  manner  as  to  fill  his  friends  with 
pride  and  admiration."  '  He  completed  his  second  course  of  lectures  and 
began  his  attendance  upon  the  Infirmary.  He  now  had  under  his  charge  a 
case  of  diphtheria  upon  whom  it  became  necessary  for  him  to  perform 
tracheotomy.  He  contracted  the  disease  and  after  a  brief  illness  of  only  five 
days  succumbed  to  it,  at  noon,  March  25th,  i860,  a  martyr  to  his  profession. 
"  He  died  as  he  had  lived,  all  patience,  all  courage,  all  endurance." ' 

Prof.  Frick  had  few  equals  as  a  lecturer.  He  had  a  wonderful  command  of 
plain  Saxon  English,  and  his  lectures  were  marked  by  originality,  suggestive- 
ness  and  practical  utility.  Not  only  students,  but  many  physicians  of  the  city 
attended  them.  He  was  an  industrious  student,  a  laborious  investigator.  In 
disposition  he  was  cheerful,  genial,  frank,  straightforward,  modest  and  un- 
assuming. His  funeral  drew  out  the  whole  profession  of  the  city,  every 
medical  student  and  a  large  number  of  his  patients,  to  join  in  the  procession 
to  the  grave.  His  contributions  were  published  chiefly  in  the  American  Journal 
of  the  Medical  Sciences,  and  they  were  numerous  and  of  the  highest  merit.  He 
always  refused  compensation  for  his  articles.  He  also  published  in  1850  a 
Manual  on  the  Diagnosis  and  Pathology  of  Jienal  Diseases.  His  productions 
were  principally  upon  affections  of  the  kidneys  and  urine  and  remittent  fever. 
He  made  exhaustive  analyses  of  the  blood  and  urine.  "Prof.  Frick  was  one 
of  the  first  in  this  country  to  investigate  the  chemical  changes  produced  in  the 
blood  by  disease"  (O.  W.  Holmes,  Trans.  Am.  Med.  Assoc.  1848).  "Im- 
portant contributions  relating  to  the  differential  characters  of  remittent  fever 
and  its  clinical  history  were  made  by  him  in  1846  ;  our  present  knowledge  of 
this  disease  rests  mainly  on  the  facts  contained  in  these  contributions  and 
those  of  Stewardson,  Swett,  Anderson,  Stille,  and  Boiling  "  (Flint,  Inter- 
national Congress,  1S76).  Prof.  L.  P.  Yandell  mentions  Frick's  work  on  Renal 
Diseases  as  among  the  ablest  of  the  contributions  made  to  our  literature  by 
the  American  profession  [Proceedings  of  same).  (See  addresses  at  memorial 
meeting,  March  29th,  i860,  by  Drs.  Johnston,  Donaldson,  Steiner  and  Cox.) 

'  Prof.  C.  Johnston,  Proceedings  of  Meeting,  i860. 


LOUIS  McLANE   TIFFANY,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 
Professor  of  Szirgcry. 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  121 

William  Alexandkr  Hammond,  the  son  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Hammond  and  his 
wife  Sarah  (Pinckney),  was  born  at  Annapolis,  August  28th,  1828.  He  obtained 
his  medical  degree  at  the  University  of  New  York,  1848,  In  1849  he  was 
appointed  Assistant  Surgeon  U.  S.  A.  In  i860  he  succeeded  Prof.  Roby  in 
the  chair  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  the  University  of  Maryland,  and 
lectured  upon  these  branches  during  the  session  of  tS6o-6i.  He  introduced 
into  the  curriculum  here  the  study  of  histology.  Through  his  efforts  several 
microscopes  were  placed  in  the  museum,  and  in  connection  therewith  one  of 
the  largest  microscopical  collections  in  the  country  was  always  at  the  com- 
mand of  the  students.  In  this  innovation — the  teaching  of  minute  anatomy — 
it  is  believed  that  the  University  of  Maryland  can  claim  priority  among 
American  schools  {Catalogue  0/1861).  He  delivered  the  valedictory  address 
at  the  Commencement,  March  2d,  1861.  He  resigned  from  the  University 
shortly  after  and  re-entered  the  army.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  Surgeon- 
General.  He  now  reorganized  the  hospital  system  of  the  army  upon  an 
effective  basis,  and  to  him  is  due  the  honor  of  originating  the  Army  Medical 
Museum  and  Medical  Library  at  Washington.  Dismissed  from  the  service  in 
1864,  he  settled  in  New  York,  where  he  held  the  chair  of  Diseases  of  the  Mind 
and  Nervous  System  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College,  and  the  University  of  New  York,  successively.  He 
also  lectured  in  the  Summer  School  of  the  University  of  Vermont.  In  1879 
he  was  restored  to  the  army  with  the  rank  of  Surgeon-General  (Retired  List). 
In  1881  he  withdrew  from  the  University  of  New  York  and  joined  with  a 
number  of  eminent  teachers  in  that  city  in  founding  the  Post-Graduate  Medical 
School.  Finally  he  abandoned  teaching  in  1S88,  by  resigning  from  this  also. 
He  has  recently  erected  a  Sanitarium  for  the  treatment  of  patients  affected 
with  nervous  diseases  and  victims  of  the  opium  and  chloral  habits,  in  Wash- 
ington City,  where  he  will  henceforth  reside.  Dr.  Hammond  is  a  member  of 
a  number  of  American  and  foreign  societies,  an  ex-President  of  the  American 
Neurological  Association,  and  has  been  a  prolific  writer.  His  best  known  and 
most  elaborate  work  is  "A  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System," 
first  issued  in  1871,  which  went  through  seven  editions  in  ten  years  and  has 
been  republished  in  several  foreign  languages.  He  has  also  been  successful 
in  the  field  of  fiction. 

Edward  Warren,  the  son  of  Dr.  William  C.  Warren,  was  born  in  Tyrrell 
Co.,  N.  C,  in  1828.  He  received  his  literary  education  at  the  University  of 
Virginia  and  obtained  the  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  same  institution  in  1850,  and 
a  year  later  also  at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia.  He  then  began 
practice  at  Edenton,  in  his  native  state.  He  spent  the  year  1854-5  in  Paris, 
attending  the  hospitals  there.  He  returned  to  Edenton  in  the  latter  year  and 
resumed  practice  as  the  partner  of  his  father.  In  1856  he  gained  the  Fisk 
Fund  Prize,  of  the  Rhode  Island  Medical  Society,  for  an  essay  on  "  The 
Influence  of  Pregnancy  on  the  Development  of  Tubercular  Phthisis."  About 
this  time  he  edited  the  Medical  Journal  of  North  Carolitia.  In  i860,  a  vacancy 
having  occurred  in  the  Faculty  of  the  University  of  Maryland  through  the 
death  of  Professor  Charles  Frick,  he  applied  for  and  obtained   the  chair  of 


122  THE    UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 

Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics.  In  January,  1861,  he  founded  a  medical 
journal  in  Baltimore,  called  the  Baltimore  Journal  of  Medicine.  This  was  a 
bi-monthly  and  three  numbers  of  it  appeared.  By  that  time  the  war  had  begun, 
and  Dr.  Warren  went  South.'  Between  1861  and  1865  he  held  medical  offices 
under  the  State  of  North  Carolina  and  the  Confederate  States,  viz.  Surgeon- 
General  of  the  former  and  Medical  Inspector  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Vir- 
ginia in  the  latter.  In  1863  he  published  at  Richmond  a  lamo  entitled 
"Epitome  of  Practical  Surgery  for  Field  and  Hospital."  After  the  close  of 
the  war  he  returned  to  Baltimore  and  demanded  the  restoration  of  his  chair  at 
the  University.  This  was  refused  on  the  grounds  that  he  had  voluntarily 
abandoned  it  and  though  repeatedly  notified  to  return  he  had  declined  to  do 
so,  and  that  his  continued  absence  and  the  interests  of  the  school  had  rendered 
it  necessary  to  fill  so  important  a  chair,  to  which,  though  the  circumstances 
had  warranted  earlier  action,  the  Faculty  had  yet  postponed  making  a  per- 
manent appointment  until  the  session  of  1863-4."  Although  Dr.  Warren 
indulged  in  some  threats  he  did  not  put  them  into  execution,  but  vented  his 
spleen  by  founding  a  rival  college.  In  furtherance  of  his  design  he  had  the 
address  to  obtain  liberal  aid  from  the  city  and  state,  and  large  classes  were  at 
once  secured  by  a  beneficiary  system  admitting  disabled  soldiers  from  the 
South  at  merely  nominal  rates.  By  these  means  he  reorganized  the  Washington 
University,  a  former  rival  of  this  University,  but  suspended  since  1851.  This 
institution  was  for  some  time  now  popularly  known  as  "  Warren's  School."  From 
1868  to  1870  he  edited  a  semi-monthly  medical  journal  c?i\\tdx.h.&  Medical  Bulletin. 
In  1871,  owing  to  differences  of  opinion  as  to  the  management  of  the  affairs  of 
his  college,  Dr.  Warren  withdrew  from  it  and  joined  with  Drs.  Byrd,  Opie  and 
others  in  founding  another  school,  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  in 
which,  as  in  the  former,  he  held  the  chair  of  Surgery.  In  1873  he  sought  and 
obtained  an  appointment  in  the  Egyptian  service  and  set  out  for  Cairo.  He 
remained  in  that  country  until  1875,  holding  the  rank  of  Surgeon-in-Chief  of 
the  War  Department.  In  that  year  he  suffered  so  much  from  ophthalmia  that 
he  was  compelled  to  seek  a  furlough.  He  did  not  return  to  Egypt,  but  settled 
in  Paris,  where  he  still  resides  and  practices  as  a  "  licentiate  of  the  University 
of  France."  Dr.  Warren  has  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  North  Carolina ;  he  is  also  a  Chevalier  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  and  has 
other  orders.  He  claims  the  honor  of  having  recommended  and  used  morphia 
hypodermatically  in  the  winter  of  1850-51,  several  years  prior  to  its  use  by  any 
one  else.  In  1872  he  invented  a  splint  for  fracture  of  the  clavicle.  In  1885  he 
published,  under  the  form  of  a  series  of  letters  to  Dr.  John  Morris,  of  Balti- 
more, an  interesting  autobiography,  entitled  "A  Doctor's  Experiences  in  Three 
Continents."  Dr.  Warren  is  a  fluent  speaker  and  graceful  writer.  His  readi- 
ness  at  repartee  was  illustrated  forcibly  in  the  famous  Wharton  trial,  1S71-2. 

'"  I  left  Baltimore  occupying  a  conspicuous  position,  in  the  possession  of 
independent  means,  the  idol  of  an  enthusiastic  class,  the  pet  of  an  admiring 
community  and  with  everything  in  life  wearing  the  freshness  and  glamour  of  a 
May  morning"  [A  Doctor'' s  Experie7tces  in  Three  Continents). 

■  Prof.  McSherry  was  only  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica  prior  to  this  period. 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  1 23 

On  his  cross-examination  by  the  Attorney-General  of  Maryland  a  spicy  con- 
versation took  place  between  the  two,  when  the  former  lost  his  temper  and 
said,  "  You  doctors  have  the  advantage  of  us  lawyers.  You  bury  your  mis- 
takes six  feet  under  the  earth."  "  Yes,"  quietly  replied  the  doctor,  "  and  you 
lawyers  hang  your  mistakes  in  the  air." 

An  enumeration  of  the  changes  in  the  faculties,  however,  is  not  a 
history  of  the  University  any  more  than  a  list  of  kings  is  a  history 
of  a  country.  It  is  necessary,  therefore,  to  retrace  our  steps  and 
enter  more  minutely  into  the  events  of  this  period. 

The  University  has  a  connection  with  the  founding  of  the  Balti- 
more College  of  Dental  Surgery'  of  which  few  are  now  aware.  This 
institution  was  chartered  in  1839,  and  the  founders  first  made  appli- 
cation to  the  authorities  of  the  University  for  admission  as  a  separate 
department  thereof.  This  being  refused,  they  established  an  inde- 
pendent dental  school,  the  first,  it  is  claimed,  in  the  world.  It  cannot 
but  be  regretted  that  their  offer  was  not  accepted,  as  with  the  facilities 
at  hand  a  dental  department  could  have  been  readily  engrafted  upon 
the  medical  and  a  higher  standard  of  requirements  enforced.  Den- 
tistry should  be  regarded  as  merely  a  specialty  of  medicine,  standing 
upon  the  same  footing  as  ophthalmology,  dermatology,  neurology, 
etc.  As  practiced  hitherto,  it  has  amounted  to  little  more  than  a 
mechanical  trade.  At  the  time  referred  to,  however,  it  must  be 
remembered  that  the  University  was  in  an  unsettled  condition  or 
else  just  emerging  from  it.  The  almost  phenomenal  success  of  the 
recently  established  dental  department  shows  what  might  have  been 
done  in  this  direction.'' 

In  1840,  in  order  "to  increase  the  opportunities  of  the  students 
in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  their  profession,"  the  term  of  lectures 
was  increased  to  six  months,  although  only  the  last  four  were 
"  obligatory."      According  to  the  catalogue  of  the  following  year 

'As  indeed  it  has  with  many  important  personages  and  events  in  Maryland 
since  the  beginning  of  the  century. 

-The  writer  is  unable  to  give  his  authority  for  the  above  statement,  not 
having  made  a  note  of  it  or  else  having  lost  the  reference,  but  his  impressions 
are  very  strong  that  it  occurs  in  some  of  the  writings  of  Dr.  Chapin  A.  Harris. 
The  first  Faculty  of  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery  were  :  Horace 
H.  Hayden,  M.  D.,  Prof.  Dental  Physiology  and  Pathology;  H.  Willis  Baxley, 
M.  D.,  Prof,  Anatomy  and  Physiology;  Thomas  E.  Bond,  Jr.,  M.  D.,  Prof. 
Special  Pathology  and  Therapeutics.  Dr.  Chapin  A.  Harris  was  very  shortly 
after  added  to  these.  According  to  Professor  Gorgas,  Dr.  Hayden  delivered 
dental  lectures  in  the  University  in  1837  and  these  were  the  first  in  America. 


124  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

this  advance  "met  with  universal  approbation,"  and  the  Faculty 
hoped  to  make  it  permanent.  But  as  the  other  schools  did  not 
adopt  it,  they  were  compelled,  in  1844,  to  return  to  the  four  months 
term.  Still,  realizing  the  inadequacy  of  this  period  to  meet  the 
demand  for  increased  medical  instruction  and  anxious  to  make  the 
curriculum  as  complete  as  possible,  they  again  lengthened  the  course 
in  1848  to  four  and  a  half  months,  at  which  it  continued  until  again 
lengthened  some  years  later. 

The  University  seemed  to  be  in  advance  of  other  schools  at  this 
time  also  in  the  teaching  of  hygiene  and  medical  jurisprudence. 
The  subject  of  hygiene  first  appears  as  an  established  part  of  the 
course  upon  the  election  of  Prof  Dunglison  in  May,  1833,  the  title 
of  whose  chair  then  was  "Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics,  Hygiene 
and  Medical  Jurisprudence."^  He  was  the  author  of  a  standard 
work  upon  this  subject  written  during  his  stay  here.  In  July,  1837, 
by  resolution  of  the  Faculty  it  was  added  to  the  chair  of  Obstetrics 
(Prof.  Hall),  and  it  will  be  remembered  that  the  Faculty  took  it  from 
Prof  Hall,  against  his  protest,  in  1843,  on  the  ground  that  he  gave 
it  undue  prominence  in  his  course,  to  the  neglect  of  more  important 
subjects.  It  was  next  attached  to  the  chair  of  Materia  Medica, 
and  the  course  which  Prof.  Chew  gave  on  it  seems  to  have  been 
quite  a  thorough  one,  to  judge  by  the  synopsis  in  the  catalogues.'' 
In  1863  we  find  particular  attention  given  to  the  subject  of  Military 
Hygiene  by  the  Professor  of  Institutes.  Later  still  Prof  Donaldson 
had  charge  of  this  important  but  usually  neglected  branch,  and  at 
present  it  is  an  appendage  of  the  chair  of  Practice  (Prof  S.  C.  Chew). 
Medical  Jurisprudence  was  taught  by  Prof  Dunglison,  and  later  by 
Prof  Hall,  whose  synopsis  in  the  catalogues  of  1844-46  is  quite  as 
full  as  that  of  hygiene.  It  does  not  seem  to  have  had  as  much  atten- 
tion, however,  as  the  latter  branch,  and  is  not  alluded  to  even  in  the 
last  catalogue. 

In  1844,  "  at  the  suggestion  of  H.  Colburn,  M.  D.,"  a  reading  room 
was  opened  at  the  University,  which  was  supplied  with  the  principal 
American  and  English  periodicals.  The  terms  were  $2  for  the 
session.  As  might  have  been  foreseen  the  students  had  quite  as 
much  as  they  could  do,  in  the  short  space  of  time  of  their  attendance, 

'Notice  in  Baltimore  American. 

-"The  lectures  on  hygiene  embrace  the  mode  of  action  of  ph}'sical  agents 
on  the  body  in  health  and  disease,  the  prevention  of  their  ill-effects,  the  effects 
of  trades  and  occupations  on  health,  of  climate,  the  influence  of  sex,  age,  etc." 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  125 

to  hear  the  lectures  and  become  familiar  with  their  text-books,  and 
the  enterprise  did  not  long  survive.' 

The  first  mention  of  instruction  being  given  in  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren is  in  the  catalogue  of  1845,  in  which  they  are  said  to  have  been 
"treated  and  explained"  by  Prof.  Hall.' 

The  first  instruction  in  auscultation  and  percussion,  so  far  as  we 
know,  was  given  in  1841  by  Professor  Power  (see  his  Biographical 
Sketch)  ;  but  although  sanctioned  by  the  Faculty,  the  catalogues  of 
that  period  make  no  allusion  to  it.  Introduced  by  Laennec  in  1819, 
the  new  doctrine  seems  to  have  made  slow  progress  in  America. 
The  first  formal  course  of  lectures  delivered  in  this  country  was 
probably  that  of  Prof.  Jackson,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
1829.  Prof  Wm,  Donaldson,  of  Baltimore,  who  died  in  1835,  is 
said  to  have  possessed  great  skill  in  physical  diagnosis,'  Prof  Potter 
never  took  any  fancy  to  it,  never  practiced  and  consequendy  never 
taught  it.  The  first  official  notice  of  its  introduction  into  the  curricu- 
lum at  the  University  is  in  1845.  The  following  is  Professor  Bart- 
lett's  announcement  in  the  catalogue  of  that  year :  "  In  order  to 
facilitate  the  acquisition  of  the  practical  knowledge  of  the  physical 
signs  of  disease — so  essential  to  accurate  and  positive  diagnosis — he 
will  meet  the  members  of  his  class  in  small  clubs  near  the  commence- 
ment of  the  term,  and  in  this  way  endeavor  to  give  to  each  of  them 
individually  such  demonstrative  instruction  as  may  be  necessary  in 
order  to  enable  them  subsequently  to  prepare  themselves  for  the 
profitable  use  of  auscultation  and  percussion."  The  subject  was 
taught  even  more  thoroughly  by  his  successor  and  is  still  eluci- 
dated by  diagnosticians  of  the  highest  skill. 

The  first  mention  of  operative  surgery  as  a  branch  apart  from 
general  surgery  is  made  in  1845,  "a  full  and  complete  series  of 
lectures  "  being  given  by  Dr.  Miltenberger.^ 

It  appears  always  (until  quite  recently)  to  have  been  the  rule  at 
the  University  that  a  successful  candidate  for  graduation  shall  have 
received  simply  a  majority  of  the  votes  of  the  Faculty.  According  to 
the  regulations  announced  at  this  time  a  failure  to  do  even  this  did  not 

'  Catalogues. 

-But  Prof.  Hall's  title  in  the  Regents'  Minute  Book  in  1813,  and  again  in 
a  published  announcement  in  1820,  is  "  Professor  of  Midwifery,  Diseases  of 
Women  and  Children." 

2  Biography  in  Md.  Med.  attd  Siirgl.  Journal,  1S40,  Vol.  I. 

■iCat.  of  1845. 


126  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

necessarily  take  away  all  hope.  If  the  Faculty  were  equally  divided 
the  candidate  was  entitled  to  a  fresh  examination,  or  if  he  preferred 
he  might  withdraw  his  thesis  and  not  be  considered  as  rejected. 
Should  the  Faculty  again  be  equally  divided  on  the  second  exami- 
nation, he  could  claim  the  same  privileges.^ 

Previous  to  1845  the  fees  had  been  $20  for  each  ticket  or  $120  for 
the  full  course.  In  that  year  they  were  reduced  to  $15  and  $90 
respectively.  The  matriculation  and  graduation  fees  continued, 
however,  as  before,  at  $5  and  $20.  There  was  also  a  fee  of  $5  for 
clinical  instruction,  and  another  of  $10  for  practical  anatomy  (which  ' 
was  not  yet  obligatory).  These  rates  prevailed  until  1866,  when 
upon  the  institution  of  an  independent  chair  of  Physiology  they 
were  raised  to  $105.  In  1867,  on  the  founding  of  a  chair  of  Dis- 
eases of  Women  and  Children,  there  was  another  rise  to  $120,  which 
figure  still  prevails. 

The  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  was  conferred  for  the  last 
time,  in  1848,  on  Rev,  Wm.  O.  Lumsden,  of  Maryland,^  who  the  next 
year  received  the  degree  of  Doctor. 

About  this  period  there  was  much  discussion  as  to  the  necessity  of 
reform  in  medical  teaching.  The  establishment  of  a  National 
Association  gave  it  a  fresh  impulse  and  great  pressure  was  brought 
to  bear  on  the  schools,  which,  however,  produced  but  little  fruit.  The 
Faculty  made  the  effort  to  lengthen  the  sessions  to  six  months,  as 
stated  above,  and  declared  that  the  University  had  always  been 
the  advocate  of  improvement  and  advancement.  "  Believing  that 
thorough  professional  training  should  be  extended  over  a  somewhat 
protracted  period,"  they  were  "  prepared  to  meet  most  cordially  the 
recommendations  of  the  National  Medical  Association  upon  this 
point.  They  therefore  advise  their  pupils  to  devote  at  least  three 
years  to  preparatory  study  and  to  attend  three  courses  of  lectures." 
They  also  gave  very  hearty  encouragement  to  the  two  preparatory 
medical  schools  which  were  then  in  operation  in  Baltimore.^ 

The  Faculty  must  surely  have  felt  some  pangs  of  conscience  when 

'  Catalogue. 

^  This  degree  has  rarely  been  conferred  in  this  country,  probably  because  of 
the  ease  with  which  the  higher  degree  was  obtained.  At  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  it  was  given  last  in  1791  (N.  S.  Uavis,  Trans.  Int.  Med.  Congress, 
1876).      See  p.  48. 

^  These  were  the  Md.  Med.  Institute,  under  Dr.  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar,  and  the 
Balto.  Med.  Institute,  under  Drs.  Frick,  Theobald,  Johnston  and  Stewart. 


FOURTH    PERIOD.  I27 

they  opposed  the  regulation  adopted  by  the  Trustees  in  1833  making 
dissection  compulsory.  Nevertheless,  this  indispensable  step  was 
not  taken  by  them,  after  their  restoration  to  power,  until  1848,  and 
then  not  without  "  much  reflection,"  such  was  the  slow  development 
of  improvement  in  medical  education  which  characterized  the  period 
prior  to  the  war  of  1861.'  At  the  same  time  (1848)  gas  was  intro- 
duced into  the  dissecting  rooms, ^  which  enabled  the  students  to 
spend  their  evenings  there  without  being  compelled,  as  before,  to 
lose  a  certain  number  of  lectures.  The  facilities  for  dissection  at  the 
University  at  this  period  appear  to  have  been  unsurpassed.  The 
indulgent  sentiment  of  the  community  with  regard  to  it  is  repeatedly 
referred  to  and  was  in  striking  contrast  to  that  of  1789  and  1807. 
Baltimore  is  spoken  of  as  "  the  Paris  of  America,"  "  the  surplus  even 
supplying  other  cities."^  All  along  through  the  catalogues,  from 
1840  to  the  present  time,  the  great  abundance  of  dissecting  material 
is  constantly  claimed  among  the  advantages  offered  by  this  city.  It 
is  asserted  that  no  Northern  city  has  such  -a  supply,  though  "  pos- 
sibly one  or  two  at  the  extreme  South."  The  source  of  this  supply 
has  been  the  Potter's  Field,  although  at  times  it  is  to  be  feared  the 
private  burial  grounds  have  not  been  respected,  and  a  late  sad 
instance  of  burking  (i886j,  for  which  the  principal  culprit  paid  the 
penalty  of  his  life  on  the  gallows,  reminds  us  of  the  possibility  of  the 
practical  study  of  anatomy  being  an  incitement  to  the  commission  of 
the  most  shocking  crimes.  The  authorities  of  the  University  have 
recognized  this  fact  and  have  made  repeated  efforts  to  secure  the 
passage  of  an  anatomy  law  by  the  Legislature,  but  so  far  without 
success,  and  it  is  still  a  reproach  to  Maryland  that  the  study  of  so 
necessary  a  branch  of  science,  and  one  so  conducive  to  the  health 
and  life  of  mankind,  has  to  be  pursued  under  methods  that,  whilst 
tolerated  by  public  sentiment,  are  violations  of  the  law,  liable  to 
severe  punishment  if  discovered. 

Simultaneously  with  the  requirement  as  to  dissection  was  inaugu- 
rated another  movement  nearly  allied  to  it  in  character.     This  was 

'  The  University  of  Maryland  was  the  first  or  second  to  make  dissection 
compulsory.  Prior  to  1849  only  one  other  school,  the  Medical  Department  of 
Pennsylvania  College,  enforced  it,  and  in  1850  only  three  of  the  sixteen 
schools  from  Maine  to  Maryland  made  it  imperative  [Catalogue  of  1850).  See 
p.  99. 

-This  was  done  at  very  great  expense,  expense  which  had  deterred  the  Fac- 
ulty from  doing  it  earlier. 

^  Catalosrues. 


128  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

the  establishment  of  a  course  of  lectures  and  demonstrations  in 
"  Pathological  Anatomy  "  under  Dr.  Miltenberger.  The  subject  had 
received  a  great  impulse  about  that  time,  which  was  heightened  by 
the  appearance  of  Sir  James  Paget's  great  work.  In  referring  to 
this  course,  which  was  obligatory,  the  Faculty  say :  "  In  the  present 
condition  of  medical  science  something  more  is  required  of  the  edu- 
cated physician  than  a  vague  impression  that  '  pain,  heat,  redness 
and  swelling'  constitute  inflammation;  that  tubercle  is  a  'round' 
and  cancer  a  '  hard '  mass  :  he  must  know  how  to  distinguish  by 
their  special  characteristics  the  great  elementary  forms  of  disease." 
Those  who  listened  to  Dr.  Miltenberger's  lectures  at  that  time  declare 
them  to  have  been  a  revelation  in  a  department  hitherto  almost 
unknown  in  Baltimore,  so  fully,  intelligently  and  eloquently  did  he 
handle  the  subject.' 

In  the  same  year  a  rule  requiring  students  to  attend  two  sessions 
of  clinical  instruction  was  adopted. 

Some  idea  is  given  us  as  to  the  teaching  at  this  time  in  the  two 
principal  chairs,  Practice  and  Surgery.  The  chief  of  the  former 
department  (Power),  besides  giving  daily  didactic  lectures,  attended 
the  Infirmary  daily  and  dwelt  largely  upon  physical  diagnosis,  par- 
ticularly in  diseases  of  the  chest.  Among  other  advantages  which 
the  institution  afforded  was  "  the  opportunity  to  compare  the  phe- 
nomena of  typhoid  and  typhus  fever  and  to  test  their  resemblances 
and  differences."^  The  following  language  appears  about  this  time 
and  shows  an  immense  revolution  since  the  death  of  Professor 
Potter  :  "  Modern  medicine  differs  from  that  which  has  preceded  it 
mainly  in  this,  that  while  it  esteems  at  their  full  value  the  powers 
of  art,  it  also  regards  and  wisely  regards  the  powers  of  nature, 
teaching  the  true  wisdom  of  watching  patiently,  observing  carefully, 
acting  cautiously,  so  that  the  operations  of  nature  being  clearly 
understood,  the  ministrations  of  art  may  be  judiciously,  efficiently 
and  beneficially  applied."" 

Prof  Smith  also  lectured  and  attended  the  Infirmary  daily.     His 

^  Histology  became  "rampant"  after  1851  (Flint,  Trans.  Int.  Med.  Congress, 
1876). 

2  It  was  about  this  time,  or  a  little  later,  that  Sir  William  Jenner,  in  London, 
placed  the  distinct  nature  of  these  diseases  on  an  enduring  basis. 

^  Catalogue,  1849.  "  A  favorite  expression  of  Prof.  Potter  to  his  class  was  : 
If  nature  should  come  in  at  the  door  she  must  be  thrown  out  of  the  window" 
{^Prof.  F.  Donaldsoii). 


/S.4.1  C  EDMONDSON  A  TKINSON,  M.  D. 


J'rn/cssor  of  Materia  MnHcn  and  Thertifn'utic 
Clinical  Aledicinc  and  Dci-matologv- 


FOURTH   PERIOD.  1 29 

visits  were  paid  at  an  early  hour  in  the  morning  and  those  students 
who  wished  to  follow  him  were  compelled  to  be  early  risers.  Those 
who  had  the  good  fortune  to  attend  his  lectures  will  realize  the  per- 
fect truth  of  the  following  description  :'  "  Surgery  is  taught  as  a 
reality,  not  as  an  abstraction.  Having  been  engaged  actively  in  the 
practice  of  surgery  for  nearly  thirty  years,  the  Professor  has  had 
large  experience  in  the  treatment  of  surgical  diseases  and  has  had 
occasion  to  perform  repeatedly  all  the  important  operations.  His 
instruction  is  therefore  of  necessity  in  great  degree  personal — the 
result  of  what  he  has  seen  and  done  and  not  merely  of  what  he  has 
read — a  statement  of  facts  and  not  merely  of  opinions.  Having 
accumulated  a  large  collection  of  preparations,  casts,  drawings,  sur- 
gical instruments  and  apparatus,  he  is  prepared  to  illustrate  his 
course  in  the  fullest  manner  and  to  exhibit  to  his  class  the  applica- 
tion of  all  modern  improvements  in  the  surgical  art." 

About  this  time  occurs  the  first  intimation  of  the  actual  delivery 
of  lectures  on  the  Diseases  of  Women,  by  Professor  Thomas. °  This 
branch,  which  has  since  been  the  field  of  so  many  triumphs  of  Amer- 
ican surgeons,  was  then  in  its  infancy  and  received  but  little  atten- 
tion, and  that  only  as  a  subordinate  part  of  the  obstetrical  course. 

In  1 85 1  Mr.  Campbell  Morfit  made  an  ofier  to  establish  at  his  own 
expense,  in  connection  with  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity, a  "School  of  Applied  Chemistry."  The  plan  of  the  pro- 
posed building  accompanied  the  ofier  and  indicates  great  liberality 
and  public  spirit  on  the  part  of  the  proposer.  It  was  to  be  built  on  the 
college  grounds  and  v.'as  to  cost  about  $10,000.  The  Faculty  appre- 
ciated the  offer  but  felt  compelled  to  decline  it,  on  the  ground  that 
the  character  of  the  teaching  did  not  come  properly  within  the  scope 
of  a  medical  college.  As  an  evidence  of  their  appreciation  they 
conferred  upon  Mr.  Morfit  the  honorary  degree  of  M.  D.^ 

In  1852  the  custom  of  devoting  the  first  week  of  the  session  to 
introductory  lectures,  which  had  been  in  vogue  from  the  earliest 
period  of  the  University,  was  abandoned.* 

1  Catalogue,  1849. 

^  But,  as  already  stated,  Prof.  Hall's  title  in  1S13  and  1820  was  "Professor 
of  Midwifery,  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children." 

2  Professor  Morfit  has  since  become  a  renowned  chemist  and  is  the  author  of 
several  standard  works.  For  many  years  he  has  resided  in  London,  being 
engaged  in  chemical  analysis,  especially  in  connection  with  foods. 

.  ■*At  present  and  for  some  years  past  there  has  been  no  formal  opening  of  the 
course,  an  unwise  custom,  in  the  author's  opinion. 


130  THE  UNIVERSITY   OF  MARYLAND. 

The  following  occurs  in  a  report  on  the  condition  of  the  various 
departments  of  the  University,  made  to  the  Regents,  April  5th,  1852, 
by  a  committee  of  which  Mr.  George  W.  Dobbin  (the  chairman  of 
the  present  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University)  was 
the  chairman :  "At  no  previous  period  in  its  history  has  the  medical 
department  presented  better  founded  claims  to  patronage  than  at 
present,  and  in  point  of  scientific  attainments,  talents  and  faithfulness 
in  the  discharge  of  its  functions,  and  extensive  and  well-arranged 
means  of  illustration,  it  is  not  inferior  to  any  college  in  the  country." 
The  College  and  Infirmary  building  were  reported  in  good  repair.* 

About  this  time  an  important  addition  was  made  to  the  Infirmary, 
by  which  private  rooms  were  provided  to  meet  an  urgent  need,  and 
the  clinical  amphitheatre  on  the  corner  of  Greene  and  Lombard 
streets  was  erected.  The  institution  now  had  a  capacity  of  150  beds 
and  was  the  largest  hospital  in  the  city.  There  were  eight  resident 
students  and  also  a  resident  physician.^ 

In  1854  a  lectureship  on  Experimental  Physiology  and  Micro- 
scopy was  founded  and  placed  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Christopher 
Johnston,  "  an  accomplished  physiologist  and  microscopist,  who  has 
spent  several  years  abroad,  where  he  enjoyed  extraordinary  facilities 
for  becoming  perfectly  familiar  with  the  discoveries  and  doctrines 
of  modern  physiology ;  possessing,  moreover,  a  great  natural  apti- 
tude for  the  acquirement  and  communication  of  knowledge  which 
in  the  present  progressive  condition  of  medical  science  it  becomes 
every  educated  physician  to  know."  ^  These  lectures  were  delivered 
twice  a  week  and  after  the  first  course  became  obligatory. 

1  Regents'  Minute  Book.  Such  praise  from  so  high  and  impartial  a  source 
is  much  to  be  prized. 

^  Dr.  James  Morison,  of  Mass.,  was  the  first  resident  physician,  being  ap- 
pointed in  1846.  Before  that  the  senior  student  had  charge.  An  assistant  phy- 
sician or  "  Clinical  Reporter  "  was  first  appointed  in  i860.  As  has  been  already 
mentioned,  the  Gray  legacy  was  used  in  making  the  improvements  above 
referred  to.  The  Regents'  Minute  Book,  April  5th,  1852,  contains  an  interest- 
ing opinion  of  Mr.  J.  H.  B.  Latrobe  upon  the  question  of  using  this  legacy  for 
this  purpose.  The  lot  on  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Greene  and  Lombard  streets 
(78  ft.  front,  169  ft.  5  in.  deep),  adjoining  the  Infirmary  lot,  was  owned  by  the 
Regents  in  fee-simple,  having  been  purchased  by  the  Trustees  in  1833.  In 
granting  the  use  of  the  Gray  legacy  for  this  purpose  the  Regents  wisely  pro- 
vided legal  restrictions  by  which  the  property  cannot  be  diverted  from  the 
purposes  of  the  legacy. 

3  Catalogue  of  1855. 


FOURTH   PERIOD.  13I 

In  1861  this  department  was  under  the  charge  of  Prof.  Hammond 
and  microscopes  were  provided  in  the  museum,  together  with  "one 
of  the  largest  microscopic  collections  in  the  country,  containing 
specimens  of  all  the  tissues  and  structures  entering  into  the  compo- 
sition of  the  body,"  at  all  times  accessible  to  the  students.  The 
Faculty  prided  themselves  on  being  "  the  first  to  introduce  into  the 
country  this  method  of  studying  histology." 

The  period  of  the  war  was  one  which  bore  hard  upon  the  Uni- 
versity, because  its  patronage  was  so  largely  from  the  South,  access 
to  which  was  now  cut  off.  The  following  figures  show  the  size  of 
the  classes  from  1S60  to  1865:  1860-61,  150  students,  63  graduates; 
1861-2,  114  students,  graduates  52;  1862-3,  103  students,  37  gradu- 
ates; 1863-4,  130  students,  56  graduates;  1864-5,  163  students,  58 
graduates.  This  falling  off  was  not,  however,  as  great  as  might  have 
been  expected.'  Particular  attention  was  given  during  these  years 
to  Military  Surgery  and  Hygiene. 

The  following  changes  took  place  in  the  Faculty:  In  1862,  Prof. 
Warren  having  gone  South,  the  exigencies  of  the  course  required 
that  his  chair  should  be  filled,  which  was  done  by  the  appointment 
as  Lecturer  of  Dr.  Richard  McSherry.  In  1863,  on  the  death  of 
Prof  Chew,  Dr.  McSherry  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Practice  (and 
Hygiene),  and  Dr.  Samuel  C.  Chew  to  that  of  Materia  Medica. 
Dr.  Christopher  Johnston  was  elected  Prof,  of  Anatomy  and  Physi- 
ology, which  departments  Prof  Smith  had  filled  temporarily  since  the 
withdrawal  of  Prof  Hammond  in  1861.  Thus  at  the  close  of  the 
war  all  the  chairs  were  again  filled.^ 

Samuel  Chew  was  born  in  Calvert  County,  Maryland,  April  29th,  1806.  His 
early  education  was  received  at  Charlotte  Hall,  St.  Mary's  County.  In  1822 
he  entered  Princeton  College,  where  in  1825  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  B. 
and  in  1828  that  of  A.  M.  On  leaving  Princeton  he  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine in  Baltimore  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  William  Donaldson,  a  cultivated 
gentleman  and  skillful  physician.  After  attending  three  courses  of  lectures  in 
the  School  of  Medicine  of  the  University  of  Maryland  he  received  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  that  institution  in  1829.  He  then  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  his  native  county,  but  after  five  years  spent  there  he 
removed  to  the  more  extensive  field  offered  to  professional  ambition  in  Balti- 
more,  where    he    established    himself    in    1834.      From    about    1S35    to    1841 

^  Of  the  103  students  in  attendance  in  1862-3,  89  were  from  Maryland,  4 
from  Va.,  3  from  Penna.,  2  each  from  N.  Y.  and  Delaware,  i  each  from  Fla., 
N.  C.  and  La.  (^Catalogue). 

"^  En  passant  maybe  mentioned  the  fact  that  during  this  period  the  cata- 
logues state  that  physiology  was  taught  by  experiment  as  well  as  orally. 


132  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

he  was  Librarian  o£  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty.  In  1840,  in  con- 
junction with  Dr.  Joshua  I.  Cohen,  he  established  in  Baltimore  an  Eye  and  Ear 
Institute,  in  which  he  had  charge  of  the  department  relating  to  the  eye.  In 
August,  1841,  on  the  death  of  Professor  Samuel  G.  Baker,  he  was  elected  to 
the  chair  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  in  the  University  of  Maryland, 
a  position  which  he  filled  until  1852,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  chair  of 
Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine.  He  continued  the  incumbent  of  the 
latter  chair  until  his  death  in  Dec.  1863.  Dr.  Chew  was  a  man  of  scholarly 
attainments  and  classical  tastes.  His  writings  show  that  he  was  familiar  with 
the  ancient  authors,  from  whom  he  frequently  quotes.  He  was  dignified  and 
reserved  in  manner,  but  genial  with  his  friends.  His  life  was  upright,  his 
sentiments  pure  and  lofty.  He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  periodical  medi- 
cal literature  and  delivered  numerous  lectures  and  addresses,  all  of  which  were 
published.  One  of  the  best  known  of  the  latter  was  an  oration  delivered 
before  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  in  1858,  on  the  occasion  of 
the  occupation  of  the  new  hall  on  Calvert  street  near  Saratoga.  His  latest 
published  work,  and  the  most  extensive,  was  a  volume  of  "Lectures  on  Medi- 
cal Education,"  intended  chiefly  for  students.  This  was  left  unfinished  at  his 
death  but  was  completed  by  his  son.  The  last  words  which  he  is  said  to  have 
written  in  it  were  "  Sic  ituj-  ad  asira." 


FIFTH   PERIOD. 

FROM  THE  CIVIL   WAR  TO  THE  PRESENT,  1865-1890. 

ON  the  conclusion  of  the  war  numerous  and  rapid  changes  occurred. 
As  soon  as  intercourse  between  the  sections  was  re-established 
many  physicians  flocked  to  Baltimore,  especially  from  the  South. 
Some  of  these  had  been  men  of  eminence  in  their  respective 
localities  and  they  at  once  took  high  positions  here.  Specialties 
at  this  time  first  began  to  attract  attention.  There  were  several 
young  physicians  who  had  been  abroad  or  had  cultivated  talents  in 
certain  directions  at  home,  who  began  now  to  be  recognized  as  pos- 
sessing superior  qualifications  in  special  departments.  These  gentle- 
men were  invited  to  take  positions  as  Adjuncts  in  the  Faculty,  and 
they  also  organized  a  Summer  Course  of  Lectures  and  a  Special 
Dispensary.' 

In  1866  Physiology,  Hygiene  and  General  Pathology  were  united 
in  one  chair,  which  was  assigned  to  Professor  Frank  Donaldson.  At 
this  time  Dr.  W.  Chew  VanBibber  delivered  the  first  clinics  on 
Diseases  of  Children,  and  in  connection  therewith  took  the  first  steps, 
it  is  believed,  in  the  inauguration  of  an  out-patient  department.  He 
also  held  clinics  on  Venereal  Diseases. 

In  1867  Dr.  William  T.  Howard  was  elected  to  a  new  chair  of 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children.  Professor  Howard  has  stated 
that  this  was  the  first  distinct  recognition  of  these  departments  as 
independent  branches  by  any  Faculty  in  this  country. 

In  1868-9  the  first  clinics  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye  were  given  by 

'  Their  first  course  began  March  15th,  1866  and  lasted  until  July  first.  The 
Faculty  were:  James  H,  Butler,  Operative  Surgery;  Alan  P.  Smith,  Ortho- 
paedic Surgery,  Dislocations  and  Fractures  ;  F.  E.  Chatard,  Jr.,  Diseases  of 
Women  and  Children  ;  W.  C.  VanBibber,  Venereal  Diseases  ;  J.  H.  Straith, 
Surgical  Pathology  ;  M.  J.  DeRosset,  Physiological  and  Pathological  Chem- 
istry;  W.  T.  Howard,  Auscultation  and  Percussion;  E.  G.  Loring,  Ophthal- 
mology ;  W.  G.  Harrison,  Normal  and  Morbid  Histology.  This  was  an  able 
combination  and  ought  to  have  added  greatly  to  the  strength  of  the  Faculty 
and  the  resources  of  the  University.  The  next  session  S.  L.  Frank  was  added 
on  Diseases  of  the  Ear.  There  was  a  "summer  course"  in  the  Infirmary  by 
four  of  the  Faculty  in  1S60. 


134  THE   UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 

Dr.  Russell  Murdoch,  and  Dr.  DeRosset  lectured  on  the  "  Physiology 
and  Pathology  of  the  Kidney  and  its  Secretion,"  with  the  exhibi- 
tion of  urinary  tests  and  the  use  of  the  microscope. 

There  were  at  this  time  three  clinics  every  week  on  Surgery,  two 
by  Professor  Smith  and  one  by  Professor  Johnston.  Pathology  was 
practically  taught  in  a  weekly  lecture  by  Professor  Donaldson,  who 
exhibited  a  great  number  and  variety  of  interesting  specimens 
obtained  from  Bayview  and  other  hospitals. 

The  summer  course  as  planned  by  the  Adjunct  Faculty  did  not 
succeed  as  was  hoped  and  as  from  the  eminence  and  attainments  of 
the  gentlemen  having  charge  of  it  it  deserved.  It  was  said  that  the 
arrangements  made  by  the  Faculty  of  the  University  were  not 
entirely  satisfactory  to  the  Adjuncts  and  that  there  was  not  that 
co-operation  which  might  have  been  expected.  At  any  rate  the 
course  only  lasted  one  or  two  summers  and  then  ceased. 

In  1 868  a  preliminary  course  of  two  weeks  was  instituted,  making 
with  the  regular  course  a  session  of  five  months. 

In  1869  Prof.  Smith  was  transferred  to  a  chair  of  "  Clinical  Sur- 
gery and  Surgery  of  the  Skeleton,"  and  Prof.  Christopher  Johnston 
was  made  Professor  of  the  Principles  and  Practice  of  Surgery.  Drs. 
J.  J.  Chisolm  and  Francis  T.  Miles,  two  prominent  physicians  from 
South  Carolina  who  had  recently  settled  in  Baltimore,  were  now  added 
to  the  Faculty,  the  former  as  Professor  of  Operative  Surgery  and 
Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  the  latter  as  Pro- 
fessor of  General,  Descriptive  and  Surgical  Anatomy  and  Clinical 
Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System.  The  following 
announcements  were  made  in  the  catalogue  of  this  year  :  "  To  enable 
the  students  to  reap  the  fullest  advantage  from  clinical  teaching  and 
to  supply  abundant  material  the  Faculty  have  organized  a  General 
Dispensary."  "  Habitual  and  prolonged  absence  from  lectures  will 
always  be  regarded  as  an  obstacle  to  obtaining  a  degree."  The  fees 
were  now  increased  to  $125. 

The  same  year  the  School  of  Law  was  resuscitated  through  the 
agency  of  Messrs.  George  W.  Dobbin  and  John  H.  B.  Latrobe,  the  sur- 
viving members  of  that  Faculty,  who  elected  as  their  colleagues  Messrs. 
George  William  Brown,  Bernard  Carter,  H.  Clay  Dallam  and  John 
P.  Poe.  The  first  course  of  lectures  was  begun  February  ist,  1870, 
in  the  Mulberry  street  building,  by  Professors  Robert  N.  Martin  and 
John  A.  Inglis.  The  school  continued  to  be  conducted  at  this  place 
until  the  opening  of  Cathedral  street  necessitated  different  arrange- 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  I35 

ments.  By  the  sale  of  the  Mulberry  street  property  to  the  city  a 
sufficient  sum  of  money  was  raised  for  the  erection  of  a  building  at 
the  southeast  corner  of  the  college  lot  on  Lombard  street,  which  was 
formally  opened  February  28th,  1884.  It  is  a  plain  but  substantial 
brick  structure,  containing  a  lecture-room  and  library.  The  present 
Law  Faculty  consists  of  seven  professors  and  assistant  professors,  viz  : 
Messrs.  John  P.  Foe,  Richard  M.  Venable,  Thomas  W.  Hall,  Edgar 
H.  Gans  and  Wm.  T.  Brantley,  and  Judges  Charles  E.  Phelps  and 
Henry  D.  Harlan.  The  course  is  designed  to  extend  through  three 
years  of  eight  months  each,  but  the  present  arrangements  allow  of 
graduation  in  a  shorter  period  for  those  who  can  pass  the  examina- 
tions, which  are  held  semi-annually.  During  the  session  of  1889-90 
there  were  99  students  in  attendance,  of  whom  28  received  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Laws.'  The  total  number  of  graduates  in  this  depart- 
ment from  1869  to  1890,  inclusive,  is  448.  Two  prizes  are  conferred 
annually  of  $100  each  upon  the  students  attaining  the  highest  grade 
in  examinations  and  submitting  the  best  thesis,  respectively.  There 
are  four  general  examinations  held,  and  an  average  of  75  out  of  a 
possible  100  is  required  for  graduation. 

John  Pendleton  Kennedy,  author,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Oct.  25th,  1795. 
Graduated  at  Baltimore  College  1812,  fought  at  Bladensburg  and  North  Point; 
admitted  to  the  bar  1816.  Member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  1820-22. 
Member  of  Congress  1838-44.  Member  of  House  of  Delegates  and  Speaker 
1846.  Provost  of  the  University  1850-70.  Secretary  of  Navy  1852.  Visited 
Europe  several  times  and  was  U.  S.  Commissioner  to  the  Paris  Exhibition 
1S67.  Died  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  Aug.  i8th,  1870.  Received  the  degree  of 
LL.  D.  from  Harvard  University  1863.  He  was  the  author  of  the  following 
novels:  Swallow  Barn,  a  story  of  rural  life  in  Virginia  (1832);  Horseshoe 
Robinsott,  a  Tale  of  the  Tory  Ascendeticy  (1835),  and  Rob  of  the  Bowl,  a 
Legend  of  St.  Inigoes  (1838),  describing  the  province  of  Maryland  in  the  days 
of  the  second  Lord  Baltimore.  He  also  wrote,  at  Thackeray's  request,  the 
fourth  chapter  of  the  second  volume  of  The  Virginians,  A  uniform  edition 
of  his  entire  works  appeared  in  ten  volumes  in  1S70  (see  Appleton''s  Cyclo- 
pcedia  of  American  Biography'). 

"  A  summer  school  of  specialties,"  lasting  ten  weeks,  was  adver- 
tised to  commence  in  March,  1870,  under  Professors  Aikin,  Johnston, 
Donaldson,  Howard,  Chisolm  and  Miles. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  beneficiary  students  are  first  noticed  in 
the  catalogues.  The  Legislature  had  been  induced  in  1868  to  make 
an  appropriation  of  5(52500  a  year  for  four  years  on  condition  that  a 

1  There  were  8  failures. 


136  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

certain  number  of  patients  should  be  treated  and  a  certain  number  of 
students  educated  free.'  In  accordance  with  this  arrangement  one 
student  was  entitled  to  be  received  from  each  senatorial  district  of 
the  state  upon  the  certificate  of  the  state  senator  thereof,  on  payment 
of  matriculation,  practical  anatomy  and  graduation  fees  only. 

In  1870  the  students'  building,  adjoining  the  Infirmary  on  Lom- 
bard street  and  capable  of  accommodating  twenty-four  students, 
was  erected.  Previous  to  this  the  resident  students  had  had  accom- 
modations in  the  Infirmary  building. 

In  1873  Prof.  Chisolm's  chair  was  limited  to  Diseases  of  the  Eye 
and  Ear,  and  Dr.  Alan  P.  Smith  was  elected  Professor  of  Operative 
Surgery.  Announcements  were  now  made  that  "poor  women  were 
attended  at  their  homes  by  the  Dispensary  physician,"  and  that  "  a 
skilled  dentist"  was  in  constant  attendance  at  the  Dispensary  and 
instructed  the  students  in  drawing  teeth." 

In  1874  a  five-months  course  was  announced,  and  "  an  obstetrical 
department  was  about  to  be  opened  in  a  building  adjoining  the  hos- 
pital." This  was  the  large  three-story  wing  on  Greene  street, 
erected  and  furnished  with  an  appropriation  of  $30,000  made  by  the 
Legislature,  April  nth,  1874,  conditional  upon  the  free  education  of 
state  students.  Practical  instruction  was  here  instituted  in  obstetrics 
and  in  the  management  of  the  puerperal  condition.^ 

Alan  Pennington  Smith,  a  younger  son  of  Professor  Nathan  R.  Smith, 
was  born  in  Baltimore,  Feb.  3,  1840.  He  received  private  tuition  and  then 
began  the  study  of  medicine  under  the  direction  of  his  father.  He  obtained 
his  medical  degree  at  the  University  of  Maryland  in  1861.  In  1867  and  1868 
he  was  Adjunct  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University.  In  1869  he  was 
appointed  Professor  of  Venereal  Diseases,  but  withdrew  before  the  com- 
mencement of  the  session.  In  1873-4  he  held  the  chair  of  Operative  Surgery. 
Since  that  period  he  has  withdrawn  from  teaching  and  devoted  himself 
entirely  to  a  very  large  practice.  Ur.  Smith  is  better  known  for  his  skill  with 
the  knife  than  facility  in  the  use  of  the  pen.  Yet  he  has  contributed  several 
articles,  one  of  the  most  valuable  being  a  Report  of  52  Successful  Cases  of 
Lithotomy ,  1878.  He  is  one  of  the  Trustees  and  a  Consulting  Surgeon  of  the 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

About  this  time,  for  some  reason,  there  was  a  great  diminution  in 

'  A  similar  appropriation  was  made  to  Washington  University.  Afterwards 
the  beneficiary  system  was  extended  to  the  entire  South. 

2  Dr.  W.  T.  Arnold. 

2  Prior  to  this  such  cases  had  been  admitted  to  the  female  wards  and  to  the 
private  rooms. 


y.  EDWIN  MICIIAEI.,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 
Professo7-  of  Obstetrics. 


LIBRARY 
.^J^/ty  of  ^\-j^'^'^^ 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  137 

the  size  of  the  classes.  In  1867  there  were  188  students  in  attend- 
ance ;  the  number  rapidly  decreased  to  114  in  1869-70,  then  sud- 
denly rose  the  next  session  to  172,  again  fell  to  114  in  1872-3,  to  108 
in  1873-4,  III  in  1874-5,  and  109  in  1875-6.  After  this  there  was  a 
gradual  increase  to  nearly  300. 

The  addition  of  the  new  wing  greatly  increased  the  clinical  facil- 
ities of  the  University.  It  was  now  claimed  that  the  Infirmary  had 
double  the  capacity  of  any  similar  institution  in  Baltimore.  The 
resident  students  particularly  profited  by  this  increase  of  advantages. 
In  addition  to  the  Lying-in  Department,  which  has  been  already 
spoken  of,  a  department  for  Diseases  of  Children  was  also  estab- 
lished by  the  transfer  of  the  inmates  of  St.  Andrew's  Home  for  Chil- 
dren to  the  Infirmary. 

In  1876  a  "beneficiary  system  "  was  formally  announced,  students 
who  were  admitted  to  this  privilege  obtaining  the  tickets  of  the  pro- 
fessors for  $35,  making  the  fees  for  the  first  course  $50,  and  for 
graduates  $70.  A  number  of  scholarships  were  also  annually  be- 
stowed upon  students  unable  to  pay  full  rates,  the  cost  of  which  was 
$60  each.  The  adoption  of  these  innovations  was  attributable  to  the 
sharp  competition  between  the  three  medical  schools  then  existing 
here  for  the  patronage  of  students.^ 

In  1S77  the  graduation  fee  was  raised  from  $20  to  I30.  In  the 
same  year  Professor  N.  R.  Smith's  name,  which  had  been  missing 
since  1870,  again  appeared  in  the  catalogue  as  "  Emeritus  Professor 
of  Surgery  and  President  of  the  Faculty." 

Nathan  Ryno  Smith^  was  born  in  Cornish,  New  Hampshire,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Connecticut,  May  21st,  1797.  He  was  the  son  of  the  distinguished 
surgeon,  Nathan  Smith,  who  founded  the  medical  schools  at  Dartmouth  and 
Yale.  He  entered  Yale  College  in  1813  and  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  at 
that  institution  in  1817.  He  then  spent  about  a  year  and  a  half  as  tutor  in  the 
family  of  Mr.  Thomas  Turner,  of  "Kinloch,"  Fauquier  Co.,  Va.^     He  here 

^  Washington  University,  after  being  suspended  in  1851-52,  had  been  revived 
in  1867  by  Warren  and  others,  who,  in  1872,  also  founded  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons.  The  former  proving  the  weaker  had  been  merged 
with  the  latter  in  1877. 

-Ryno  is  the  name  of  a  hero  in  the  Poems  of  Ossiaii,  and  it  is  said  to  have 
been  given  to  Ur.  Smith  by  his  mother,  with  whom  Ossian  was  a  favorite 
author. 

^This  gentleman  was  a  great-uncle  of  the  writer  of  this  sketch.  He  was 
deeply  beloved  and  revered  by  a  large  circle  of  relations  on  account  of  his 
amiability  and  purity  of  character.  Prof.  S.  seemed  to  have  very  agreeable 
recollections  of  his  life  at  "Kinloch." 


138  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

first  imbibed  that  attachment  for  the  South  which  was  manifested  through  all 
his  subsequent  life.  On  returning  from  Virginia  he  began  the  study  of 
medicine  at  Yale  College,  receiving  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  there 
in  1S23.  He  began  practice  in  Burlington,  Vermont,  in  1824.  The  following 
year,  with  the  aid  of  his  father,  who  spent  some  weeks  there  for  the  purpose, 
he  organized  at  Burlington  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Ver- 
mont, of  which  he  was  appointed  the  first  professor  of  surgery  and  anatomy. 
The  winter  of  1825-26  he  spent  in  Philadelphia,  pursuing  his  studies  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  While  here  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Dr. 
George  McClellan,  who,  with  others,  was  then  laying  the  foundation  of  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College.  So  impressed  were  M,  and  his  colleagues  with  Dr. 
Smith  that  they  invited  the  latter  to  join  with  them.  Dr.  Smith  accepted  the 
offer  and  did  not  return  to  New  England.  He  held  the  chair  in  Philadelphia 
for  two  sessions.  Among  his  pupils  there  were  Samuel  D. 'Gross  and  Wash- 
ington L.  Atlee.  In  1827  a  vacancy  in  the  chair  of  Surgery  in  the  University 
of  Maryland  occurred  through  the  resignation  of  Granville  Sharp  Patti- 
son ;  Dr.  Smith  was  elected  to  fill  it  and  soon  assumed  the  leadership  in 
the  field  of  surgery  in  Baltimore.  In  1830  he  began  the  publication  of  the 
Baltimore  Monthly  Journal,  a  medical  periodical,  which  survived  for  one  year. 
In  1838  he  was  offered  the  chair  of  Practice  of  Medicine  in  Transylvania 
University,  at  Lexington,  Kentucky.  This  was  during  the  suit  of  the 
Regents  vs.  Trustees,  and  the  Regents'  school  to  which  he  belonged  was  then 
at  a  very  low  ebb  and  its  existence  altogether  problematical.  He  therefore 
accepted  the  offer  and  held  the  position  for  three  sessions.  During  this 
period  he  journeyed  West  every  fall,  returning  at  the  close  of  the  session  to 
Baltimore,  which  continued  to  be  his  home.  In  1840  he  resumed  his  surgical 
duties  in  the  University  with  the  title  of  Lecturer,  and  in  the  following  year 
resigned  his  Western  chair  and  assumed  the  full  professorship  again  in  Balti- 
more, In  1867  he  made  his  only  visit  to  Europe.  He  visited  many  of  the 
European  hospitals  and  received  distinguished  attentions  from  the  leading 
surgeons  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Continent.  On  his  return  in  October  of  the 
same  year  he  received  a  grand  ovation  from  the  profession  of  Baltimore. 
Painful  disease  and  the  infirmities  of  age  began  now  to  oppress  him  and  he 
was  compelled  to  devote  less  attention  to  his  professional  work,  but  he  did  not 
withdraw  entirely  from  practice  until  the  last  few  months  before  his  death. 
He  was  not  idle  during  this  period  of  weakness  and  suffering.  He  attended 
to  office  practice.  He  wrote  part  of  a  work  on  surgery,  which,  however,  he 
never  completed.  He  reviewed  with  pleasure  his  favorite  classics.  Religion 
occupied  much  of  his  thoughts  and  he  found  comfort  and  support  in  its  hope 
and  promises.  His  connection  with  the  University  after  1869,  when  he  had 
resigned  his  chair,  had  been  a  merely  nominal  one.  He  was  first  President  of 
the  Faculty  and  Professor  of  the  Skeleton  and  Clinical  Surgery.  In  1870  he 
resigned  this  office  and  thenceforth  his  position  was  only  an  emeritus  one. 
His  death  occurred  July  3d,  1877,  Prof,  S,  C.  Chew  has  drawn  a  truthful  and 
eloquent  portraiture  of  Prof.  Smith,  from  which  I  shall  take  the  following 
extracts.     He  says  :  "  He  was  a  clear  and  perspicuous  teacher,  a  beneficent 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  139 

and  successful  surgeon  and  physician,  a  most  kind  and  considerate  friend. 
Who  can  ever  forget  the  courteous  deference  which  he  always  showed  for  the 
opinions  even  of  his  juniors,  his  readiness  to  aid  them  in  bearing  their 
burdens,  or  that  rare  diagnostic  skill  with  which  he  seemed  to  reach  his  con- 
clusions almost  by  intuition  ?  The  qualities  by  which  he  won  his  professional 
position  were  great  acuteness  and  perception,  an  extraordinary  power  of  adap- 
tation to  circumstances  as  they  might  arise,  promptness  of  action  which  sees 
what  is  needed  to  be  done  and  straightway  does  it,  and  above  all  indomitable, 
untiring  industry."  "  He  had  industry  enough  to  succeed  without  talents  and 
talents  enough  to  succeed  without  industry."  "And  yet  with  his  great  gifts 
there  was  about  him  a  remarkable  simplicity  of  character  and  a  transparent 
ingenuousness  which  was  as  incapable  of  affectation  as  of  falsehood. "  "  In  your 
mind's  eye  you  can  see  him  in  the  amphitheatre,  in  the  attitude  of  dignity  and 
command  which  always  belonged  to  him.'  As  he  illustrates  and  enforces  his 
teaching  he  points  to  the  diagrams  on  the  wall,  and  his  wand  must  always  be 
at  hand,  for  like  the  magician's  divining  rod  it  seems  to  have  some  mystic 
connection  with  the  exercise  of  his  powers.  Or  again  he  is  going  his  early 
morning  rounds  through  the  hospital  wards,  setting  in  clear  light  the  leading 
points  in  the  cases  before  him;  mingling  his  words  of  instruction  to  the 
students  with  those  of  kindliness  and  encouragement  to  the  sick,  and  often  of 
gentle  humor  if  the  patient  chances  to  be  a  child."  "  He  has  left  behind  him 
the  record  of  a  great  surgeon,  a  brave  and  true  citizen,  a  magnanimous  gentle- 
man. Full  of  years  and  full  of  honors  he  rests  from  a  life  of  arduous  and 
faithful  toil.  Peace  to  his  ashes  :  and  as  the  welfare  of  our  alma  mater  and 
the  interests  of  her  classes  were  dear  to  him,  so  in  her  halls  and  in  the  hearts 
of  all  her  alumni  may  his  name  and  his  memory  be  fragrant  and  fresh  forever." 
(^Address  commemorative  of  Nathan  Ryno  Smithy  M.  D.,  LL,  D.  By  S.  C.  Chew, 
M.  U.,  Baltimore,  1878.) 

Prof.  Smith  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Princeton  College,  1852. 
He  was  an  honorary  member  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia, 
and  he  was  President  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland 
from  1870  to  1872.  He  was  an  industrious  contributor  to  medical  literature. 
His  most  important  works  were :  Memoirs,  Medical  and  Surgical,  of  Dr. 
Nathan  Smith,  with  additions  by  the  Author,  Svo,  1831  ;  Surgical  Anatomy 
of  the  Arteries,  with  colored  plates,  ist  ed.  1830,  2d  1835,  quarto;  Frac- 
tures of  the  Lower  Extremity  and  Use  of  Suspensory  Apparatus,  1S67,  Svo. 
He  also  wrote  Legends  of  the  South,  by  Somebody  who  desires  to  be  considered 
Nobody,  1869,  i2mo.  Among  his  most  important  inventions  were  his  anterior 
splint  and  his  lithotome. 

About  this  time  there  was  a  spring  course  under  the  charge  of 
gentlemen  two  of  whom  have  since  become  members  of  the  Uni- 

•And  which  had  secured  for  him  among  his  pupils  the  popular  title  of 
"  Emperor." 


140  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

versity  Faculty.  It  was  designed  to  supplement  the  regular  course 
and  was  free  to  University  students.^ 

In  1878  it  was  stated  that  "about  1200  patients  had  been  received 
and  treated  in  the  wards  of  the  Infirmary  during  the  year  and  15,000 
patients  had  been  examined  and  prescribed  for  in  the  Dispensary 
department."" 

In  1879  that  part  of  the  Infirmary  on  Lombard  St.  was  thoroughly 
overhauled,  additional  private  rooms  were  provided,  and  the  Dis- 
pensary department  was  improved  to  adapt  it  better  to  the  uses  of 
the  large  patronage  which  it  had  secured  from  the  poor  and  the 
numerous  special  departments  into  which  it  had  developed.  There 
were  now  two  paid  physicians  in  the  institution  receiving  $6co  and 
$100  per  annum  respectively. 

In  1880  several  changes  were  made  in  the  Faculty.  Prof  Donald- 
son resigned  the  chair  of  Physiology,  retaining  only  his  Clinical  pro- 
fessorship. Prof  Miles  was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Physiology 
and  Dr.  J.  Edwin  Michael  was  promoted  to  the  Anatomical  chair. 
Dr.  I.  E.  Atkinson  was  made  Clinical  Professor  of  Dermatology. 

Frank  Donaldson  was  born  in  Baltimore  in  1S23.  He  attended  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Maryland,  obtaining  the  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1846.  From 
1846  to  1848  he  pursued  his  studies  in  the  hospitals  of  Paris,  and  in  the  latter 
year  settled  in  Baltimore.  He  held  professional  positions  in  the  Baltimore 
General  Dispensary,  the  Almshouse  asd  the  Marine  Hospital.  He  was  Pro- 
fessor of  Materia  Medica  in  the  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy  from  1863  to 
1866.  In  1866  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Hygiene  and 
Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Chest  in  the  University.  In 
1880  he  resigned  his  didactic  chair  and  in  1888  his  clinical  chair.  He  is  now 
Emeritus  Clinical  Professor.  Professor  Donaldson  has  paid  great  attention 
to  diseases  of  the  chest  and  throat  and  is  an  expert  in  physical  diagnosis.  He 
is  an  Hon.  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia.  He  was 
President  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1881-82.  He 
is  the  author  of  many  articles,  the  most  important  of  which  are  those  con- 
tributed to  Pepper''s  System  of  Medicine.  He  is  one  of  the  Consulting 
Physicians  to  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

In  this  year  (1880)  the  Alumni  Association  was  placed  upon  a 
permanent  footing,  which  circumstance  suggests  some  further  allu- 
sion to  the  organization.  The  first  attempt  to  organize  the  alumni 
appears  to  have  been  made  in  1844,  although  the  late  Dr.  E.  J. 
Chaisty  told  the  writer  that  he  delivered  an  address  on  "  The  Merit 

^  Those  in  charge  of  it  were  Drs.  Michael,  Morison,  McSherry,  Ashby,  Jay, 
Winslow  and  Coale. 
^  Catalogue. 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  I4I 

and  Dignity  of  the  Medical  Profession"  before  the  alumni  in  1842. 
The  movement  was  particularly  fostered  by  the  classes  of  1842  and 
1843.  Dr.  Miltenberger  (to  whom  the  author  is  indebted  for  these 
facts)  was  chosen  the  first  President,  and  delivered  an  address  having 
for  its  subject  the  Latin  motto:  "  Filius  sim  dignus,  ista  digna 
parente." '  Although  this  temporary  organization  did  not  survive 
longer  than  two  or  three  sessions,  we  preserve  a  memorial  of  it  in  the 
motto,  which  has  been  adopted  as  the  motto  of  our  present  Associa- 
tion. The  next  allusion  to  the  subject  is  in  1848,  when  there  were 
representatives  from  the  "Alumni  Association"  to  the  American 
Medical  Association,  which  met  that  year  in  Baltimore.  In  1874  an 
impromptu  association  was  formed  on  the  stage  of  Ford's  Opera  House 
after  the  conclusion  of  the  commencement  exercises.  Dr.  Richard 
Steuart  was  chosen  chairman  and  made  some  brief  remarks.  Meetings 
were  held  annually  after  that,  usually  on  the  evening  of  commence- 
ment day,  at  which  an  entertainment  was  provided  at  the  expense 
of  the  Faculty.  The  addresses  delivered  on  these  occasions  were 
by  the  venerable  Dr.  Robert  E.  Dorsey,  of  the  class  of  1819  (1875) ; 
Dr.  R.  S.  Steuart  (1876);  Dr.  W.  Chew  VanBibber  (1877);  Drs.  S. 
C.  Chew  and  J.  C.  Thomas  (1878) ;  and  Dr.  Frank  Donaldson  (1879). 
In  1880,  under  the  presidency  of  Prof.  Miltenberger,  the  necessity 
of  further  organization  was  decided  on  and  adjourned  meetings 
were  held  for  the  purpose  of  adopting  a  constitution  and  by-laws. 
There  was  much  enthusiasm  at  these  meetings  and  they  were  made 
interesting  by  several  circumstances:  by  addresses,  collations,  letters 
of  distinguished  alumni,  by  the  institution  of  prizes,  etc.  Those 
who  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  present  will  long  remember  the 
pleasure  afforded  by  these  meetings.  The  presidents  since  1S80 
have  been  Drs.  J.  R.  Ward,  C.  Johnston,  James  A.  Steuart,  D.  I. 
McKew,  Jas.  Carey  Thomas,  Henry  M.  Wilson,  Charles  O'Donovan, 
F.  Donaldson  and  N.  S.  Lincoln."  The  Association  has  during  this 
time  had  the  pleasure  of  entertaining  as  its  guests  and  annual  orators 
Drs.  Roberts  Bartholow  and  Nathan  S.  Lincoln.  Although  the 
organization  has  accomplished  little  so  far,  it  may  be  hoped  that 
some  good  may  result  to  the  University  from  its  existence.  The 
question  of  endowments — general  and  of  special  departments — should 
ever  be  kept  prominently  before  it,  and  the  alumni  should  not  be 
allowed  to  remain  oblivious  of  their  duty  in  these  respects.     Much 

'  The    writer    has    this    and  other  addresses  delivered  since,   upon  similar 
occasions,  in  his  keeping,  the  property  of  the  present  Association. 
'Prof.  C.  Johnston  was  President  1SS2  and  1SS7. 


142  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

may  be  done  by  an  active  and  influential  association,  both  through 
moral  influences  and  substantial  support,  to  stimulate,  encourage  and 
strengthen  the  eflbrts  of  those  who  for  the  time  being  direct  and 
control  the  destinies  of  the  institution. 

In  1 88 1  Professor  Atkinson,  in  addition  to  his  clinical  chair,  was 
made  Professor  of  Pathology.  Professor  C.  Johnston  resigned  the 
chair  of  Surgery  and  was  made  Emeritus  Professor,  the  vacancy 
being  filled  by  the  appointment  of  Professor  Tiffany. 

Christopher  Johnston  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Sept.  27th,  1822.  He  was 
educated  at  St.  Mary's  College  and  then  began  the  study  of  medicine  under 
Dr.  John  Buckler.  He  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  University  in 
1843.  He  was  for  a  time  at  the  Almshouse.  In  1844  he  visited  Europe, 
Some  years  after  he  was  associated  with  Urs.  Theobald,  Frick  and  Stewart  in 
the  Maryland  Medical  Institute,  a  preparatory  school  of  medicine.  In  1S55  and 
'56  he  was  a  "  Lecturer"  at  the  University  "  on  Experimental  Physiology  and 
Microscopy."  He  next  held  the  chair  of  Anatomy  in  the  Baltimore  Dental 
College.  In  1864  he  became  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  the 
University;  in  1869  he  became  Prof,  of  Surgery,  as  the  successor  of  Prof.  N. 
K.  Smith,  and  in  1S81  he  resigned  this  chair  and  was  appointed  Professor 
Emeritus.  Prof.  Johnston  early  showed  a  taste  for  the  more  scientific  parts  of 
his  profession.  He  devoted  himself  with  ardor  to  the  study  of  histology  and 
pathology  and  became  a  skillful  microscopist.  His  talents  and  acquirements 
as  an  artist  have  enabled  him  to  illustrate  his  articles  and  lectures  with  draw- 
ings of  his  own  execution.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Pathological 
and  Clinical  Societies,  and  besides  holding  similar  positions  in  the  local  socie- 
ties he  was  President  of  the  Maryland  Academy  of  Sciences  for  several  years 
and  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland  in  1876-7.  Pro- 
fessor Johnston  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  scientific  and  medical 
literature,  and  is  the  author  of  an  article  on  plastic  surgery  and  skin-grafting 
in  A'shhursfs  Encyclopcedia  of  Surgery  (\Z%\).  A  list  of  his  writings  to  date 
is  given  in  the  Catalogue  of  Scientific  Papers  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London, 
He  is  a  Consulting  Surgeon  to  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

The  Rev.  Edwin  A.  Dalrymple's  name,  of  the  "  Faculty  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,"  appeared  for  the  last  time  among  the  Regents  in  the 
catalogue  of  this  year.  Another  relic  of  former  times  had  also 
disappeared  after  1878  ;  this  was  Rev.  J.  G.  Hamner,  D.  D.,  of  the 
Faculty  of  Theology.  With  the  death  of  these  gentlemen  the 
departments  which  they  represented  were  left  without  incumbents 
and  therefore  ceased  what  had  long  been  a  mere  nominal  existence. 
The  department  of  Arts  and  Sciences  had  not  been  in  active  opera- 
tion since  shortly  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

In  1 88 1  the  session  was  lengthened  to  five  and  a  half  months. 

In  1882  the  Dental  Department  was  founded.     It  began  with  two 


FIFTH   PERIOD.  I43 

dental  chairs,  one  of  Principles  of  Dental  Science,  Dental  Surgery 
and  Mechanism,  the  other  of  Operative  and  Clinical  Dentistry. 
Ferdinand  J.  S.  Gorgas,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.,  and  James  H.  Harris, 
M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.,  former  members  of  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,  were  elected  to  fill  these  chairs  respectively.  Five  other 
chairs  belonging  to  this  department  are  held  by  members  of  the 
Medical  Faculty.*  The  first  announcement  recognizes  dentistry  as 
a  specialty  in  medicine,  and  hence  "  dentists  should  acquire  not  only 
a  dental  training,  but  also  should  be  educated  as  doctors  in  medi- 
cine." The  buildings  of  the  Dental  Department  consist  of  a  two- 
story  brick  building  erected  on  the  Greene-street  side  of  the  Uni- 
versity grounds  in  1882,  and  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  two  wings 
in  1884,  and  by  an  additional  extension  of  the  north  end  along  Cider 
Alley  in  1889.  This  is  known  as  the  Dental  Infirmary  and  Labora- 
tory. Practice  Hall  has  also  been  turned  over  to  this  department 
and  is  used  for  the  delivery  of  the  didactic  lectures.  The  success  of 
this  department  has  been  remarkable.  During  the  first  session  there 
were  66  students  and  34  graduates.  During  the  session  of  1889-90 
there  were  135  matriculates  and  44  graduates.  The  total  number  of 
graduates  to  date  is  318.  The  regular  session  is  five  months  long, 
and  there  is  a  spring  and  summer  session  occupying  the  seven  months 
between  the  regular  sessions  and  devoted  to  practical  instruction. 
A  teacher's  certificate,  a  diploma,  or  in  lieu  of  these  an  examination 
in  English  is  required  of  those  who  matriculate."'  For  graduation 
attendance  upon  two  winter  sessions  is  required  together  with  clinical 
instruction.^  In  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  National 
Association  of  Dental  Faculties  in  August,  1889,  and  by  the  Ameri- 
can Dental  Association  at  its  recent  meeting,  after  October  i,  1891, 
three  annual  sessions  will  be  required  before  graduation.* 

1  There  are  also  21  demonstrators  and  a  large  number  of  "  clinical  instruc- 
tors," consisting  of  eminent  dentists  throughout  the  country,  who  deliver 
clinical  lectures  at  the  College  from  time  to  time. 

2  Students  are  examined  at  the  end  of  the  junior  year  for  admission  to  the 
senior  class.  A  University  Prize  (gold  medal)  and  thirteen  other  prizes  are 
annually  awarded.         ' 

3  For  graduates  in  medicine  only  one  regular  session  is  required,  with  twelve 
months  continuous  clinical  work. 

"^  Nearly  every  state  now  has  a  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners,  who  con- 
trol the  dental  practice  throughout  the  country,  and  by  the  agency  of  these 
excellent  organizations,  which  work  together  through  a  "National  Association 
of  State  Dental  Examination  Boards,"  the  operation  of  the  new  regulations  is 
assured. 


144  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

In  1883  Professor  Aikin  resigned  and  was  appointed  Professor 
Emeritus.     He  was  succeeded  by  R.  Dorsey  Coale,  Ph.  D. 

William  E.  A.  Aikin  was  born  in  the  state  of  New  York  in  1807.  lie  was 
educated  at  the  Rensselaer  Institute  on  the  Hudson,  where  he  imbibed  from 
his  "  preceptor  in  science  "  that  love  of  scientific  pursuits  and  that  knowledge 
of  experimental  science  to  which  he  attributed  his  subsequent  success.  He 
does  not  appear  to  have  ever  attended  medical  lectures.  He  began  his  pro- 
fessional career,  like  the  vast  majority  of  medical  men  at  that  day,  as  a  licen- 
tiate, receiving  his  license  from  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society.  Soon 
after  commencing  practice  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the 
Vermont  Academy  of  Medicine.  His  career  as  a  practitioner  of  medicine  was 
very  brief.  A  distaste  for  the  drudgery  of  a  country  practice  co-operating 
with  his  early  predilections  for  natural  science  soon  determined  his  choice — 
to  abandon  medicine  and  become  a  teacher  of  science.  In  this  occupation  he 
continued,  laboriously  engaged,  for  nearly  half  a  century,  finding  it  as  con- 
genial at  the  close  as  when  he  began.  He  became  a  resident  of  Maryland  in 
1832.  He  first  became  connected  with  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity as  the  assistant  of  Prof.  Ducatel  in  1836.  In  October  of  the  following 
year,  while  engaged  in  a  geological  survey  of  Southwestern  Virginia,  he  was 
called  to  fill  the  chair  of  chemistry  in  the  Regents'  Faculty,  a  vacancy  having 
occurred  through  the  resignation  of  Prof.  Ducatel.  He  held  the  position 
until  1S83,  when  he  resigned  and  became  Emeritus  Professor,  with  an  annuity 
voted  to  him  by  the  Faculty.  His  death  was  sudden.  Having  retired  in  his 
usual  health  on  the  evening  of  May  30,  188S,  he  was  found  dead  in  bed  early 
on  the  following  morning.  Dr.  Aikin  was  a  man  of  very  striking  mien.  He 
was  six  feet  one  inch  in  height  and  weighed  over  200  pounds.  He  wore 
glasses  and  a  wig,  and  his  long  flowing  white  beard  gave  him  a  very  venerable 
appearance.  He  was  neat  in  his  dress  and  systematic  and  industrious  in  his 
habits.  His  knowledge  of  his  profession  was  extensive  and  exact,  and  he 
particularly  prided  himself  on  the  success  of  his  experiments.  An  indistinctness 
of  utterance  impaired  his  efficiency  as  a  lecturer.  He  was  a  strict  Catholic 
and  gave  liberally  to  the  charities  of  his  church.  He  retained  the  position  of 
"  City  Inspector  of  Gas  and  Illuminating  Oils"  to  the  time  of  his  death  and 
derived  a  considerable  addition  to  his  income  from  this  source.  In  addition 
to  his  chair  at  the  University  he  had  held  similar  positions  in  several  other 
institutions  in  Baltimore  and  adjacent  cities.  In  1843  he  received  the  degree 
of  LL.  U.  from  Georgetown  College.  Besides  public  lectures  he  wrote  several 
articles  in  medical  and  scientific  journals.  One  of  the  most  valuable  of  his 
productions  was  a  list  of  the  plants  of  Maryland,  published  in  the  Transac- 
tions of  the  Maryland  Academy  of  Science  and  Literature.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  and  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland. 
He  was  twice  Dean  of  the  Faculty,  viz.  from  1840-41  and  from  1844  to  1855. 
(See  Md.  Med.  Journal,  August  il,  1888.) 


ROBERT  DORSEV  COALE,  C.  E.,  Ph.D. 
Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Toxicology. 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  I45 

In  1886  Professor  S.  C  Chew  was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Prac- 
tice, made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Professor  McSherry,  and  Professor 
Atkinson  was  transferred  from  the  chair  of  Pathology  to  that  of 
Materia  Medica. 

Richard  McSherry,  the  son  of  a  physician  of  the  same  name,  was  born  in 
Martinsburg,  Va.,  Nov.  21st,  1817.  He  obtained  his  academic  education  at 
Geortretown  College  and  attended  medical  lectures  in  the  Universities  of  Mary- 
land and  Pennsylvania,  receiving  the  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  latter  institution 
in  1841.  During  the  first  ten  years  of  his  professional  life  he  held  commis- 
sions in  the  medical  corps  of  both  the  U.  S.  Army  and  Navy.  He  served  in 
the  Florida  War  under  General  Taylor  and  in  the  Mexican  War  under  General 
Scott,  and  travelled  very  extensively,  in  various  countries  and  climates,  acquir- 
ing a  large  experience,  both  professional  and  general.  Being  a  master  of  the 
Spanish  language  and  enjoying  peculiarly  good  opportunities  during  the  occu- 
pation of  Mexico  for  observing  the  habits  and  customs  of  the  Mexican  people, 
he  wrote  a  book  embodying  his  Mexican  experience,  entitled  //  Ficchero,  or 
a  Mixed  Disk  from  Mexico,  Phila.,  1850.  In  1851  he  resigned  his  commis- 
sion in  the  navy  and  entered  upon  practice  in  Baltimore.  His  practice  grew 
slowly  but  steadily.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  lecturer  on  Materia  Medica 
and  the  following  year  full  professor  of  the  same  in  the  University  of  Mary- 
land. He  was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Practice  during  the  session  of  1863-4 
as  the  successor  of  Prof.  Samuel  Chew.^  The  latter  he  held  until  his  death 
from  phthisis  pulmonalis,  Oct.  7,  18S5.  During  this  period  he  published  two 
works,  one  a  volume  of  Essays  and  Lectures  on  Various  Subjects,  Balto., 
1869,  the  other  entitled  Health,  and  how  to  Promote  it,  New  York,  ist  ed. 
1879,  2d  ed.  1883.  Dr.  McSherry  was  the  author  also  of  a  large  number  of 
lectures,  monographs  and  articles  in  the  medical  journals.  As  a  writer  his 
style  was  simple  but  vigorous.  He  wrote  good  English,  but  was  fond  of  apt 
classical  quotations.  His  knowledge  and  reading  were  extensive  and  encyclo- 
paedic. His  articles  were  practical  in  character  and  exhibited  close  observa- 
tion and  judicious  thinking.  As  a  teacher  he  was  safe  and  inclined  strongly 
to  conservatism.  His  language  was  perspicuous  and  sententious.  His  mind 
was  one  ever  open  for  the  reception  of  new  truths.  His  manners  were  quiet, 
unostentatious  and  grave.  He  had  a  genial  disposition,  which,  combined 
with  a  transparent  sincerity  and  the  strictest  conscientiousness,  secured  for  him 
the  affectionate  regard  and  esteem  of  his  associates  and  pupils.  He  was  par- 
ticularly polite  and  condescending  to  the  young  graduates.  He  was  a  strict 
Catholic,  but  his  religion  was  never  obtrusive.  Among  professional  honors 
which  Dr.  McSherry  has  held  are  those  of  first  president  of  the  Baltimore 
Academy  of  Medicine,  1877-79,  ^^^  president  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1883-4.  (See  memoir  by  Dr.  John  Morris,  Trans.  Med.  and  Chir. 
Faculty  of  Md.,  1886,  and  Md.  Med.  Journal,  Oct.  1SS5.) 

'  Jan.  I,  1864  is  the  date  of  election  of  Professors  McSherry,  C.  Johnston  and 
S.  C.  Chew. 


146  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

At  this  time  a  movement  was  set  on  foot  for  the  estabHshment  of 
a  "  Free  Lying-in  Hospital,"  which  was  consummated  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  University  the  following  year  (May,  1887),  This  is  under 
charge  of  the  Professor  and  Demonstrator  of  Obstetrics  and  two 
resident  physicians.  It  has  24  free  beds  and  is  in  a  flourishing  con- 
dition, being  assisted  by  an  unconditional  annual  appropriation  of 
$2500  by  the  Legislature  of  the  state.  During  the  three  years  end- 
ing May  ist,  1890,  there  were  308  cases  of  confinement  in  the 
hospital  besides  about  an  equal  number  in  the  out-patient  depart- 
ment.^ From  these  sources  the  students  of  the  graduating  class  are 
afforded  ample  opportunities  to  gain  practical  familiarity  with  this 
important  branch  before  entering  upon  professional  work. 

In  1888  an  improvement  in  the  seating  arrangements  at  the  Uni- 
versity was  introduced  which  has  added  immensely  to  the  comfort 
of  the  students.  This  was  the  introduction  into  the  lecture  rooms  of 
patent  folding-back  chairs.  Former  students,  who  used  to  sit  for 
hours  together  upon  the  hard  benches  and  usually  perched  upon 
the  backs  of  them,  will  envy  their  successors  when  they  learn  how 
much  better  the  latter  are  being  provided  for  in  this  respect." 

George  Warner  Miltenberger  was  born  in  Baltimore,  March  17th,  18 19. 
He  was  educated  at  Boisseau  Academy,  Baltimore,  and  at  the  University  of 
Virginia.  He  obtained  the  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  University  of  Maryland 
in  1840  and  was  immediately  elected  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy.  In  1847  the 
duties  of  lecturer  on  Pathological  Anatomy  were  added  to  those  of  Demon- 
strator. In  the  same  year  he  became  one  of  the  attending  surgeons  to  the 
Baltimore  Infirmary,  and  in  1849  an  attending  physician  to  the  Baltimore 
City  and  County  Almshouse.  In  1852  he  succeeded  Prof.  Chew  in  the 
chair  of  Materia  Medica  (his  title  embracing  also  Pathological  Anatomy),  and 
in  1858  was  called  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  chair  of  Obstetrics  occasioned  by 
the  resignation  of  Prof.  Thomas.  After  an  incumbency  in  this  position  of  32 
years  he  has  just  retired  (April,  1890),  having  completed  his  half-century  of 
service  as  a  member  of  the  Faculty.  Few  of  the  profession  have  devoted 
themselves  with  more  self-sacrifice  to  their  vocation  than  Professor  Milten- 
berger. Until  within  the  past  few  years  he  had  probably  the  largest  practice  of 
any  physician  who  has  ever  lived  in  Baltimore.  He  enjoys  the  entire,  confidence 
of  the  profession  in  his  department  and  is  a  fluent  and  agreeable  lecturer. 
He  was  President  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1S86-7, 
and  occupied  a  similar  office  in  the  Baltimore  Obstetrical  and  Gynecological 
Society,  1885-6.     He  is  a  consulting  physician  to  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

1  Report  of  Dr.  L.  E.  Neale,  Maryland  Med.  Jl.,  July  26th,  1S90. 

2  The  Dean  tells  me  that  a  prediction  which  was  made  at  the  time  that  these 
chairs  would  soon  be  broken  to  pieces  by  the  students  has  not  come  true,  but 
slight  damage  having  been  sustained  so  far. 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  I47 

Samuel  Clagett  Chew,  the  son  of  Professor  Samuel  Chew,  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  July  26th,  1837.  He  was  educated  at  Princeton  College,  New 
Jersey,  receiving  his  A.  B.  in  1856  and  A.  M.  in  1859.  He  graduated  in  medi- 
cine at  the  University  of  Maryland  in  1858.  On  the  death  of  his  father  and 
the  promotion  of  Prof.  McSherry  (1864)  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  Materia 
Medica  in  the  University.  He  visited  Europe  in  the  interests  of  the  Univer- 
sity the  same  year.  In  18S6  he  became  Professor  of  the  Principles  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine.  Prof.  Chew  inherits  the  literary  tastes  of  his  father  and 
writes  with  much  grace  and  elegance.  On  the  death  of  his  father  he  finished 
the  work  on  medical  education  which  the  latter  had  left  uncompleted.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  section  in  Pepper'' s  System  of  Medicine.  He  was  President  of 
the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland  in  1880-81.  He  is  a  con- 
sulting physician  to  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

William  T.  Howard  was  born  in  Virginia,  but  early  in  life  moved  to  North 
Carolina.  He  is  now  about  71  years  old.  He  attended  lectures  at  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  graduating  there  in  1S44.  For  a  time  he  was  a 
student  at  the  Baltimore  Almshouse.  He  then  settled  in  North  Carolina, 
where  he  continued  in  practice  until  after  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  moved 
to  Baltimore.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  lecturer  on  Auscultation  and  Percus- 
sion in  the  Summer  Faculty  of  the  University,  and  the  following  year  Pro- 
fessor of  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children.  In  1884  he  was  elected  President 
of  the  American  Gynecological  Association,  and  in  1886-7  held  a  similar  posi- 
tion in  the  Baltimore  Obstetrical  and  Gynecological  Society.  He  is  one  of 
the  physicians  of  the  "  Hospital  for  the  Women  of  Maryland,"  and  is  Con- 
sulting Surgeon  to  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital.  Prof.  Howard  is  a  clear  and 
forcible  teacher,  with  a  wonderfully  retentive  memory  and  holding  decided 
views  upon  medical  subjects.  He  is  still  an  indefatigable  scholar  and  has  a 
rich  clinical  experience.  Up  to  1SS9  he  had  performed  the  operation  of 
laparotomy  oftener  than  any  other  physician  in  the  state,  his  cases  then 
numbering  about  100.  He  is  the  author  of  various  lectures,  reports  and 
articles  in  the  medical  journals  of  a  practical  character. 

Julian  J.  Chisolm  was  born  in  Charleston,  S,  C,  1830,  and  obtained  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  Medical  College  in  that  city  in  1850.  He  continued 
his  studies  in  London  and  Paris  and  then  returned  to  Charleston  and  com- 
menced practice.  He  became  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Medical  College  of 
S.  C.  in  1858.  During  the  late  war  he  received  the  first  medical  appointment 
conferred  by  the  state  of  S.  C.  and  also  treated  the  first  wounded  in  that  war 
(at  Fort  Sumter).  He  resumed  his  chair  in  1S65,  and  in  iS6g  removed  to 
Baltimore  and  was  elected  Professor  of  Operative  Surgery  and  Clinical  Pro- 
fessor of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear  in  the  University  of  Maryland.  In  1873 
he  gave  up  the  former  department,  the  department  of  Eye  and  Ear  Diseases 
being  advanced  to  an  equal  rank  with  the  other  chairs  in  the  Faculty.  Dr. 
Chisolm  is  the  author  of  many  articles  and  reports  of  cases,  especially  in  his 
specialty.  He  is  a  forcible  and  ready  teacher  and  a  skillful  operator.  He  is 
the  senior  surgeon  of  the  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  one  of 
the  largest  and  best  appointed  institutions  of  the  kind  in  America,  and  also  its 


148  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

founder.  While  a  surgeon  in  the  C.  S.  A.  he  wrote  a  Mamtal  of  Military 
Surgery,  which  went  through  several  editions  and  was  the  text-book  of  the 
surgeons  of  the  Southern  Army.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Ophthalmological 
Section  of  the  International  Medical  Congress  of  1887. 

Francis  T.  Miles  was  born  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  about  63  years  ago.  He 
graduated  A.  B.  at  the  Charleston  College  and  obtained  his  medical  degree  at 
the  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina  in  1849.  -^^  then  became 
successively  Assistant  Demonstrator,  Demonstrator  and  Assistant  Professor 
of  Anatomy,  and  in  i860  full  Professor  of  Anatomy  as  successor  of  Professor 
Holbrook.  In  the  late  war  Prof.  Miles  entered  the  Confederate  service  as 
captain  of  infantry.  At  one  time  he  acted  as  major  and  had  charge  of  Fort 
Sumter  during  the  assault  upon  it  by  the  Federal  fieet.  He  was  shot  through 
the  thigh  in  one  of  the  engagements  around  Charleston.  On  his  recovery  he 
entered  the  medical  department  of  the  service  as  full  surgeon.  The  war  over, 
he  resumed  work  as  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Charleston  School.  He 
moved  from  Charleston  to  Baltimore  in  1868,  and  during  the  succeeding 
session  lectured  upon  Anatomy  in  the  Washington  University  Medical  School. 
In  1869  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Maryland, 
to  which  the  clinical  department  of  nervous  diseases  was  added.  In  1880  he 
was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Physiology.  He  was  the  first  to  teach  the 
subject  of  Nervous  Diseases  as  a  specialty  in  Baltimore,  and  also  the  first  to 
give  the  modern  views  relating  to  that  important  and  rapidly  developing 
department.  Professor  Miles  is  an  eloquent  and  attractive  lecturer.  He  was 
President  of  the  American  Neurological  Association  in  1880-81  and  is  now 
one  of  the  Consulting  Physicians  to  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital.  He  has 
contributed  articles  to  Pepper'' s  System  of  Medici7ie  and  to  various  medical 
journals.     He  has  twice  been  abroad. 

Severn  Teackle  Wallis,  lawyer,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Sept.  8th,  1816. 
Graduated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore,  1S32,  and  admitted  to  the  bar 
1837.  Visited  Spain  in  1847  ^i^d  again  in  1849,  the  second  visit  being  on  a 
special  mission  from  the  U.  S.  government.  Was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Delegates  of  Maryland  1861  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  proceedings  at 
Frederick.  Was  arrested  by  the  Federal  government  the  following  September 
and  imprisoned  in  various  forts  until  November,  1S62.  Has  been  Provost  of 
the  University  of  Maryland  since  1870.  Received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from 
St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  in  1878.  Mr.  Wallis  is  the  author  of  two  works 
upon  Spain  and  has  contributed  largely  to  newspaper  and  periodical  literature 
and  also  occasional  verses.  Several  of  his  addresses  have  been  published, 
the  best  known  being  those  on  George  Peabody  (1870)  and  Chief  Justice 
Taney  (1872).  He  is  also  a  distinguished  orator.  (See  Appleton's  Cyclopcedia 
of  A-merican  Biography.') 

Louis  McLane  Tiffany  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Oct.  loth,  1844.  He  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Cambridge,  England,  receiving  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  there  in  1866  and  later  the  degree  of  A.  M.  He  graduated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland  in  1868  and  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  the 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  I49 

following  year.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Operative  Surgery 
and  in  iSSo  of  Surgery.  He  is  an  ex-President  of  the  ]5altimore  Medical 
Association  and  Clinical  Society.  Prof.  Tiffany  has  contributed  valuable 
articles  on  surgical  subjects  to  the  American  Journal  of  Medical  Sciences  and 
other  journals  and  also  to  the  Trans,  of  the  Am.  Surg.  Assn.  and  the  Med. 
and  Chir.  Faculty  of  Md.  He  is  perhaps  best  known  among  surgeons  in 
connection  with  operations  upon  the  kidney  and  superior  maxilla.  He  is  a 
Consulting  Surgeon  to  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

J.  Edwin  Michael  was  born  in  Harford  Co.,  Md.,  May  13th,  1848.  He 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  1S71  and  at  the  University  of  Maryland  in 
1S73.  He  then  went  abroad,  studying  in  Wiirzburg  and  Vienna.  Returning 
he  began  practice  in  Baltimore.  He  was  elected  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in 
the  University  in  1S74  and  Professor  of  the  same  1880.  April,  1S90,  he  was 
transferred  to  the  chair  of  Obstetrics.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Sur- 
gical Association  and  an  ex-President  of  the  Clinical  Society  of  Maryland. 
His  contributions  have  been  chiefly  on  surgical  subjects.  He  is  a  ready 
speaker  and  has  delivered  popular  courses  of  lectures  on  Early  Aid  in 
Injuries  and  Accidents,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Hosp.  Relief  Association 
of  Md. 

Isaac  Edmondson  Atkinson  is  a  native  of  Baltimore.  He  was  born 
January  23d,  1S46.  He  was  educated  in  the  School  of  Letters  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland  and  took  his  medical  degree  in  the  School  of  Medicine  of  the 
same  in  1865.  He  held  positions  in  the  Baltimore  General  and  Special  Dis- 
pensaries. In  1879  ^^  w^s  elected  Clinical  Professor  of  Dermatology  in  the 
University,  to  which  was  added,  in  18S1,  Pathology.  In  1886  he  became  Pro- 
fessor of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics.  Professor  Atkinson  has  held 
office  as  President  in  the  Clinical  Society,  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
of  Md.  (1S87),  and  the  American  Dermatological  Society  (1887).  He  has  made 
numerous  contributions  to  medical  literature  and  is  one  of  the  authors  of 
Pepper'' s  System.  He  is  one  of  the  Consulting  Physicians  to  the  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital.     He  is  the  present  Dean  of  the  Faculty. 

Robert  Dorsey  Coale  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Sept.  13th,  1857.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Pennsylvania  Military  Academy,  where  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  Civil  Engineer,  1875.  He  was  the  first  student  to  enter  the  Johns 
Hopkins  University  on  its  opening  in  1S76,  was  appointed  a  P'ellow  in  the 
same  Oct.  1880,  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy,  June  18S1,  and 
during  the  two  following  years  was  Assistant  in  Chemistry.  In  1883  he  was 
appointed  Lecturer  on  Chemistry  at  the  University  of  Maryland  and  in  1884 
was  promoted  to  the  full  professorship.  His  most  important  contributions 
have  appeared  in  the  Publicatiojis  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University  and  the 
American  Che??tical  Journal.     He  is  the  Superintendent  of  the  Infirmary. 

John  Noland  Mackenzie,  who  represents  the  fourth  generation  of  physi- 
cians in  a  direct  line  of  descent,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Oct.  20th,  1853. 
Received  his  academic  and  medical  education  at  the  University  of  Virginia. 
Obtained  the   degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  University  of  Virginia  1S76,  and  at  the 


150  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

University  of  New  York  1877.  Was  Assistant  to  Medical  Staff  of  Bellevue 
Hospital  1877-8,  and  Resident  Physician  in  same  1878-9.  He  then  went 
abroad,  was  an  interne  of  the  Rotunda  Hospital,  Dublin,  chef-de-clinique 
under  Dr.  Morell  Mackenzie  at  the  Hospital  for  Diseases  of  the  Throat  and 
Chest,  Golden  Square,  London,  a  year  and  a  half,  was  private  pupil  of  Ziemssen 
and  Oertel  at  Munich,  and  then  spent  a  year  in  Vienna.  Returning  to  Balti- 
more he  began  practice  as  a  specialist  in  diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Nose. 
In  1882  he  became  an  Attending  Physician  of  the  Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and 
Throat  Charity  Hospital.  In  1S88  he  was  elected  Clinical  Professor  of  Dis- 
eases of  the  Throat  and  Nose  in  the  University  of  Maryland,  and  has  recently 
(1889)  been  put  in  charge  of  the  same  department  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hos- 
pital. Prof.  Mackenzie  was  President  of  the  American  Laryngological  Asso- 
ciation 1889-90  and  has  been  a  prolific  writer.  He  is  a  contributor  to  Wood''s 
Reference  Handbook  of  Medical  Sciences,  edited  by  Buck,  and  to  Keating'' s 
Cyclopcedia  of  Diseases  of  Children. 

This  brings  these  annals  down  to  date  and  a  few  details  will  now 
be  given  in  regard  to  the  present  condition  and  working  of  the 
institution. 

The  Board  of  Regents  is  constituted  at  present  as  follows : 

Hon.  Severn  Teackle  Wallis,  Provost. 

Hon.  George  W.  Dobbin. 

John  H.  B.  Latrobe,  Esq. 

Bernard  Carter,  Esq. 

Hon.  Charles  E.  Phelps. 

John  P.  Poe,  Esq. 

Richard  M.  Venable,  Esq. 

Thomas  W.  Hall,  Esq. 

Samuel  C.  Chew,  M.  D. 

William  T.  Howard,  M.  D. 

Julian  J.  Chisolm,  M.  D. 

Francis  T.  Miles,  M.  D. 

Louis  McLane  Tiffany,  M.  D. 

J.  Edwin  Michael,  M.  D. 

I.  Edmondson  Atkinson,  M.  D. 

R.  Dorsey  Coale,  Ph.  D. 

F.  J.  S.  Gorgas,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S. 

Jas.  H.  Harris,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S. 

There  are  no  representatives  on  the  Board  of  the  defunct  depart- 
ments of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  Divinity. 

The  Faculty  of  Physic  consists  of: 

George  W.  Miltenberger,  M.  D.,  Emeritus  Professor  of  Obstetrics 
and  Honorary  President  of  the  Faculty. 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  I5I 

Christopher  Johnston,  M.  D.,  Emeritus  Professor  of  Surgery. 

Samuel  C.  Chew,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Principles  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine  and  Hygiene. 

Frank  Donaldson,  M.  D.,  Emeritus  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases 
of  the  Throat  and  Chest. 

William  T.  Howard,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Women  and 
Children  and  Clinical  Medicine. 

Julian  J.  Chisolm,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and 
Ear. 

Francis  T.  Miles,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Clinical  Pro- 
fessor of  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System. 

Louis  McLane  Tiffany,  A.  M.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Surgery. 

J.  Edwin  Michael,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Obstetrics. 

I.  Edmondson  Atkinson,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and 
Therapeutics,  Clinical  Medicine  and  Dermatology. 

R.  Dorsey  Coale,  C.  E.,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Toxi- 
cology. 

John  Noland  Mackenzie,  M.  D.,  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of 
the  Throat  and  Nose. 

The  chair  of  Anatomy,  rendered  vacant  by  the  transfer  of  Prof. 
Michael,  will  be  filled  temporarily  by  Professors  Miles  and  Michael. 

There  are  five  Lecturers,  six  Demonstrators  and  three  Prosectors. 
The  present  session  (the  84th)  commenced  on  the  ist  of  October, 
1890,  and  will  terminate  about  the  15th  of  April,  1891,  a  period  of  6J 
months.  Clinical  lectures  introductory  to  the  course  are  given  by 
the  Professors  during  the  month  of  September.  The  clinics  are  con- 
tinued daily  during  the  year  in  both  Hospital  and  Dispensary.  The 
latter,  under  charge  of  Drs.  Henry  B.  Thomas  and  George  E.  Sill- 
jacks,  is  located  in  the  Infirmary  building,  with  an  entrance  on 
Greene  street.  Nine  specialties  are  represented  in  it  by  eleven 
Chiefs  of  Clinic,  for  whose  use  separate  departments  are  provided. 
During  the  year  1889-90  27,699  visits  were  made  by  patients  to  the 
Dispensary. 

The  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital,  one  of 
the  largest  and  most  completely  equipped  special  hospitals  in  the 
country,  is  under  the  charge  of  Professor  Chisolm  and  offers  excep- 
tional facilities  for  the  study  of  this  specialty.  During  the  past  year 
30,524  visits  were  paid  to  this  institution  and  1564  operations  were 
performed.  The  Dispensary  is  open  daily  to  students  of  the  Uni- 
versity, without  charge,  from  i  to  4  P.  M.  The  Bay  View  Hospital, 
with  its  1250  beds,  250  of  which  belong  to  the  Insane  Department, 


152  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

is  also  accessible  to  the  students,  and  members  of  the  Faculty  and 
Clinical  Lecturers  attend  and  give  clinical  instruction  regularly  to 
those  who  avail  themselves  of  the  ample  opportunities  there  afforded. 
The  dead-house  also  furnishes  a  great  abundance  and  variety  of 
pathological  material  which  is  availed  of  by  the  Lecturer  on  Path- 
ology. Graduates  may  become  resident  students  in  the  Hospital 
by  paying  a  moderate  price  for  board  and  lodging. 

The  dental  clinics  which  are  held  in  the  Dental  Infirmary  from 
2  to  5  P.  M.  daily  offer  opportunities  for  medical  students  to  famil- 
iarize themselves  with  dental  operations,  knowledge  highly  desirable 
for  the  country  practitioner. 

The  Infirmary  or  University  Hospital  has  a  capacity  of  150-200 
beds  and  occupies  the  corner  of  Lombard  and  Greene  streets, 
extending  some  distance  on  both,  west  and  south.  The  domestic 
affairs  of  the  house  are  under  charge  of  a  corps  of  trained  nurses, 
at  whose  head  is  Miss  Parsons,  formerly  of  St.  Thomas'  Hospital, 
London,  and  more  lately  Assistant  Superintendent  of  the  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital.  During  last  session  a  Training  School  for  Nurses 
was  instituted  at  the  Infirmary  by  this  lady,  assisted  by  members 
of  the  Faculty.  The  curriculum  extends  over  two  years.  A  large 
addition  has  recently  (summer  of  1890)  been  constructed  in  the  rear 
of  the  chapel  for  the  accommodation  of  this  department.' 

The  clinical  amphitheatre  is  situated  in  this  building.  There  are 
two  salaried  resident  physicians  and  24  clinical  assistants,  who  pay 
$112  per  annum  for  lodging,  light  and  fuel.  The  assistants  reside  in 
a  building  adjoining  the  hospital  on  Lombard  street,  especially 
erected  for  their  accommodation.  The  Infirmary  receives  the  sick 
foreign  seamen  and  immigrants  who  arrive  in  port  and  thus  gives 
the  students  opportunities  to  observe  diseases  of  foreign  countries 
and  other  climates.  The  city  also  supports  25  beds  in  the  hospital 
for  the  use  of  its  poor.  The  clinical  study  of  Obstetrics  (as  stated 
above)  is  amply  provided  for  in  the  in-  and  out-door  departments  of 
the  Free  Lying-in  Hospital,  where  instruction  is  thoroughly  and 
systematically  given  by  the  Demonstrator  of  Obstetrics. 

The  facilities  for  practical  instruction  are  being  constantly  devel- 
oped to  meet  the  higher  demands  of  the  day.  The  advantages 
afforded  by  a  sister  institution  for  laboratory  instruction  in  Chemistry 

1  The  Sisters  of  Mercy  who  left  at  the  close  of  1889  had  been  in  charge  for 
eight  years  ;  previous  to  that,  with  the  exception  of  a  year  or  so  of  lay  nursing, 
the  Sisters  of  Charity  had  always  directed  the  domestic  affairs  of  the  institution. 


JOHN  NO  LAND  MA  CKENZfE,  M.  D. 

Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  t lie  Nose 

and  Throat. 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  I53 

and  Physiology  are  recognized  in  this  community,  and  many  of  the 
students  at  the  University  of  Maryland  have  availed  themselves  of 
them  before  entering  upon  the  medical  course.  There  is  no  com- 
pulsory laboratory  course  in  Chemistry,  but  the  Chemical  Labora- 
tory of  the  University  is  open  daily  for  the  use  of  such  students  as 
wish  to  take  special  courses  in  chemical  manipulation  under  the 
Demonstrator  of  Chemistry.  Courses  of  laboratory  instruction, 
including  the  simpler  operations  of  chemical  analysis,  chemical  exam- 
ination of  urine,  etc.,  are  also  given  to  undergraduate  students  free 
of  charge  for  three  months  after  the  close  of  the  regular  session. 

Pathological  Anatomy  is  taught  practically  in  weekly  demonstra- 
tions by  Dr.  Mitchell,  who  finds  an  abundance  of  material  in  the 
dead-houses  of  the  Infirmary  and  Bay  View  Hospital.  The  dis- 
secting rooms  are  open  daily  till  10  P.  M.  under  the  three  demon- 
strators.    There  is  no  charge  for  material,  which  is  abundant. 

The  following  are  the  fees  for  the  course : 

Attendance  on  Lectures,    .         .         .         .  $120  00 

Practical  Anatomy,    .....  10  00 

Matriculation  Fee,     .         .         .         .         .  5  00 

Graduation  Fee,         .....  30  00 

Thus  the  fees  for  two  sessions,  including  graduation,  would  be  $300. 

A  number  of  scholarships  are  bestowed  annually  upon  students 
unable  to  pay  full  rates.  The  holders  of  these  scholarships  pay  $70 
for  attendance  on  the  lectures  (instead  of  $120).  Students  who  have 
attended  two  sessions  in  other  schools  and  recent  graduates  of  other 
schools  are  admitted  on  paying  the  matriculation  fee  and  $60  per 
annum.  For  graduates  of  the  University  there  is  no  charge  for  sub- 
sequent attendance.  The  expense  of  living  in  Baltimore,  including 
fuel  and  lights,  is  from  $3  to  $6  per  week. 

As  yet  only  two  sessions  are  required  for  graduation,  but  the  Fac- 
ulty strongly  recommend  the  three-year  graded  course,  and  during 
the  session  of  1888-9  7°  students  took  the  latter,  or  over  one-half  of 
the  number  of  candidates  for  graduation.  As  an  encouragement  to 
students  to  follow  the  longer  course,  fees  for  lectures  are  not  required 
after  the  second  course.  The  regulations  require  the  matriculation 
tickets  to  be  signed  by  the  Professors  and  countersigned  by  the 
Dean  at  the  end  of  the  session.  Practical  anatomy  and  attendance 
upon  all  clinical  lectures  is  obligatory. 

The  following  are  the  prizes  and  prizemen  for  1890  : 


154  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

University  Prize  (Gold  Medal):  J.  Frank  Crouch,  Md.,  A.  D. 
McConachie,  Canada. 

Miltenberg'er  Prize  (Case  of  Obstetric  Instruments)  :  Wm.  Little- 
ton Robins,  Md. 

Chisolm  Prize  (Ophthalmoscope) :  W.  S.  Roose,  Jr.,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

Tiffany  Prize  (Instruments) :  Ch?rles  Budwood  Hargrove,  N.  C, 
Arthur  Howard  Mann,  Jr.,  Md. 

McKew  Memorial  Prize  (Gold  Medal) :  Arthur  D.  Mansfield,  Md. 

The  number  of  medical  matriculates  at  the  last  session  of  the 
University  was  263  and  the  number  of  graduates  81.  The  total 
number  of  students  attending  the  three  departments  now  in  operation, 
Medical,  Law  and  Dental,  during  the  session  of  1889-90,  was  497. 
According  to  the  requirements  adopted  last  year  a  general  average 
of  65  per  cent,  and  at  least  33  per  cent,  on  each  branch  are  now 
necessary  for  graduation. 

As  the  result  of  this  elevation  of  the  standard  the  rejections  at  the 
recent  examinations  (April,  1890)  reached  the  unprecedented  number 
of  23,  whilst  3  others  withdrew  during  their  progress. 

The  students  have  two  societies,  one  of  long  standing,  the  "Rush 
Club,"  a  secret  organization,  and  one  recently  organized,  the 
"Anatomical  Society";  the  latter  has  a  small  museum  in  one  of  the 
rooms  in  Practice  Hall. 

The  financial  condition  of  the  University  is  good.  With  the 
exception  of  a  portion  of  the  Infirmary  lot,  on  which  there  is  a 
ground  rent  of  $200,  the  property  is  owned  in  fee-simple.  The 
Dental  buildings  have  all  been  paid  for,  and  but  a  small  balance 
remains  due  upon  the  Lying-in  Hospital.  The  Professors'  salaries 
have  recently  amounted  to  $1700  net  for  those  in  the  medical  school 
alone  and  $2500  net  for  those  holding  appointments  in  both  medical 
and  dental  departments.  The  institution  possesses  no  endowment, 
but  several  years  since  a  reversionary  bequest,  estimated  at  the  time 
to  be  worth  about  $75,000,  was  left  to  it  by  a  deceased  alumnus  in 
California.  Should  his  widow,  who  has  a  life  interest  in  it,  die 
childless  it  reverts  to  the  University.  As  the  lady  in  question  is 
several  years  beyond  the  child-bearing  period,  the  prospects  of 
securing  this  bequest  seem  quite  favorable. 

Mr.  Emil  Runge  is  the  janitor  of  the  Medical  Department. 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  155 

In  reviewing  the  career  of  this  University  as  told  in  the  preceding 
pages — and  told  with  an  honest  endeavor  to  state  only  the  truth — 
there  is  doubtless  much  to  find  fault  with,  much  to  censure,  many 
sins  both  of  omission  and  commission.  While  admitting  this,  and 
even  leaving  the  question  in  doubt  as  to  which  side  of  the  scale  has 
the  preponderance,  the  author  does  not  propose  to  act  the  part  merely 
of  a  censorious  critic.  And  first  he  would  recall  the  difficulties 
which  beset  the  inception  of  the  enterprise — difficulties  which  can 
now  hardly  be  duly  estimated  and  are  not  to  be  compared  with  those 
which  are  encountered  by  newly  organized  institutions  of  the 
present  day — difficulties  connected  not  only  with  the  want  of  funds, 
but  also  with  the  absence  of  any  suitable  accommodations.  Baltimore 
was  then  but  a  small  place  comparatively,  and  from  the  account  the 
only  building  available  for  the  purposes  of  a  school  was  an  old  and 
dilapidated  schoolhouse,  not  even  affording  protection  from  the 
snow  and  rain,  and  in  which  two  of  the  professors  contracted  pleurisy, 
one  with  fatal  sequence.  And  of  the  subsequent  career,  what  a  large 
part  was  a  struggle  for  existence,  without  endowment  and  almost 
without  bequest,  and  although  helped  by  the  state,  how  much  also 
hindered  by  it !  Notwithstanding  their  early  discouragements  the 
founders  went  bravely  to  work,  and  as  an  evidence  of  the  earnestness 
of  their  purpose  and  the  breadth  of  their  design  erected  a  solid  and 
costly  building,  so  solid  and  durable,  that  it  still  serves,  almost  with- 
out change,  for  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  designed.  From  the  first 
they  insisted  upon  an  attendance  upon  two  annual  courses  of  lectures 
as  the  condition  for  obtaining  their  principal  degree,  in  this  setting  a 
precedent  for  some  other  schools  of  high  standing.  They  further 
successfully  instituted  lotteries  which  were  the  only  resource  for 
meeting  their  heavy  expenses ;  they  purchased  with  their  private 
means  a  library ;  they  procured  costly  apparatus  from  Europe ; 
later  they  effected  a  loan  and  erected  another  building  for  lecturing 
purposes  and  for  the  accommodation  of  the  splendid  anatomical 
and  pathological  collection  of  over  looo  specimens  which  they  had 
bought ;  early  recognizing  the  need  of  facilities  for  clinical  instruction, 
they  leased  ground  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  College  and 
erected  thereon  a  costly  hospital  (being  among  the  first,  at  least,  to 
do  this)  ;  they  encouraged  classical  learning  by  founding  a  gold  medal 
for  Latin  theses  and  in  other  ways.  Their  successors  continued  their 
policy;  they  introduced  hygiene  and  medical  jurisprudence  into  their 
curriculum  (1833);  they  endeavored  to  increase  the  opportunities  lor 
instruction  by  voluntarily  lengthening  their  course  to   six  months 


156  THE    UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

(1840)  ;  they  early  taught  auscultation  and  percussion  (1841)  ;  they 
instituted  lectures  on  pharmacy  (1844)  ;  they  gave  a  complete  course 
on  operative  surgery  ( 1 845)  and  pathology  ( 1 847)  ;  they  encouraged 
preparatory  medical  schools  ('4oies) ;  they  were  either  first  or  second 
to  enforce  dissection  (Trustees,  1833;  Faculty,  1848);  they  estab- 
lished compulsory  courses  in  experimental  physiology  and  microscopy 
(1854)  ;  they  were  among  the  first  to  introduce  the  study  of  specialties 
(1866),  and  first  to  make  an  independent  chair  of  diseases  of  women  and 
children  (1867);  they  established  a  successful  dental  school  (1882), 
a  Lying-in  Hospital  (1887),  and  a  Training  School  for  Nurses 
(1890).  There  has  been  no  break  in  the  instruction  here  given  in 
the  83  3'^ears  since  it  began,  and  the  usefulness  of  the  school  is  estab- 
lished by  unquestionable  proofs.  It  has  supplied  a  majority  of 
the  physicians  in  the  state  and  a  large  number  in  the  adjoining 
states.  It  has  always  been  noted  for  the  abundance  of  dissecting 
material,  Baltimore  excelling  most  places  in  this  particular,  and  for 
the  practical  character  of  its  teaching.  Its  students  have  access,  now, 
not  only  to  its  own  hospitals — special  and  general — but  also  to  one  of 
the  largest  and  best  appointed  Eye  and  Ear  Hospitals  in  America, 
and  to  the  rich  clinical  and  pathological  resources  at  Bay  View 
Hospital.  Connected  with  it  in  one  way  or  another  have  been  some 
of  the  most  eminent  men  in  the  state,  a  Chief  Justice  of  the  U.  S., 
statesmen,  judges,  bishops,  lawyers,  ministers,  orators,  scholars  and 
authors,  and  its  Faculties  have  always  contained  men  of  ability  and 
sometimes  of  renown.  Among  those  whom  the  author  would  name 
especially  as  shedding  lustre  upon  the  school  by  their  character, 
genius  and  acquirements,  are  the  revered  Davidge,  the  learned  Potter, 
eloquent  DeButts,  brilliant  Godman,  pugnacious  and  energetic  Pat- 
tison,  classical  Chew,  philosophic  Geddings,  imperial  Smith  ;  Gibson, 
the  surgeon,  Ducatel,  the  geologist  and  savant,  Dunglison  and  Bart- 
lett,  authors,  Roby,  the  model  anatomist,  Power,  the  model  clinician, 
Frick,  the  therapeutical  chemist  and  analyst,  and  Hammond,  the 
neurologist.  The  present  Faculty  are  in  every  way  worthy  to  be 
the  successors  of  these  distinguished  men,  and  in  their  hands  the 
institution  will  suffer  no  loss  of  prestige.  It  has  always  been  the 
policy  of  this  school  to  secure  the  best  men  that  were  available,  and 
hence  we  find  that  the  choice  has  not  been  confined  to  this  city  or  state. 
For  instance.  New  England  has  been  drawn  upon  for  Roby,  Wells 
and  Lincoln,  South  Carolina  for  Geddings,  Kentucky  for  Bartlett, 
Virginia  for  Dunglison,  Pennsylvania  for  Griffith,  Smith  and  Pattison, 
Scotland  for  Turnbull,  the  Army  for  Hammond.     This  is  as  it  should 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  157 

be,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  day  will  never  come  when  the 
Faculty  will  be  swayed  in  their  selection  of  their  successors  by  any 
other  motive  than  the  best  interests  of  the  University.  Finally,  in 
this  rapid  survey,  we  note  with  pleasure  the  good  financial  condi- 
tion of  the  institution  and  its  freedom  from  debt. 

But  the  most  vital  of  all  subjects  still  remains  untouched,  and  this 
Sketch  would  have  been  emphatically  incomplete  and  unsatisfactory 
to  all  true  friends  of  the  school  had  it  not  permitted  before  its  close,  at 
least,  the  announcement  of  the  adoption  at  the  University  of  those 
advanced  methods  which  the  rapid  progress  of  medical  science  has 
rendered  imperative  and  the  general  sentiment  of  the  profession  now 
urgently  demands.  Therefore  the  declaration  that  the  authorities 
of  the  University  have  determined  to  raise  the  standard  of  require- 
ments in  the  institution  in  the  near  future  comes  as  a  fitting  climax 
and  complement  of  this  work.  The  following  are  the  changes  pro- 
posed, as  stated  in  a  communication  from  the  Dean  to  the  author, 
bearing  date  Dec.  i8th,  1889  : 

"  I.  Uniform  written  examinations. 

2.  Uniform  gradings,  with  a  maximum  of  100,  of  which  a  candi- 
date must  receive  a  general  average  of  65  in  order  to  obtain  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.  If  a  candidate  receive  an  average 
grade  of  65  and  fall  to  or  below  33  in  any  branch,  he  is  conditioned, 
and  cannot  receive  his  degree  until  he  shall  have  passed  a  satisfac- 
tory examination  in  the  deficient  branch  or  branches,  such  examina- 
tion to  take  place  at  a  time  to  be  appointed  in  October  following. 

3.  The  dispensary  hours  are  to  be  lengthened  and  special  bedside 
clinics  in  the  hospital  are  to  be  arranged  for  the  benefit  of  third-year 
men  who  have  passed  their  examinations  in  the  primary  branches. 

4.  After  the  session  of  1 890-1  all  matriculates  must  present,  as  an 
essential  prerequisite,  the  diploma  of  a  respectable  college  or  high 
school,  or  a  teacher's  certificate,  or  else  pass  a  preliminary  examina- 
tion on  the  English  branches.^ 

^  The  requirements  of  the  National  Association  of  Medical  Colleges  (of 
which  this  institution  is  a  member)  are  as  follows  :  "  A  composition  in  English 
of  not  less  than  200  words  ;  the  translation  of  easy  Latin  prose,  provided  that 
students  be  allowed  one  year  to  make  up  any  deficiency  in  regard  to  this 
item;  an  examination  in  higher  arithmetic  and  elementary  physics.  Gradu- 
ates or  matriculates  of  recognized  colleges  of  literature,  science  and  art,  or 
state  normal  schools,  are  exempt  from  the  provisions  of  this  examination." 
These  requirements  are  not  to  be  enforced  until  the  session  of  1S92-3.  {^Proc. 
of  Nashville  Convention,  1890.) 


158  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

5.  A  lectureship  on  Hygiene  and  Medical  Jurisprudence  is  to  be 
established. 

6.  For  and  after  the  session  of  189 1-2  a  regular  three-years 
graded  course  will  be  required  of  all  candidates  for  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Medicine." 

These  steps  were  determined  upon,  it  will  be  seen,  several  months 
prior  to  the  meeting  of  the  Medical  College  Association  at  Nashville, 
and  hence  quite  independently  of  any  influence  of  that  meeting. 

In  adopting  these  measures  which,  whilst  they  will  place  the 
school  again  on  a  level  with  the  better  class  of  schools  in  the  country, 
will  yet  doubtless  involve  a  large  loss  of  patronage  and  a  material 
decrease  of  revenues  for  at  least  several  years  to  come,  the  Faculty 
have  simply  endeavored  to  meet  the  necessities  of  the  case.  The 
establishment  of  State  Examining  Boards  has  introduced  a  new  and 
more  rigid  system  of  requirements  previously  unknown  to  the  pro- 
fession in  this  country.  Late  experience  has  taught  that  the  methods 
of  education  hitherto  and  still  largely  in  vogue  do  not  meet  these 
requirements,  and  hence  the  standing  of  those  schools  who  do  not 
adapt  themselves  to  the  changed  condition  of  things  is  in  jeopardy. 
The  authorities  of  the  University  wisely  determined  to  place  their 
school  en  rapport  with  these  examining  bodies  and  to  maintain  at 
any  cost  its  respectability  and  standing.  It  is  easy  to  say  that  this 
is  nothing  more  than  their  duty  ;  true,  but  on  the  other  hand  it  is 
hard  to  submit  .even  to  a  duty,  to  say  nothing  of  necessity,  that 
threatens  the  loss  of  patronage  and  revenue  and  possibly  even 
extinction.  Some  prominent  professors  in  this  city,  while  expressing 
their  admiration  for  the  courage  and  disinterestedness  which 
prompted  it,  declared  that  the  step  was  a  suicidal  one.  And,  indeed, 
it  would  appear  almost  like  self-destruction  for  an  institution  entirely 
dependent  for  support  upon  the  favor  and  the  fees  of  those  who  attend 
its  instructions  to  make  demands  upon  the  latter  not  required  by  other 
institutions  drawing  patronage  from  the  same  sources.  It  is  a  sad 
reflection  that  an  ancient  and  honorable  institution  should  be  so  crip- 
pled in  its  resources  that  it  is  unable  to  rise  to  the  full  stature  which 
the  urgent  needs  of  the  day  demand  of  it.  This  brings  us  to  con- 
sider the  great  crisis  which  is  undoubtedly  impending  in  its  affairs 
and  the  means  for  meeting  it.  As  has  been  pointed  out  and  repeat- 
edly urged  by  the  author  elsewhere,^  the  whole  trouble  lies  in  the 

'  Maryland  Medical  Jl.,  June  15,  1S81,  Aug.  i,  18S1,  June  28,  1890.  Trans. 
Med.  atid  Chir.  Fac,  1881.  "  The  solution  of  the  problem  of  medical  education 
is  to  be  found  in  a  single  word — endowment,"  June,  1881. 


FIFTH    PERIOD.  I59 

fact  that  the  University  is  without  a  money  endowment.  The  scien- 
tific requirements  of  modern  medicine  demand  a  large  outlay  which 
cannot  be  met  by  the  mere  fees  of  students,  fluctuating  and  hence 
uncertain  as  they  necessarily  are.  Take  the  equipment  and  mainte- 
nance of  laboratories  alone,  which  are  absolutely  essential  now  to  all 
correct  and  complete  training.  In  most  of  the  German  universities 
which  are  regarded  as  models  of  what  is  needed  in  this  direction, 
according  to  Prof,  Welch,  of  this  city,  "  nearly  three  tivies  as  much 
money  is  paid  for  the  support  of  the  laboratories  required  by  the 
Medical  Facility  as  is  given  in  salaries  to  the  medical  professorsT'^ 
The  idea  of  suicide,  as  entertained  by  the  professors  above  alluded 
to,  is  therefore  by  no  means  strained  unless  circumstances  very  greatly 
alter.  One  of  two  things  is  likely  to  occur  if  this  attempt  be 
made  under /r(?^^7z/  circumstances:  either  it  will  be  carried  out  in 
good  faith  and  the  institution  will  perish  with  honor,  or  the  author- 
ities will  become  faint-hearted  and  violate  their  own  plighted  faith. 
We  cannot  for  a  moment  entertain  either  possibility.  It  is  useless  to 
talk  or  think  of  anything  else — there  must  be  an  endowment,  and 
that  in  the  near  future.  How  shall  it  be  obtained  ?  There  are  diffi- 
culties in  the  way  that  perhaps  did  not  exist  a  few  years  back,  but  it 
is  useless  to  reproach  past  faculties  now  for  their  neglect  or  grieve 
over  lost  opportunities.  There  are  three  sources  from  which  funds 
ought  to  be  forthcoming  with  determined  and  united  efforts  :  i.  the 
Faculty;  2.  the  alumni;  3.  the  public.  The  University  has  a  just 
claim  upon  the  two  former  classes  :  upon  the  first  because  they  owe 
so  much  of  their  reputation  and  success  to  the  opportunities  and 
incentives  which  their  positions  in  the  institution  have  afforded  ; 
upon  the  second  because  of  the  hallowed  ties  that  bind  them  to  the 
"  dear  mother,"  and  because  they  must  share  with  her  her  honor  or 
dishonor,  her  reputation  or  infamy.  She  has  the  best  right,  there- 
fore, to  look  to  these  sources  for  aid  either  in  the  form  of  donations 
or  bequests.  Let  all  contribute  something  and  let  not  the  small 
gifts  be  despised,  for  they  may  come  like  the  widow's  mite,  from  the 
heart.  A  direct  appeal  to  wealthy  citizens  is  not  necessarily 
Utopian,  as  some  seem  to  think,  for  it  has  been  tried  successfully 
elsewhere.^  The  fact  that  the  members  of  our  Faculty  have  the  cream 
of  the  practice  in  this  community  gives  them  a  frequent  opportunity 

^  Address  at  Yale  University,  June  26th,  1S8S. 

'^  As  pointed  out  and  urged  upon  our  Faculty  by  the  author  in  the  Md,  Med. 
Jour.,  Sept.  29,  1883  :  "  How  an  Endowment  was  secured." 


l6o  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 

for  bringing  the  matter  to  the  attention  of  wealthy  and  public- 
spirited  laymen  and  laywomen.  Large  contributions  and  bequests 
are  constantly  being  received  from  such  sources  by  other  institutions, 
not  always  charitable,  not  always  deserving,  and  it  is  quite  certain 
that  cases  will  be  met  with  where  a  suggestion  of  the  beloved  physi- 
cian will  lead  to  a  remembrance  in  the  will  of  greater  or  less 
amounts.  It  is  well  known  that  persons  of  large  fortunes  and  with- 
out near  heirs  are  frequently  puzzled  to  know  what  to  do  with  their 
means.  But  it  is  useless  to  waste  words  unless  there  be  a  full  realization 
of  the  urgency  of  the  case  and  a  corresponding  zeal  to  supply  it  inspired 
thereby.  The  objections  which  have  been  urged  against  the  Uni- 
versity on  the  ground  that  it  is  a  private  corporation,  the  property  of 
individuals,  to  be  managed  and  disposed  of  at  their  pleasure,  have 
been  answered  by  the  author  elsewhere.^  It  was  there  pointed  out 
that  whilst  it  is  true  the  University  is  a  private  corporation,  in 
this  respect  it  is  like  most  other  medical  schools  in  the  country  ;  that 
it  is  not  private  in  the  same  sense  in  which  the  property  of  an  indi- 
vidual is  private,  to  sell  or  otherwise  dispose  of  at  his  pleasure  ;  that 
the  property  is  protected  by  the  terms  of  the  charter,  and  also  by  a 
bond  into  which  the  Regents  entered  at  the  time  of  the  restitution 
in  1839,  and  can  only  be  used  for  its  legitimate  purposes;  that  the 
Medical  Faculty  are  further  restrained  in  their  action  by  their  col- 
leagues of  the  Law  Faculty,  astute  lawyers,  who  will  doubtless 
check  any  extravagance  or  mismanagement  by  their  fellow-Regents, 
or  give  valuable  legal  advice  and  counsel  as  occasion  requires.  So 
that  there  is  no  just  reason  for  supposing  that  funds  contributed  for 
this  purpose  will  not  be  safely  invested  and  wisely  and  legitimately 
employed.  And  when  by  the  Divine  blessing,  without  which  we 
can  hope  for  nothing,  we  have  secured  the  fruition  of  our  aspirations 
in  regard  to  an  endowment,  may  we  not  trace  for  our  University  the 
most  brilliant  pathway  in  the  future  ?  and  whilst  we  can  point  back- 
ward to  triumphs,  to  self-sacrifice  and  devotion,  so  may  we  not 
descry  through  the  twilight  of  the  new  morn  that  is  just  breaking, 
still  greater  triumphs,  a  higher  ideal,  a  loftier  motive  ! 

1"  The  Future  of  our  University,"  Md.  Med.  Jozirn.,  June  28th,  1S90. 


CATALOGUE  OF  ALUMNI,  SCHOOL  OF  MEDICINE, 

1812  TO  1890  INCLUSIVE. 

Every  effort  has  been  made  to  render  this  catalogue  as  complete  and 
accurate  as  possible.  The  following  are  the  principal  sources  from  which 
it  has  been  compiled  :  The  newspapers,  theses,  medical  journals,  MS. 
matriculation  book,  Regents'  minute  book,  mandamuses,  commencement 
lists,  catalogues,  and  lists  of  signatures.  The  MS.  records  of  the  University 
are  lamentably  deficient,  and  the  two  previous  general  catalogues  (1855  and 
1877)  are  entirely  unreliable.  Mistakes  are  in  the  nature  of  the  case 
unavoidable,  as  the  same  name  is  often  spelt  differently  in  different  lists 
and  it  is  impossible  to  tell  which  is  the  correct  spelling.  The  earliest 
names  given  are  those  of  1812,  and  I  have  not  been  able  to  confirm 
Professor  Potter's  statement  that  there  were  earlier  graduates.  In  this 
catalogue  the  names  of  those  receiving  the  honorary  M.  D.  are  printed  in 
small  capitals,  those  receiving  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  (one- 
course  students)  in  italics.     See  Sjipplement  for  other  names. 


Abbott,  Alexander  C,  1884,  Md. 
Abell,  William  M.,  1850,  Md. 
Abert,  Charles,  Jr.,  1875,  Md. 
Adams,  Charles  E.,  1878,  S.  C. 
Adams,  George  F.,  1853,  Md. 
Adams,  M.  Revere,  1878,  N.  C. 
Adams,  Samuel,  1861,  Md. 
Adams,  William  S.,  1859,  Md. 
Addison,  John,  1S30,  Md. 
Addison,  William,  1825,  Pa. 
Adkisson,  W.  H.  H.,  1861,  Md. 
Adler,  Lewis,  1859,  Md. 
Adelphus,  Philip,  1858,  Md. 
Adreon,  Joseph  L.,  1838,  Md. 
Adreon,  Stephen  W.,  1828,  Md. 
Agnew,  James,  1819,  Va. 
Ahl,  David,  1853,  Pa. 
Ahlenfeld,  Marcus,  1835,  Pa. 
Aiken,  George  P.,  1836,  Md. 
Aiken,  Robert  E.,  1844,  Md. 
Aitken,  James,  1824,  Md. 
Albert,  C.,  1872,  Md. 


Alcock,  Edward  J.,  1827,  Md. 
Alday,  Alfred  F.,  1857,  Nassau,  N.  P. 
Aldridge,  John  H.,  1855,  Md. 
Aldridge,  L.  A.,  1872,  Md. 
Alexander,  Edward  C,  1821,  Va. 
Alexander,  Henry,  1825,  S.  C. 
Alexander,  L.,  1868,  Va. 
Alexander,  Orlando  L.,  1875,  Ga. 
Alfriend,  Shadrach,  1815,  Va. 
Allen,  Charles  L.,  1887,  S.  C. 
Allen,  Ebenezer  N.,  1830,  Md. 
Allen,  Matthew  J.,  1820,  Md. 
Allen,  Richard  Nun,  1817,  Md. 
Allen,  Robert,  1813,  Md. 
Allen,  Robert  T.,  1822,  Md. 
Allen,  Robert  W.,  1850,  Md. 
Allen,  Rufus  L.,  1885,  N.  C. 
Allender,  Walter  T.,  1829,  Md. 
Allinder,  D.  K.,  1880,  Pa. 
Allnutt,  James  R.,  1836,  Md. 
Alpin,  Charles  F.,  1879,  Ohio. 
Alston,  Bennet  P.,  1868,  N.  C. 


l62 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Alston,  Willis,  1869,  N.  C. 
Ambler,  James  M.,  1870,  Va. 
Ambler,  Richard  C,  1831,  Va. 
Ames,  G.  L.,  1889,  Va. 
Ames,  Howard  E.,  1874,  Md. 
Ames,  John  G.,  1881,  Md. 
Amos,  Corbin,  1812,  Md. 
Amos,  James  B.,  1854,  Md. 
Anderson,  A.  Joseph,  1886,  S.  C. 
Anderson,  Barton  E.,  1876,  Ga. 
Anderson,  Benjamin,  1824,  Va. 
Anderson,  Charles  D.,  1866,  Md. 
Anderson,  Edward,  1875,  Md. 
Anderson,  James,  1815,  Md. 
Anderson,  James  L.,  1835,  Md. 
Anderson,  John  M.,  1825,  Va. 
Anderson,  John  W.,  1854,  Md. 
Anderson,  Robert,  1823,  Md. 
Anderson,  Samuel  H.,  1870,  Md. 
Anderson,  Thomas  A.,  1822,  Tenn. 
Anderson,  Washington  F.,  1844,  Ala. 
Andre,  James  R.,  1850,  Del. 
Andrews,  George  W.,  1877,  Md. 
Annan,  Andrew,  1827,  Md. 
Anthony,  Joseph  J.,  1850,  N.  C. 
Archer,  John  T.,  1833,  Md. 
Archer,  Robert  H.,  1835,  Md. 
Archer,  W.  S.,  1880,  Md. 
Ard,  Frank  C,  1887,  N.  Y. 
Armitage,  James,  1831,  Md. 
Arnold,  Edward  A.,  1852,  Conn. 
Arnold,  William  T.,  1875,  Md. 
Arthur,  George,  1873,  Md. 
Arthur,  William  H.,  1877,  Md. 
Arthur,  W.  S.,  1872,  Md. 
Ashby,  Thomas  A.,  1873,  Va. 
Ashcom,  John  C,  1857,  Md. 
Ashlin,  Charles  A.,  1854,  Ohio. 
Ashton,  Charles  L.,  1834,  Va. 
Atkins,  Charles,  1825,  S.  C. 
Atkinson,  Edwin  E.,  1856,  Md. 
Atkinson,  I.  Edmondson,  1865,  Md. 
Atkinson,  Robert,  1854,  Md. 
Atkinson,  Thomas  C,  1844,  Md. 
Atwell,  John,  1876,  Ga. 
Austen,  Philip  H.,  1845,  Md. 


Austen,  William  H.  J.,  1846,  Md. 
Austin,  Charles  L.,  1882,  W.  Va. 
Austin,  Henry,  1S48,  England. 
Ayres,  John,  18S8,  Va. 
Ayres,  Robert  H.,  1835,  Md. 

Backus,  John  S.,  1866,  Md. 
Bacon,  James  E.,  1846,  Md. 
Baden,  Joseph  A.,  1856,  Md. 
Baer,  Alexander  H.,  1835,  Va. 
Baer,  Charles  J.,  1845,  ^^• 
Baer,  Edward  R.,  1853,  ^d. 
Baer,  Michael,  1818,  Md. 
Bagby,  John,  1867,  Va. 
Bagely,  Joseph  H.,  1858,  Md. 
Bahn,  George  W.,  18S1,  Pa. 
Bailey,  Charles  Williams,  1889,  S.  C. 
Bailey,  Samuel  E.,  1890,  W.  Va. 
Bain,  James,  1816,  Md. 
Bain,  Julian  S.,  1850,  Md. 
Baird,  William  J.,  1881,  Ala. 
Baker,  Alfred,  1845,  Md. 
Baker,  C.  D.,  188 1,  Md. 
Baker,  Frederick  B.,  1888,  Conn. 
Baker,  J.  E.  Seymour,  1881,  Md. 
Baker,  Julian  M.,  1S79,  N.  C. 
Baker,  Newton  D.,  1868,  W.  Va. 
Baker,  Richard  B.,  1846,  N.  C. 
Baker,  Samuel  G.,  1835,  Md. 
Baker,  William  H.,  18S1,  Md. 
Baker,  William  N.,  1832,  Md. 
Balch,  Stephen  F.,  1865,  Va. 
Baldwin,  Abra'm  S.,  1S47,  Md. 
Baldwin,  C.  A.,  1871,  Md. 
Baldwin,  Edwin  C,  1844,  Md. 
Baldwin,  Joseph  S.,  1874,  Va. 
Baldwin,  Julius  A.,  1849,  Md. 
Baldwin,  Mahlon  K.,  1850,  Va. 
Baldwin,  Silas,  1867,  Md. 
Bales,  C.  J.,  187S,  Va. 
Ball,  C.  D.  E.,  1880,  Md. 
Ball,  David,  1828,  Va. 
Ball,  Elias,  1825,  S.  C. 
Ballard,  Edwin  K.,  1887,  Md. 
Ballard,  Levin  W.,  1819,  Md. 
Ballard,  Robert,  1824,  Md. 


CATALOGUE   OF   ALUMNI. 


163 


Baltzell,  F.  E.,  1871,  Md. 
Baltzell,  William  H.,  1843,  Tenn. 
Baltzell,  William  Hewson,  1889,  Md. 
Banks,  Alexander  R.,  1882,  La. 
Banks,  James  M.,  1868,  N.  C. 
Banks,  Peter  G.,  1S22,  Va. 
Barber,  George  A.,  1821,  Md. 
Barber,  Luke  P.,  1830,  Md. 
Barber,  Philip  D.,  1856,  Md. 
Barber,  Thomas  K.,  1S65,  Md. 
Barbosa,  Perfecto,  1875,  Mexico. 
Barclay,  Francis,  18 18,  Pa. 
Barclay,  M.  Rowan,  18S9,  Va. 
Bardwell,  James  R.,  1850,  Md. 
Barker,  Charles  W.,  1885,  Md. 
Barnes,  Harry  D.,  1889,  Md. 
Barnette,  A.  Bruce,  1S79,  W.  Va. 
Barnum,  Augustus,  1834,  Md. 
Barnum,  Richard,  1828,  Md. 
Barnum,  Zenus,  1878,  Md. 
Barr,  John  €.,  1889,  Pa. 
Barret,  William  E.,  1848,  Pa. 
Barron,  Charles  H.,  1868,  N.  C. 
Barron,  John,  1877,  Md. 
Barry,  Charles  B.,  1837,  Md. 
Barry,  William  J.,  1844,  Md. 
Bartholow,  Roberts,  1852,  Md. 
Barton,  Boiling  W.,  1870,  Va. 
Barton,  W.  H.,  1S84,  Va. 
Baskerville,  John  T.,  1S22,  Va. 
Bassett,  H.  Willis,  1822,  Va. 
Batchelor,  Kemp  Battle,  1889,  N.  C. 
Bateman,  J.  M.  H.,  1867,  Md. 
Batson,  A.  Frank,  1881,  W^  Va. 
Batson,  J.  Richard,  1880,  Md. 
Battaile,  George  S.,  1883,  Va. 
Battee,  John  S.,  1S45,  Md. 
Battle,  James  P.,  1889,  N.  C. 
Baxley,  Claude,  i860,  Md. 
Baxley,  Henry  W.,  1824,  Md. 
Baxley,  J.  Brown,  Jr.,  1884,  Md. 
Bayly,  Alex,  H.,  1835,  Md. 
Bayly,  Walter  M.,  1827,  Md. 
Bayne,  John  H.,  1826,  Md. 
Bayne,  John  W.,  1868,  Md. 
Beach,  E.  Meeker,  1S85,  Md. 


I'.each,  William  B.,  1875,  ^^d. 
Beale,  James,  1829,  Va. 
Beall,  Josias  A.,  1825,  Md, 
Beall,  Richard  D.,  1S28,  Md. 
Bean,  Hezekiah  H.,  1847,  Md. 
Beans,  R.  Albert,  1864,  Va. 
Bear,  Alexander,  i860,  Va. 
Beard,  John  W.,  1852,  Md. 
Beard,  Stephen,  1873,  Md. 
Beatty,  George  D.,  1863,  Md. 
Beatty,  J.  E.,  1861,  Md. 
Beck,  Samuel,  i860,  Md. 
Beckenbaugh,  J.  J.,  i860,  Md. 
Beckenbaugh,  John  M.,  1866,  Md. 
Becker,  G.  Franklin,  1888,  Md. 
Beckett,  Truman  D.,  1845,  Md. 
Beckham,  W.  L.,  1868,  Va. 
Beckwith,  John  B.,  1837,  N.  C. 
Becraft,  Calvin  E.,  18S4,  Md, 
Becton,  Frederick  E.,  1823,  Tenn. 
Beeler,  G.  Barton,  1876,  Md. 
Bell,  Daniel  F.,  1867,  Va. 
Bell,  Ephraim,  1821,  Md. 
Bell,  Henry  R.,'  1879,  Cal. 
Bell,  J.  S.,  1884,  N.  C. 
Bellamy,  Ed.  C,  1825,  N.  C. 
Bellerman,  C.  F.,  1872,  Md. 
Belt,  E.  Oliver,  1886,  Md. 
Belt,  George  D.,  1868,  Md. 
Belt,  James  H.,  1850,  Miss. 
Belt,  Richard  G.,  1821,  Md. 
Belt,  Samuel  J.,  1876,  Md. 
Belt,  Shadrach  J.  M.,  1844,  Md. 
Belt,  Upton  H.,  1850,  Md. 
Belt.  W.  Seton,  1849,  Md. 
Belt,  Walter  T,,  1835,  D.  C. 
Beltz,  Theodore  H.,  1863,  Md. 
Bennett,  J.  Edmond,  1855,  ^I^- 
Bennett,  Van  S.,  1827,  Va. 
Bennett,  W.  H.,  1866,  Md. 
Benson,  Benjamin  R.,  1873,  Md. 
Benson,  Charles,  i860,  Md. 
Benson,  Charles  C,  1883,  Md. 
Benson,  George  W.,  1852,  Md. 
Benson,  J.  Edward,  18S4,  Md. 
Benson,  John  A.  D.,  1S37,  Md. 


164 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Benson,  Philander  V.,  1862,  Md. 
Benson,  Samuel  L.,  1883,  Md. 
Benson,  W.  H.,  1861,  Ala. 
Benton,  John  M.,  1890,  Ga. 
Benton,  John  R.,  1883,  Md. 
Benzinger,  Joseph  C,  1863,  Md. 
Berkeley,  Carter,  1866,  Va. 
Berkley,  Henry  J.,  1881,  Md. 
Berlalga,  Alberto,  1882,  Mexico. 
Berney,  John,  1867,  Ala. 
Bernstein,  Edward  J.,  1887,  Md. 
Berry,  Benjamin,  1848,  Md. 
Berry,  John,  1828,  Tenn. 
Berry,  Laurence  J.,  1829,  Md. 
Berry,  William  H.,  1850,  D.  C. 
Berryman,  Upton  H,,  1846,  Md. 
Berthold,  Jacob  L.,  1886,  Pa. 
Best,  J.  Janney,  1886,  Va. 
Best,  John  W.  F.,  1858,  Md. 
Best,  William  J.,  1856,  Va. 
Betson,  George  W.,  1865,  Md. 
Betts,  Solomon,  Jr.,  1856,  Md. 
Bevan,  C,  F„  1871,  Md. 
BiBiGHAUs,  John,  1846,  Pa. 
Biedler,  H.  H.,  1876,  Va. 
Biggs,  Joseph  W,,  1826,  Md. 
Bilbro,  William  C,  1884,  Tenn. 
Billingham,  Walter  A., 1877,  England. 
Billingslea,  James,  1878,  Md. 
Billingslea,  James  H.,  1864,  Md. 
Billingslea,  James  L.,  1S27,  Md. 
Billingslea,  Martin  B.,  1874,  Md. 
Billingslea,  Uriah  H.,  1857,  Md. 
Billingsley,  John  A.  T.,  1849,  Md. 
Binion,  Samuel  A.,  1886,  Md. 
Binswanger,  Otto,  1882,  Germany. 
Birch,  Andrew  D.,  1857,  Md. 
Birchett,  Edward  H.,  1820,  Va. 
Birckhead,  Lennox,  1817,  Md. 
Bird,  Benjamin  L.,  1837,  Md. 
Bird,  Benjamin  L.,  1864,  Md. 
Bird,  William  P.,  1849,  Md. 
Biscoe,  William  B.,  1853,  Md. 
Biser,  F.  H.  D.,  1890,  Md. 
Biser,  Tilghman,  1826,  Md. 
Bishop,  Elijah  T.,  1855,  Md. 


Bishop,  F.  Bessant,  1883,  N.  C. 
Bissell,  J.  U.,  188S,  S.  C. 
Black,  Hugh  R.,  1883,  S.  C. 
Black,  J.  B.,  1872,  S.  C. 
Black,  J.  Cyrus,  1886,  N.  C. 
Black,  William  C,  18S6,  N.  C. 
Blackiston,  T,  C,  1889,  W.  Va. 
Blackistone,  R.  Pinkney,  1849,  ^^' 
Blackwell,  E.  Maurice,  1890,  Va. 
Blair,  John  L.,  186S,  Md, 
Blake,  James  H.,  1873,  Texas. 
Blake,  John  B.,  1824,  D.  C. 
Blake,  Thomas,  1820,  Md. 
Blakistone,  W.  S.,  1861,  Md. 
Bland,  T.  Jackson,  1887,  Va. 
Blandford,  Joseph  H.,  1856,  Md. 
Blanding,  A.  Louis,  1881,  S.  C. 
Blanton,  Orville  M.,  1850,  Miss. 
Bledsoe,  Powhatan,  i860,  Va. 
Blubaugh,  Charles  B.,  1880,  Va. 
Blue,  Kenneth  A.,  18S9,  N.  C. 
Blum,  Joseph,  1885,  Md. 
Board,  Francis  H.,  1854,  N.  C. 
Boardman,  Francis  E.,  1S69,  Md. 
Boarman,  Charles,  1849,  Va. 
Boarman,  Charles  S.,  1837,  Md. 
Boarman,  John  H.,  1835,  Md. 
Boarman,  William  J.,  1855,  Md. 
Bobbitt,  Emmett  H.,  1877,  N.  C. 
Bodder,  Horatio  T.,  1844,  Md. 

BOERSTLER,   GeORGE  W.,   1834,  Md. 

Boerstler,  George  W.,  1820,  Md. 
Boggs,  James  A.,  1824,  Md. 
Boggs,  Samuel  E.,  1834,  Pa. 
Bogue,  Robert  J.,  1866,  Md. 
Bohanan,  James  S.,  1863,  Md. 
Bohannan,  William  T.,  1866,  Md. 
Bohrer,  Benjamin  F.,  1843,  D.  C. 
Bolenius,  R.  M.,  1873,  Pa. 
Bolton,  L  Henry,  1862,  Ky. 
Bolton,  James  W.  W.,  1883,  W.  Va. 
Bond,  A.  Kerr,  1882,  Md. 
Bond,  Benson,  1848,  Md. 
Bond,  Elijah  J.,  1822,  Md. 
Bond,  Henry,  181 7,  Md. 
Bond,  James,  1S24,  Md. 


CATALOGUE   OF   ALUMNI. 


I6  = 


Bond,  Joshua,  1819,  Md. 
Bond,  Robert,  1880,  Md. 
Bond,  Summerfield  B.,  18S3,  Md. 
Bond,  Thomas  E.,  1S19,  Md. 
Bond,  Thomas  E.,  Jr.,  1834,  Md. 
Bond,  Y.  H.,  1867,  Md. 
Booker,  Thomas  N.,  1863,  Md. 
Boon,  Charles  E.,  TS48,  Md. 
Boon,  John  F.,  1837,  Md. 
Boon,  William  H.,  1S50,  Pa. 
Boone,  James  H.,  1858,  Md. 
Boone,  Jerningham,  1S44,  Md. 
Boone,  W.  C,  1872,  Md. 
Booth,  William,  1865,  Md. 
Borck,  E.  A.  M.,  Jr.,  1863,  Md. 
Bordley,  James,  1829,  Md. 
Bordley,  James,  1868,  Md. 
Bordley,  William  W.,  1842,  Md. 
Borgman,  Charles  J.,  1852,  Sweden. 
Bosley,  Grafton  M.,  1S47,  Md. 
Boteler,  Edward  L.,  1826,  Md. 
Boteler,  George  W.,  1868,  Md. 
Boteler,  John  T.,  1834,  Md. 
Boteler,  R.  H.  E.,  1861,  Md. 
Boteler,  W.  Clarence,  1878,  Md. 
Boucsein,  Gustav  F.,  1885,  Md. 
Boulden,  James  E.  P.,  1850,  Del. 
Bouldin,  Robert  R.,  1S65,  Md. 
Bowden,  David  Thomas,  18S9,  N.  J. 
Bowdle,  William  J.,  1857,  Md. 
Bowen,  Josiah  S.,  1865,  Cal. 
Bowen,  W.  B.,  1871,  Va. 
Bowen,  William  S.,  1888,  Md. 
Bower,  George  B.  M.,  1887,  Pa. 
Bowers,  Jacob  L.,  1888,  S.  C. 
Bowie,  Allen,  1S35,  Md. 
Bowie,  Allen  T.,  1836,  Md. 
Bowie,  Augustus  J.,  1843,  Md. 
Bowie,  H.  Strafford,  1870,  Md. 
Bowie,  Humphrey,  1S24,  Md. 
Bowie,  J.  F.,  1871,  Va. 
Bowlen,  George  W.,  1856,  Va. 
Bowles,  R.  C,  1861,  Va. 
Bowman,  Charles  W.,  1881,  Pa. 
Bowman,  Rufus  C,  1883,  Va. 
Boyd,  Harry,  1SS8,  Md. 


Boyd,  Philip  W.,  1868,  Va. 
Boyd,  William  S.,  Jr.,  1886,  S.  C. 
Boyd,  William  T.,  1834,  Md. 
Boyle,  Charles  B.,  1869,  Md. 
Boyle,  Daniel  S.,  i860,  Md. 
Boyle,  J.  Brooke,  Jr.,  1869,  Md. 
Boyle,  John  H.,  1839,  Md. 
Boyle,  Samuel,  1861,  Bermuda. 
Boyle,  William,  1838,  Md. 
Boyleston,  W.  A.,  1871,  La. 
Brace,  Russel,  1849,  Md. 
Bradford,  Charles  H.,  1830,  Md. 
Bradford,  Edward,  1822,  N.  C. 
Bradford,  Randolph,  1824,  Md. 
Bramwell,  Henry  V.,  1828,  Md. 
Branham,  B.  W.,  1824,  Va. 
Braswell,  James  C,  18S2,  N.  C. 
Braswell,  Mark  R.,  i886,  N.  C. 
Brattan,  Lemuel  R.,  1854,  Md. 
Brawner,  J.  B.,  1872,  Md. 
Braymer,  Frank  H.,  18S6,  Vt. 
Breathed,  James,  i860,  Md. 
Breda,  Philip,  1833,  France. 
Brent,  Henry  W.,  1855,  Md. 
Brewer,  Charles,  1855,  Md. 
Brewer,  Edward,  1826,  D.  C. 
Brewer,  George  G.,  1856,  Md. 
Brewer,  Marbury,  1850,  Md. 
Brewer,  William,  1827,  Md. 
Briel,  Fred.  M.,  1877,  Va. 
Brien,  John,  1824,  Md. 
Brinton,  Wilmer,  1876,  Md. 
Briscoe,  C,  1823,  Md. 
Briscoe,  Henry,  1855,  Md. 
Broadbent,  William,  1863,  Md. 
Broadnax,  Robert  H.,  1827,  Va. 
Broadwater,  Joseph  E.,  i860,  Va. 
Brock,  Jesse  W.,  1855,  Ohio. 
Brockbank,  Joseph  W.,  1S87,  Pa. 
Brodbeck,  John  R.,  1879,  Pa. 
Brodie,  Walter,  1867,  N.  C. 
Brodnax,  D.  W.,  1836,  Va. 
Brogden,  Arthur,  1859,  Md. 
Bromwell.  J.  E.,  1867,  Md. 
Bromwell,  J.  R.,  1871,  Md. 
Bromwell,  Robert  E.,  1850,  Md. 


1 66 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Brook,  Henry,  1828,  Md. 
Brooke,  Alexander  M.,  1856,  Md. 
Brooke,  Ballard  S.,  1858,  Md. 
Brooke,  Edgar  A.,  1887,  Montana. 
Brooke,  Roger,  1887,  Md. 
Brooke,  William  J.  R.,  1830,  Md. 
Brookings,  Richard,  1830,  Md. 
Brooks,  Horace  A.,  1861,  Md. 
Brooks,  H.  M.,  1879,  N.  C. 
Brothers,  Rufus  S.,  1859,  N.  C. 
Broughton,  Henry  B.,  1822,  Md. 
Brown,  Catesby  G.,  1834,  Md. 
Brown,  Ephraim  L.,  1838,  Md. 
Brown,  George  H.,  1864,  Md. 
Brown,  George  W.,  1889,  S.  C. 
Brown,  Henry  C,  1S65,  Md. 
Brown,  James,  1875,  ^^*^' 
Brown,  John  H.,  1834,  S.  C. 
Brown,  John  J.,  187S,  Pa. 
Brown,  John  P.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Brown,  Lloyd  W.,  1847,  Mo. 
Brown,  Nathan,  1826,  Md. 
Brown,  Richard  W.,  1853,  Md. 
Brown,  Samuel  P.,  1850,  Va. 
Brown,  Septimus,  1849,  Md. 
Brown,  Thomas  R.,  1866,  Md. 
Brown,  Walter  H.,  1889,  Md. 
Browne,  B.  Bernard,  1867,  Md. 
Browne,  Joseph,  1830,  Md. 
Browne,  Nathan,  1826,  Md. 
Browne,  William  H.,  1850,  Md. 
Bruce,  John  J.,  1850,  Md. 
Bruce,  William  H.,  1856,  Md. 
Brune,  T.  Barton,  1878,  Md. 
Bryan,  Edward  H.,  1829,  Md. 
Bryan,  N.  B.,  1861,  Pa. 
Bryce,  John  C,  1874,  S.  C. 
Buchanan,  James  A.,  1827,  Md. 
Buck,  Carey,  1874,  Va. 
Buck,  John  S.,  1825,  Md. 
Buckler,  John,  1817,  Md. 
Buckler,  Riggin,  1853,  Md. 
Buckler,  Thomas  H.,  1835,  Md. 
Buckler,  Thomas  H.,  1888,  Md. 
Buckley,  Jesse  J.,  1855,  Md. 
Buckner,  C.  Beverly,  1842,  Va. 


Buckner,  Charles  S.,  1843,  Mo. 
Buckner,  Leigh,  1885,  Va. 
Buhrman,  Harvey,  1862,  Md. 
Bulluck,  David  W.,  1873,  N.  C. 
Burch,  Dennis  C,  1865,  Md. 
Burch,  James  C,  1862,  Md. 
Burch,  William,  1844,  Md. 
Burch,  William  Baltzell,  1890,  Md. 
Burchinal,  Lowry  N.,  1886,  W.  Va. 
Burdick,  Isaac  D.,  1853,  N.  Y. 
Burgess,  John  J.,  1854,  Md. 
Burgess,  Lloyd  D.,  1862,  Md. 
Burgess,  Richard  B.,  1833,  Md. 
Burgin,  Harvey  F.,  1875,  N.  C. 
Burgos,  Pastor  Y.  G.,  1880,  Cuba. 
Burkhardt,  William  D.,  1852,  Va. 
Burleigh,  W.  Elizur,  1865,  Mass. 
Burneston,  Edward  R.,  18  51,  Md. 
Burnett,  William,  1828,  Va. 
Burns,  Arthur,  1850,  Md. 
Burr,  William  H.,  1884,  Del. 
Burrington,  Solon  O.,  1866,  Vt. 
Burton,  Aaron,  1813,  Va. 
Burton,  J.  Woolf,  1865,  Md. 
Burton,  Martin,  1828,  Va. 
Bush,  John  C,  1854,  Md. 
Bushay,  Franklin  A.,  1861,  Pa. 
Bussey,  Bennet,  1828,  Md. 
Bussey,  B.  F.,  1885,  Md. 
Bussey,  Harry  G.,  Jr.,  1864,  Pa. 
Butler,  Charles  T.  V.  S.,  1874,  W.Va. 
Butler,  Francis,  1834,  Md. 
Butler,  Fred.,  1835,  Md. 
Butler,  George  W.,  1882,  N.  C. 
Butler,  James  H.,  1857,  Md. 
Butler,  John  B.,  1877,  Md. 
Butler,  John  J.,  1858,  Md. 
Butler,  J.  Camp,  1882,  Md.     . 
Butler,  M.  S.,  1874,  W.  Va. 
Butler,  Vincent  M.,  1841,  Va. 
Butler,  Wm.  W.  S.,  1881,  Va. 
Byer,  Frederick,  1828,  Md. 
Byrne,  Barnard  M.,  1828,  Md. 
Byrne,  Charles,  1825,  Ireland. 
Byrne,  Charles  C,  1859,  Fla. 
Byrne,  Edmond,  1837,  Md. 


CATALOGUE   OF   ALUMNI. 


167 


Byrne,  John,  1837,  Md. 

Cabaniss,  Thomas  T.,  1848,  Va. 
Cabell,  James  L.,  1S34,  Va. 
Cabell,  J.  Grattan,  1840,  Va. 
Cairnes,  George  H.,  1864,  Md. 
Cairns,  C.  F.,  1874,  Md. 
Caldwell,  D.  Greenlee,  1885,  N.  C. 
Caldwell,  John  B.,  1816,  Md. 
Caldwell,  Samuel  H.,  1S28,  Md. 
Callaway,  Paul  C,  1837,  Va. 
Calvert,  William  H.,  1835,  Md. 
Camm,  Frank,  18S5,  Va. 
Campbell,  Archibald,  1889,  N.  C. 
Campbell,  Bernard  J.,  1864,  Md. 
Campbell,  James  B.,  1833,  Va. 
Campbell,  Joseph  D.,  1846,  Va. 
Campbell,  L.  F.,  1867,  Va. 
Campbell,  Robert,  1823,  Md. 
Campbell,  R.  H.,  1S89,  Md. 
Campbell,  William  H.  H.,  1869,  Va. 
Canfield,  W.  Buckingham,  18S0,  Md. 
Canter,  Gustavus,  i860,  Md. 
Capehart,  B.  Ashbourne,  1886,  N.  C. 
Carlin,  James  S.,  1862,  Md. 
Carlisle,  James  B.,  1847,  Ohio. 
Carmichael,  Edward  H.,  1S17,  Va. 
Carmichael,  George  F.,  1828,  Va. 
Carmichael,  James,  1822,  Va. 
Carpenter,  George  H.,  1S68,  Va. 
Carpenter,  James  A.  S.,  1848,  Pa. 
Carper,  Elkanah  D.  W.,  1851,  Md. 
Carr,  Benjamin,  1822,  Md. 
Carr,  Benjamin  A.,  1853,  Md. 
Carr,  John,  1833,  Ireland. 
Carr,  John  B.,  1SS5,  N.  C. 
Carr,  John  D.  M.,  1S67,  Ohio. 
Carr,  Joseph,  1S27,  Md. 
Carr,  Mortimer  A.  R.  F.,  1S51,  Va. 
Carr,  Richard  W.,  1S52,  Md. 
Carr,  Samuel  J.,  1834,  S.  C. 
Carr,  Watson,  1846,  Va. 
Carrere,  Edward  W.,  1825,  Md. 
Carrick,  H.  J.,  1889,  Md. 
Carrico,  Lewis  C,  1885,  Md. 
Carrico,  Thomas  A.,  184S,  Md. 


Carroll,  Charles  A.,  1864,  Md. 
Carroll,  Daniel  C,  1884,  Ark. 
Carroll,  J.  G.,  1872,  Md. 
Carroll,  Joseph,  1S80,  Md. 
Carroll,  Thomas  King,  Jr.,  1846,  Md, 
Carroll,  William  K.,  1S73,  Md. 
Carson,  William  C,  1856,  Md. 
Carter,  C.  Shirley,  1881,  Va. 
Carter,  Edward  L.,  1845,  Md. 
Carter,  George  W.,  1849,  Va. 
Carter,  George  W.,  1878,  Va. 
Carter,  Henry  H.,  1879,  Va. 
Carter,  James  M.,  1864,  Md. 
Carter,  James  P.,  1852,  Va. 
Carter,  John  C,  1858,  Pa. 
Carter,  Paul  B.,  1885,  Va. 
Carter,  Richard  T.,  1847,  Md. 
Carter,  Robert  C,  1845,  Md. 
Carter,  Walter  K.,  1849,  Md. 
Cassidy,  Harry  Francis,  1S90,  Md. 
Casteel,  D.  T.  E.,  1885,  Md. 
Catlett,  John  J.,  1823,  Va. 
Catlin,  William  J.,  1875,  Md. 
Caulk,  William,  1867,  Md. 
Chabot,  G.  Henry,  1883,  Md. 
Chabot,  Lawrence  J.,  1850,  Md. 
Chaisty,  Edward  J.,  1S37,  Md. 
Chamberlain,  John  R.,  1847,  Md. 
Chamberlaine,  H.  R.,  1872,  Md. 
Chamberlaine,  J.  E.  M.,  1849,  Md. 
Chamberlayne,  C.  Eugene,  1S75,  Md. 
Chamberlin,Addrestus  R.,1822,  N.H. 
Chancellor,  E.  A.,  1877,  Va. 
Chandlee,  Henry,  1S82,  Md. 
Chandler,  John  R.,  1824,  D.  C. 
Chaney,  Joseph  P.,  1852,  Md. 
Chaney,  Thomas  M.,  1866,  Md. 
Chaplain,  James  S.,  1854,  Md. 
Chaplain,  Louis,  1S77,  Md. 
Chapman,  James  K.,  1869,  S.  C. 
Chapman,  John  S.,  1847,  Md. 
Chapman,  N.,  1872,  Md. 
Chapman,  Pearson,  Jr.,  1S65,  Md. 
Chapman,  Robert  F.,  1865,  Md. 
Chapman,  William  A.,  1887,  Va. 
Charles,  Frederick  H.,  1886,  Md. 


i68 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Charters,  C.  L.,  1889,  Va. 
Chatard,  Ferdinand  E.,  1826,  Md. 
Chatard,  F.  E.,  Jr.,  1861,  Md. 
Chatard,  Silas  M.,  1856,  Md. 
Cheatham,  Arch.,  1888,  N.  C. 
Cheatham,  U.  Lewis,  1874,  Ga. 
Cheeves,  L.  A.,  1878,  Ga. 
Chenault,  William  F.,  1888,  N.  C. 
Cherbonnier,  Joseph  H.,  1870,  Md. 
Cherry,  W.  F.,  1887,  N.  C. 
Chesley,  James  A.,  1823,  Md. 
Chesley,  James  B.,  1868,  Md. 
Chesley,  Nathaniel  D.,  1S36,  Md. 
Cheston,  James,  1825,  Md. 
Chevis,  Francis  T.,  1827,  Va. 
Chew,  John  H.,  1863,  Md. 
Chew,  Samuel,  1829,  Md. 
Chew,  Samuel  C,  1858,  Md. 
Chew,  Thomas  J.,  1868,  Md. 
Chew,  Thomas  S.,  1818,  Md. 
Childs,  William  W.,  1854,  Md. 
Chilton,  Samuel  B.,  1880,  W.  Va, 
Chisolm,  Edward  N.,  1826,  S.  C. 
Chisolm,  Francis  M.,  1889,  Md. 
Christian,  Charles  C,  1886,  Va. 
Christie,  Arthur,  1866,  England. 
Chunn,  James  T.,  1851,  Va. 
Chunn,  W.  Pawson,  1880,  Md. 
Clagett,  Benjamin  F.,  1856,  Md. 
Clagett,  Grafton  A.,  1848,  Md. 
Clagett,  Horatio,  1814,  Md. 
Clagett,  Robert  G.,  1863,  Md. 
Claggett,  James  H.,  1826,  Md. 
Claridge,  Joseph  S.,  1864,  Me. 
Clark,  Charles,  1859,  Md. 
Clark,  Charles  B.,  1882,  Miss. 
Clark,  Charles  H.,  1S80,  Pa. 
Clark,  Cheever  S.,  1887,  Ohio. 
Clark,  George  Edward,  1889,  Md. 
Clark,  Homer  L.,  1885,  Pa. 
Clark,  Joseph  C,  1880,  Md. 
Clark,  Robert,  1818,  Md. 
Clark,  S.  Corbin,  1882,  N.  Y. 
Clark,  Thaddeus  W.,  1880,  Md. 
Clarke,  Andrew  P.,  1873,  Md. 
Clarke,  Byron,  1881,  Pa. 


Clarke,  Henry  J.,  1879,  N.  C. 
Clarke,  Sydenham  R.,  1844,  Md. 
Clarvoe,  John  B.  H.  W.,  1827,  Md. 
Clary,  Jonathan,  1844,  Md. 
Claude,  Abraham,  1838,  Md. 
Claude,  Washington  C,  1875,  Md. 
Clawson,  James  E.,  1855,  Md. 
Clawson,  J.  H.,  1872,  S.  C. 
Clayton,  Lawrence  G.,  1878,  S.  C. 
Claytor,  Herbert,  1886,  Md. 
Claytor,  William  Q.,  1852,  Md. 
Cleaveland,  Anthony  B.,  1824,  Md. 
Cleaver,  J.  Harvey,  1880,  Pa. 
Clendinen,  Adam,  1829,  Md. 
Clendinen,  Alexander,  18 15,  Md. 
Clendinen,  Alexander,  1859,  Md. 
Clendinen,  Wm.  Alex.,  1840,  Md. 
Clendinen,  W.  H.,  1838,  Md. 
Clendinen,  William  H.,  1850,  Md. 
Clift,  Francis  A.,  1847,  Md. 
Cline,  Henry  C,  1876,  Va. 
Cloud,  Caleb  W.,  1827,  Md. 
Clyburn,  William  R.,  1890,  S.  C. 
Clymer,  Frank  L.,  18S6,  W.  Va. 
Coale,  Skipwith  H.,  1816,  Md. 
Coale,  Skipwith  H.,  1843,  Md, 
Coale,  William,  1827,  Md. 
Coale,  William  E.,  1836,  Md. 
Coates,  Stapleton,  1833,  Va. 
Cobb,  William  A.,  1845,  Md. 
Coble,  Aaron  C,  1885,  Pa. 
Coblentz,  Jacob,  1819,  Md. 
Cochran,  John  H.,  i860,  Md. 
Cochran,  William  W.,  1833,  Md. 
Cochran,  William  W.,  1848,  Md. 
Cochrane,  R.  McCluney,  1846,  Md. 
Cockey,  Charles,  1866,  Md. 
Cockey,  Charles  H.,  1867,  Md. 
Cockey,  Frank,  1874,  Md. 
Cockey,  John  Paul,  1817,  Md. 
Cockey,  Joseph  C,  1835,  Md. 
Cockey,  Joshua,  1818,  Md. 
Cockey,  Melchor  G.,  1879,  ^d. 
Cockrell,  William  S.,  1879,  Mo. 
Cockrill,  J.  Jackson,  1837,  Md. 
Cockrill,  J.  M.,  187 1,  Md. 


CATALOGUE    OF   ALUMNI. 


169 


Coffroth,  II.  J.,  1879,  Md. 
Cohen,  F.  P.,  1881,  Cal. 
Cohen,  Henry  M.,  1S4S,  Va. 
Cohen,  Josliua  I.,  1823,  Md. 
Coiner,  N.  I..,  1884,  Va. 
Colburn,  Edmund  F.,  1845,  Md. 
Colburn,  Hervey,  1838,  Md. 
Cole,  G.  R.  Lee,  1887,  Va. 
Cole.  Geo.  W.  A.,  1842,  Md. 
Cole,  Isaac,  1827,  Md. 
Cole,  William  J.,  1877,  Md. 
Coleman,  Edward  C,  1885,  Miss. 
Collenberg,  J.  Henry,  1879,  ^I^- 
Collier,  Thomas  H.,  1837,  Md. 
Collins,  Edward  J.,  1827,  Md. 
Collins,  George  T.,  1854,  Md. 
Collins,  John  G.,  1827,  La. 
Collins,  Rollin  P.,  1890,  Md. 
Collinson,  J.,  1872,  Md. 
Comas,  Philip  H.,  1882,  Ga. 
Combs,  Charles,  1861,  Md. 
Comegys,  Henry  C,  1854,  Md. 
Comegys,  Nathaniel,  1866,  Md. 
Compton,  Joseph  B.,  1880,  Va. 
Conaway,  Wesley,  1830,  Md. 
Conley,  H.  C,  1885,  W.  Va. 
Conner,  John  A.,  1862,  Md. 
Connor,  John  W.,  1825,  S.  C. 
Constable,  Charles  B.,  1883,  Md. 
Conway,  William  U.,  1816,  Md. 
Cook,  Elisha  J.,  1847,  Md. 
Cook,  George  W.,  1869,  Va. 
Cook,  Octavius  A.,  1862,  Md. 
Cook,  William  G.,  1833,  Va. 
Cook,  William  P.,  1827,  Va. 
Cooke,  Charles  A.,  1883,  Md. 
Cooke,  Francis  J.,  1888,  Texas. 
Cooke,  James  P.,  1858,  Md. 
Cooke,  John,  1846,  Md. 
Cooke,  Theodore,  1859,  Md. 
Cooke,  W.  J.,  1872,  N.  C. 
Coombe,  James  S.,  1835,  D.  C. 
Coombs,  Philip  F.,  1839,  Md. 
Coonan,  Daniel  S.,  1866,  Md. 
Coonan,  John  N.,  1861,  Md. 
Cooper,  George  K.,  1851,  Md. 


Coplin,  David  C,  1877,  W.  Va. 
Corbell,  E.  ¥.,  1886,  Va. 
Corbett,  Richard,  1824,  S.  C. 
Corcoran,  George,  1887,  Md. 
Cordell,  Eugene  F.,  1S68,  W.  Va. 
Cordell,  Levi  O'C,  1825,  Va. 
Corkran,  Alexander  M.,  185S,  Md. 
Corkran,  James,  1887,  Del. 
Corkran,  Millard  F.,  1884,  Md. 
Correll,  Thomas  A.,  1875,  Md. 
Corse,  George  F.,  1864,  Md. 
Corse,  William  D.,  1887,  Md. 
Corse,  W.  J.  C,  1872,  Md. 
Cort,  John  C,  1885,  Pa. 
Coskery,  Felix,  1836,  Md. 
Coskery,  Oscar  J.,  1865,  Md. 
Coskery,  William,  1827,  Md. 
Costin,  Severn  P.,  1880,  Va. 
Costin,  William  F.,  1854,  Md. 
Gotten,  J.,  1867,  N.  C. 
Cottman,  Thomas  E.  H.,  1830,  Md. 
Couch,  G.  Miller,  18S3,  Pa. 
Coudon,  James,  1813,  Md. 
Coulbourn,  Joseph  T.,  1886,  Md. 
Coulter,  Henry  S.,  1826,  Md. 
Coulter,  Mifflin,  1823,  Md. 
Councilman,  John  T.,  1844,  Md. 
Councilman,  William  T.,  1878,  Md. 
Coursault,  Ednie  Louis,  1836,  Mo. 
Covey,  Edward  N.,  1855,  Md, 
Cowles,  Joseph  L.,  1856,  Ga. 
Cowles,  Josiah  E.,  1880,  N.  C. 
Cowman,  Richard  H.,  1849,  Md. 
Cowman,  Thomas  L,  1825,  Md. 
Cox,  B.  Thaddeus,  1888,  N.  C. 
Cox,  E.  L.,  1889,  N.  C. 
Craig,  John  A.,  1830,  Md. 
Craighil],  James  M.,  1882,  Md. 
Grain,  Robert,  1851,  Md. 
Grain,  Robert,  Jr.,  1819,  Md. 
Crampton,  Joseph  K.,  1858,  Md. 
Crampton,  Louis  W.,  1869,  Md. 
Crane,  George  H.,  1869,  Md. 
Crane,  Thomas  H.,  1845,  Md. 
Crane,  William  B.,  184S,  Md. 
Crapster,  Milton  H.,  1850,  Md. 


170 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Crause,  John  L.,  1859,  Md. 
Crawford,  Abraham  N.,  1853,  Md. 
Crawford,  Basil  B.,  1S51,  Md. 
Crawford,  George  B.,  1867,  Md. 
Crawford,  James  V.,  1845,  Md, 
Crawford,  John  M.,  1836,  Md. 
Crawford,  Nathan  H.,  1835,  Va. 
Creager,  William  H.,  1835,  Md. 
Creasy,  W.  F.,  1890,  N.  C. 
Creighton,  Samuel  B.,  1S33,  Md. 
Crjm,  William  H.,  1870,  Va. 
Crogan,  JohnM.,  1868,  Md. 
Cromble,  John  B.,  1883,  Pa. 
Cromwell,  John,  1814,  — . 
Cromwell,  John  C,  1819,  Va. 
Cromwell,  William,  1836,  Md. 
Crone,  Jonathan,  1842,  Md, 
Cronise,  J.  Stoll,  1S45,  Md. 
Cronk,  Abm.  T.,  1890,  Md. 
Cronk,  Edwin  D.,  1884,  Md. 
Cronmiller,  John,  1826,  Md. 
Cronmiller,  John,  Jr.,  1856,  Md. 
Cronmiller,  Thomas  Le  P.,  1849,  Md, 
Cronmiller,  William,  1826,  Md. 
Crook,  James,  1852,  Ohio, 
Cropper,  Kendall  S.,  i860,  Md, 
Crossland,  William,  1824,  S,  C. 
Crosson,  Henry  J.,  1836,  Md. 
Crothers,  A.  C,  1888,  Md. 
Crothers,  Ransom  R.,  1873,  Md. 
Crouch,  J.  Frank,  1890,  Md. 
Cruikshank,  Harrison,  1865,  Md, 
Cruikshank,  James  A.,  1864,  La. 
Cruikshanks,  Robert,  1833,  Md. 
Crum,  C.  W.  R.,  1888,  Md. 
Crum,  J.  Henry,  1875,  Md. 
Crutchfield,  Eugene  Lee,  1887,  Md. 
Cuddy,  John  W.  C,  1863,  Md. 
Culler,  James  J.,  1848,  Md. 
Culver,  Henry,  1822,  Md. 
Cummings,  John  C,  1884,  Pa. 
Cunningham,  Chas.  T.  D.,  1852,  Md. 
Cunningham,  James  H.,  1841,  Pa. 
Curlett,  William  S.,  1829,  Va. 
Curley,  Joseph  H.,  1850,  Md. 
Currey,  James  H.,  1859,  Md, 


Currey,  W.  C,  1881,  W.  Va, 
Currey,  Wilbur  C„  1889,  Md. 
Curry,  William  H.,  1866,  Md. 
Curtis,  Henry,  1812,  Va, 
Cushing,  Wilson  R.,  1881,  Md. 

Dade,  Lawrence  T.,  1829,  Va. 
Daily,  John,  182 1,  Md. 
Dale,  Dennis  J.,  1846,  Md. 
Dallam,  Edward  P.,  1878,  Md. 
Dallam,  William  H.,  1845,  Md. 
Dalrymple,  Augustin  J.,  1854,  Md. 
Dalrymple,  William  D.,  1844,  Md. 
Daly,  Anthony,  1827,  Md. 
Danforth,  Nathaniel  B.,  1845,  Mass. 
Daniel,  John  M.,  1822,  Va. 
Daniel,  John  S.,  i860,  Va. 
Daniel,  Spencer,  1855,  N.  C. 
Daniel,  Starkie  S.,  1887,  N.  C. 
Dare,  George,  1818,  Md. 
Dare,  George  H.,  1858,  Md. 
Dare,  John,  1846,  Md. 
Darling,  E.  G.,  1882,  Md. 
Darling,  Henry,  1867,  Md. 
Darwin,  J.  T.,  1889,  S.  C, 
Dashiel,  Cadmus,  1835,  Md. 
Dashiel,  George  W.,  1817,  Md. 
Dashiel,  J.  Yellott,  1824,  Md. 
Dashiell,  Addison,  1818,  Md, 
Dashiell,  J.  W.,  1843,  Md. 
Dashiell,  Nicholas  L.,  1837,  Md. 
Dashiell,  Nicholas  L.,  Jr.,  1882,  Md. 
Dashiell,  Seth,  1819,  Md. 
Dashiell,  W.  H.  H.,  1865,  Md. 
Daugherty,  Thomas,  1848,  Md. 
Daughtridge,  William  T.,  1882,  N.C. 
Dausch,  Peter,  1868,  Md. 
Davidson,  Andrew,  1847,  Ohio. 
Davidson,  B.  R.,  1867,  Md. 
Davidson,  C.  H.  W.,  1849,  Md. 
Davidson,  Charles  F.,  1888,  Md. 
Davidson,  James,  1827,  Md. 
Davidson,  Samuel  A.,  1841,  Md. 
Davidson,  W,  S.,  1S87,  N.  C, 
Davis,  Charles  R.,  1890,  Md. 
Davis,  Charles  S.,  1S15,  Md. 


CATALOGUE   OF   ALUMNI. 


171 


Davis,  Francis  M.,  T856,  Md. 
Davis,  George  W.,  1869,  Md. 
Davis,  Gooderum,  1822,  N.  C. 
Davis,  Henry  W.,  1852,  Ind, 
Davis,  Isaac  H.,  1885,  Md. 
Davis,  James,  1822,  S.  C. 
Davis,  John,  1887,  Md. 
Davis,  John  A.,  Jr.,  1889,  N.  C. 
Davis,  John  W.,  1821,  Pa. 
Davis,  Pinkney  L.,  1S88,  Md. 
Davis,  Richard  W.,  1S21,  Md. 
Davis,  Samuel,  1817,  Md. 
Davis,  Septimus,  1824,  Md. 
Davis,  Thomas  J.,  1828,  Md. 
Davis,  William  H.,  1833,  Md. 
Davison,  Garland  H.,  1864,  Md. 
Davison,  William,  1876,  Va. 
Dawkins,  John  T.,  1858,  Md. 
Dawson,  James,  1828,  Md. 
Dawson,  J.  Alvan,  1874,  Md. 
Dawson,  J.  T.,  1871,  Md. 
Dawson,  Robert  M.,  1869,  Md. 
Dawson,  William  H.,  1856,  Md. 
Dawson,  W.  Terrell,  1880,  Md. 
Day,  Baldwin,  1883,  Va. 
Day,  Benjamin,  1821,  Md. 
Day,  Edward  W.,  1S53,  Md. 
Day,  Henry,  1S68,  Va. 
Day,  John  T.,  185 1,  Md. 
Day,  S.  T.,  1889,  Md. 
Deagan,  Henry  N.,  1826,  Md. 
Deal,  W.  Grove,  1846,  Md. 
Deale,  James  N.,  1863,  Md. 
Dean,  Francis,  1840,  N,  Y. 
De  Armon,  John  McC,  1886,  N.  C. 
Deas,  Elias  H.,  1825,  S.  C. 
Deaver,  Joshua  M.,  1843,  Md. 
De  Butts,  John,  1848,  Md. 
Deck,  Milton  B.,  1879,  Md. 
Deets,  James  E.,  1882,  Md. 
De  Ford,  Paul  F.,  1889,  Md. 
Delancy,  Denis,  1830,  Md. 
Delany,  John,  1823,  Md. 
Delashmutt,  Van  E.,  1S54,  Md. 
De  Leon,  M.  A.,  1834,  S.  C. 
Delony,  William  H.,  1819,  Md. 


Deloughery,  Edward,  1829,  Md. 
Denny,  Alexander  P.  L.,  1823,  Pa. 
Denny,  James  A,,  1817,  Pa. 
Denny,  John,  1825,  Md. 
Denny,  William,  1853,  Md. 
Dent,  George  T.,  1888,  Md. 
Dent,  Walter  15.,  1852,  Md. 
Dent,  W.  B.,  1889,  Md, 
Derieux,  J.  L.,  1883,  Tenn. 
Derr,  H.  K.,  188 1,  Md. 
Derr,  Joseph  L.,  1889,  Pa. 
De  Veber,  J.  Witt,  1886,  N.  B. 
Devilbiss,  D.  M.,  1872,  Md. 
Dew,  Samuel  B.,  1885,  N.  C. 
Dewling,  Isaiah,  i860,  Md. 
De  Yoe,  Charles  P.,  1883,  N.  J. 
Dial,  W.  Hastings,  1884,  S.  C. 
Dickerson,  Edwin  G.  P.,  1854,  Md. 
Dickerson,  Lewis  L.,  1824,  Md. 
Dickinson,  Albert  H.,  1856,  Md. 
Dickinson,  Henry  J.  P.,  1850,  Md. 
Dickinson,  Samuel  P.,  1826,  Md. 
Dickinson,  S.  W.,  1872,  Va. 
Dickson,  Benjamin,  1820,  Md. 
Dickson,  Isaac  N.,  1838,  Md. 
Dickson,  John,  1852,  Md. 
Didier,  Franklin  J.,  18 16,  Md. 
Dietrich,  William  A.,  1879,  Ind. 
Diffenderffer,  Henry,  1827,  Md. 
Diffenderffer,  Michael  N.,  1833,  Md. 
Diffenderffer,  William  H.,  1843,  Md. 
Digges,  Robert,  1850,  Md. 
Digges,  William  D.,  1837,  Md. 
Digges,  William  J.,  1842,  Md. 
Diggs,  Charles  H.,  1861,  Va. 
Dill,  Ph.  Gustav,  1885,  Md. 
Dillard,  D.  L.,  18S3,  Va. 
Diller,  C.  H.,  1872,  Md. 
Diller,  David,  1836,  Pa. 
Ditson,  Asa  M.,  1833,  Me. 
Dixon,  Basil  S.,  1S54,  Md. 
Dodge,  A.  P.,  1881,  N.  Y. 
Dodge,  Amos  P.,  1874,  N.  Y. 
Dodge,  Augustus  W.,  1864,  N.  Y. 
DoDsoN,  Robert  A.,  1859,  Md. 
Dodson,  W.  Walter,  iSSS,  S.  C. 


172 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Doerksen,  J.  Leight,  1880,  Md. 
Doerner,  John  A.,  1877,  Md. 
Dohme,  Gustavus  C,  1864,  Md. 
Donaldson,  Francis,  1846,  Md, 
Donaldson,  Frank,  Jr.,  1883,  Md. 
Donaldson,  Miles  L.,  1840,  Md. 
Donaldson,  William,  1818,  Md. 
Donavan,  James,  1846,  Md. 
Donavin,  Matthew  W.,  1866,  Pa. 
Donnelly,  J.  C,  1881,  Md. 
Donsife,  Henry  L.,  1864,  Md. 
Dorminy,  Edwin  J.,  1890,  Ga. 
Dorr,  Lucius  Bradley,  1890,  N.  Y. 
Dorsey,  Alexander  W.,  1857,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Edward  J.,  1850,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Edwin,  1825,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Frederick,  1824,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Hanson,  1833,  Md. 
Dorsey,  J.  Horatio,  1885,  Minn. 
Dorsey,  John  C,  1827,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Julius  O.,  1863,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Lloyd,  1821,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Lloyd,  Jr.,  1854,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Nicholas  J.,  1847,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Richard,  1824,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Richard  L,  1850,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Robert,  1820,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Robert  E.,  1819,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Robert  W.,  1856,  Md. 
Dorsey,  Thornton,  1853,  Md. 
Dorsey,  William  P.,  1849,  Md. 
Dorsey,  William  R.,  1825,  Md. 
Dorsey,  William  T.,  1870,  Md. 
Dougherty,  Bernard  A.,  1847,  Md. 
Douglass,  Eugene,  1889,  Md. 
Dowler,  Bennet,  1827,  Va. 
Dowling,  Henry  M.,  1827,  Va. 
Downes,  William  H.,  Jr.,  1864,  Md. 
Downey,  B.  Dorsey,  1883,  Va. 
Downey,  Jesse  W.,  1869,  Md. 
Downey,  William  A.,  1858,  Ind. 
Downing,  Stratton  B.,  1856,  Va. 
Downman,  Joseph  H.,  1826,  Va. 
Downs,  E.  L.,  t886,  Md. 
Doyle,  Augustine  D.,  1854,  Pa. 
Doyle,  Frederick  C,  1859,  Md. 


Doyle,  John  A.,  1850,  Pa. 
Doyle,  Thomas  C.,  1889,  S.  C. 
Drach,  Hansom  M.,  1852,  Md. 
Drach,  J.  H.,  1880,  Md. 
Drewry,  Madison  R.,  1887,  Va. 
Drought,  Albert  M.,  1888,  Md. 
Drummond,  William  F.,  1850,  Va. 
Drury,  John  J.,  1825,  Md. 
Du  Bose,  D.  St.  P.,  1886,  S.  C. 
Duckett,  B.  Furraan,  1884,  S.  C. 
Duckett,  Richard  J.,  1866,  Md. 
Duckett,  Thomas  B  ,  1824,  Md. 
Dudderow,  John  W.,  1866,  Md. 
Dudley,  S.  C,  1867,  Md. 
Dugas,  Louis  Alexander,  1827,  Ga. 
Du  Hadway,  John,  1887,  Md. 
Du  Hamel,  William  J.  C,  1849,  Md. 
Duke,  Basil,  1834,  Ky. 
Duke,  James,  1820,  Md. 
Duke,  James  J.,  1856,  Md. 
Dukes,  A.  €.,  1871,  S.  C. 
Dulaney,  J.  Lambert,  1868,  Md. 
Dulaney,  William  H.,  1859,  Md. 
Dulin,  Alexander  F.,  1878,  Md. 
Dunan,  Adolphus,  1827,  Md. 
Duncan,  Charles  G.,  1881,  Ohio. 
Duncan,  Edward  M.,  1884,  Md. 
Duncan,  James  J.,  1854,  Pa. 
Dunkel,  Ernestus  A.,  1815,  Md. 
Dunlap,  Albert,  1864,  Md. 
Dunlap,  George  W.,  1823,  S.  C. 
Dunn,  Conolly  L.,  1879,  Va. 
Dunn,  Edward  H.,  1869,  Md. 
Dunn,  Thomas  H.,  1851,  Va. 
Durkin,  William  €.,  1841,  Va. 
Dusenbery,  E.  La  F.,  1849,  N.  C. 
Duvall,  Alexander,  1826,  Md. 
Duvall,  Howard  M.,  1830,  Md. 
Duvall,  Ph.  Barton,  1837,  Md. 
Duvall,  Philip  B.,  1859,  Md. 
Duvall,  Washington,  1820,  D.  C. 
Duvall,  William  W.,  1843,  Md. 
Duvall,  Wirt  A.,  1888,  Md. 
Dwight,  Francis  Marion,  1889,  S.  C. 
Dyson,  Robert,  1850,  Md. 


CATALOGUE    OF   ALUMNI. 


173 


Eakle,  J.  Everett,  1889,  Va. 
Ealer,  Peter  G.,  1823,  Md. 
Eareckson,  Edwin,  i860,  Md. 
Eareckson,  Roderick  \V.,  1848,  Md. 
Eareckson,  William  K.,  1890,  Md. 
Earhart,  J.  H.  T.,  1888,  Md. 
Earle,  John  C,  1845,  Md. 
Earle,  Samuel  T.,  1870,  Md. 
Early,  William  \V.,  1868,  Md. 
Eastman,  Lewis  M.,  1859,  Md. 
Ebaiigh,  Andrew  J.,  1848,  Md. 
Ebaugh,  Irvin,  1889,  Md. 
Ebert,  Edwin,  1850,  Pa. 
Eccleston,  John  C,  1850,  Md. 
Eckenrode,  U.  Myers,  1868,  Pa. 
Edelen,  Benjamin,  1837,  Md, 
Edelen,  Philip  K.,  1815,  Md. 
Edelen,  Philip  R.,  1841,  Md. 
Edelen,  William  J.,  1825,  Md, 
Edelin,  Alfred,  1850,  Md. 
Edelin,  Edward  V.,  1848,  Md. 
Edelin,  Henry  C,  i860,  Md. 
Edmonds,  Henry  J.,  1855,  Va. 
Edmondson,  Thomas,  Jr.,  1834,  Md. 
Edmunds,  H.  J.,  1887,  Va. 
Edmunds,  William  T.,  1882,  S.  C. 
Edrington,  Edmund  G.,  1825,  Va. 
Edwards,  Alexander  E.,  1861,  Md. 
Egerton,  James  L.,  1S77,  N.  C. 
Eichelberger,  Charles  D.,  1868,  Md. 
Eichelberger,  James  W.,  1827,  Md. 
Eichelberger,  James  W.,  1870,  Md. 
Eilau,  E.  W,,  1879,  Md. 
Eisenhart,  William  H.,  1868,  Pa. 
Elam,  Albert  M.,  1829,  Va. 
Elbert,  Joseph,  1821,  Md. 
Elderdice,  James  L.,  1878,  Pa. 
Elgin,  W.  F.,  1887,  Md. 
Eliason,  James  C,  1826,  D.  C. 
Ellerbe,  Crawford,  1S28,  S.  C. 
Ellery,  William  E.,  1844,  Md. 
Ellicott,  Lindley,  1870,  Md. 
Elliott,  John,  1827,  Md. 
Elliott,  Thomas  M.,  1853,  Md. 
Ellis,  Robert  H.  P.,  1877,  Md. 
Elmer,  Gilbert  E.,  1826,  La. 


Elwes,  Alfred  W.  H..  1820,  Pa. 
Emack,  A.  F,  Dulin,  1875,  Md. 
Emmitt,  John  M  ,  1885,  N.  C. 
Emory,  Augustine  W.,  1852,  Md. 
Emory,  Daniel  C.  H.,  1849,  M<^- 
Emory,  John  K.  B.,  1822,  Md. 
Emory,  Richard,  1861,  Md. 
Emory,  Thomas  H.,  1827,  Md. 
England,  Frank  F.,  1868,  Md. 
Englar,  James  W.  J.,  1870,  Md. 
Engle,  O.  C,  1887,  Pa. 
Ennett,  W.  T.,  1867,  N.  C. 
Ensor,  L  Fulton,  1862,  Md. 
Eppes,  Victor  Moreau,  18S2,  Va. 
Epting,  R.  Berley,  1885,  S.  C. 
Erich,  Augustus  F.,  1861,  Md. 
Ervin,  Robert  W..  1813,  S.  C. 
Eschbach,  Joseph  A.,  1S54,  Md. 
Esgate,  John,  1864,  Md. 
Espin,  Jose  R.,  1856,  Cuba. 
Etchison,  Elisha  C,  1874,  Md. 
Eubank,  Thomas  D.,  1857,  Va. 
Evans,    Richard    D.,     1886,     South 

Wales. 
Evans,  Sidney,  1827,  Md. 
Evans,  William  W.,  1866,  Md. 
Everett,  W.  B.,  1862,  Md. 
Everhart,  George  H.,  1890,  Md. 
Everhart,  George  Y.,  1885,  Md. 
Everhart,  Oliver  T,,  1856,  Md. 
Eversfield,  John  T.,  1859,  Md. 
Ewell,  Augustus  D.  F.,  1864,  Va. 
Ewing,  John,  1857,  Md. 
Ezell,  Lafayette,  1829,  Tenn. 

Fadeley,  George  B.,  1889,  Va. 
Fahnestock,  Peter,  1843,  P^- 
Fairall,  Truman  E.,  1873,  ^'^• 
Fairbank,  Samuel,  1862,  Md. 
Falls,  Oliver  G.,  1881,  N.  C. 
Parish,  Edward  T.,  1820,  Va. 
Farmer,  John  W.,  1868,  Va. 
Farnandis,  George  G.,  1852,  Md. 
Fauntleroy,  Robert  B.,  1854,  Va. 
Favorite,  John,  1858,  Md. 
Fawcett,  Christopher,  1S64,  Md. 


174 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Fay,  George  W,,  i860,  Md. 
Fearing,  Woodson  B.,  1881,  N.  C. 
Fearington,  Joseph  P.,  1887,  N.  C. 
Fearn,  Thomas  S.,  1890,  Md. 
Feddeman,  William  H.,  1888,  Va. 
Feeser,  Hezron  R.,  1886,  Pa. 
Fenby,  Edwin  B.,  1878,  Md. 
Fendall,  Joshua  F.  C,  1850,  Md. 
Fenton,  G.  A.,  1875,  Md. 
P'enwick,  Leo,  1821,  Mo. 
Fenwick,  Martin,  1813,  La. 
Ferebee,  N.  M.,  1871,  N.  C. 
Ferguson,  David  C,  1855,  Va. 
Ferguson,  Oscar  A.,  1849,  ^^^ 
Ferguson,  Robert,  1829,  Md. 
Fetterhoff,  Ira  L.,  1885,  Md. 
Few,  Columbus,  1875,  S.  C. 
Fickes,  G.  Milton,  1885,  Pa. 
Field,  John  W.,  i860,  Va. 
Field,  Philip  S.,  1852,  Md. 
Fiery,  Samuel  V.,  1888,  W.  Va. 
Filler,  Charles  W.,  1876,  Va. 
Finch,  Edward  W.,  1868,  Va. 
Findley,  Joshua  A.,  18S4,  W.  Va. 
Finley,  Joseph  L.,  1884,  Md. 
Finley,  S.  C,  1867,  Md. 
Finley,  Washington,  1835,  Md. 
Finney,  Crawley,  1823,  Va. 
Firey,  Lewis  Beall,  1890,  Va. 
Fishel,  Henry  W.,  1886,  Pa. 
Fisher,  George  M.,  1862,  Md. 
Fisher,  Jacob,  1821,  Del. 
Fisher,  James,  1823,  Md. 
Fisher,  John,  1824,  Md. 
Fisher,  Samuel  G.,  1854,  Md. 
Fisher,  Samuel  G.,  Jr.,  1890,  Md. 
Fisher,  William,  1816,  Md. 
Fisher,  William  F.,  1856,  Va. 
Fiske,  John  D.,  1875,  Md. 
Fitzhugh,  Francis  C,  1824,  Va. 
Fitzhugh,  George  W.,  1836,  Va. 
Fitzhugh,  Henry  W.,  1825,  Va. 
Fitzhugh,  John,  1817,  Md. 
Fitzhugh,  William  H.,  1850,  Md. 
Flannery,  Francis  J.,  1880,  Md. 
Fleming,  D.  L.,  1861,  Md. 


Fleming,  George  A.,  1884,  Md. 
Fleming,  Jenorious  K.,  1852,  Md. 
Fleming,  John  P.,  1851,  Pa. 
Fleming,  Robert,  1857,  Va. 
Flint,  James  M.,  1852,  Md. 
Flint,  Joseph,  1834,  Md. 
Flournoy,  Peter  C,  1851,  Va. 
Flowers,  Millard  F.,  1873,  Pa. 
Floyd,  Alva  G.,  1885,  N.  C. 
Floyd,  William  G.,  1878,  Ga. 
Follansbee,  James  M.,  1846,  D.  C. 
Fonerdin,  John,  1823,  Md. 
Fontaine,  J.  McL.  R.,  1851,  Md. 
Fooks,  Kendall,  1833,  Del. 
Forbes,  J.  Smith,  1876,  Ind. 
Ford,  Henry  A.,  1843,  Md. 
Foreman,  E.  Knox,  1862,  Md. 
Forman,  Alfred  J.,  1827,  Md. 
Forman,  William  B.,  1867,  Fla. 
Forney,  Cornelius  W.,  1851,  Md. 
Forrest,  Moreau,  1826,  D.  C. 
Fort,  Alfred  J.,  1827,  Md. 
Forwood,  Parker,  1821,  Md. 
Foster,  Henry  Costello,  1889,  Md. 
Fowler,  Allen,  1867,  W.  Va. 
Fowler,  Edward,  Jr.,  1858,  Md. 
Fowler,  James  C. ,  1857,  Md. 
Fowler,  John  E.,  1847,  Md. 
Fowlkes,  Francis  V.,  1887,  Va. 
Frailey,  Charles  S.,  1825,  Md. 
Frampton,  Lingard  A.,  1834,  S.  C. 
France,  George  W.,  1852,  Md. 
France,  J.  William  P.,  1890,  Md. 
Frank,  Samuel  L.,  1862,  Md. 
Franklin,  Benjamin  G.,  1866,  Md. 
Franklin,  James  A.,  i860,  Md. 
Franklin,  Thomas  J.,  1834,  Md. 
Eraser,  Edward  C,  1883,  Pa. 
Frasher,  Elmer  F.,  1887,  W.  Va. 
Frazier,  John,  Jr.,  1820,  Md. 
Fredlock,   Armistead  M.,  1S89,  W. 

Va. 
Free,  Adam  C,  1865,  Pa. 
Free,  George  B.  M.,  1883,  Pa. 
tree,  John  L.,  1848,  Pa. 
Freeland,  Edward  H.,  1826,  Md. 


CATALOGUE   OF    ALUMNI. 


175 


Freeman,  H.  U.,  1877,  N.  C. 
Freeny,  G.  W.,  1862,  Md. 
French,  George,  1823,  Va. 
French,  R.  Melville,  1844,  Pa. 
Frey,  Robert  R.,  1S6S,  W.  Va. 
Frey,  William,  Jr.,  1852,  Md. 
Frick,  J.  Charles,  1845,  ^d. 
Friedenwald,  Aaron,  i860,  Md. 
Frierson,  Wickliffe,  1874,  Tenn. 
Fringer,  Winfield  K.,  1866,  Md. 
Frontis,  David  B.,  1S80,  N.  C. 
Frost,  Henry,  1843,  Md. 
Frost,  Henry  P.,  1889,  Va. 
Frum,  L.  D.,  1883,  Pa. 
Frush,  Carroll  V.,  1866,  Md. 
Frush,  Moreau  F.,  1863,  Md. 
Fry,  Henry  D.,  1876,  D.  C. 
Fulks,  James  S.,  1864,  Md. 
Fuller,  A.  R.,  1884,  Tenn. 
Fulton,  John  S.,  1881,  Md. 
Fulton,  Robert,  1827,  Md. 
Fulton,  Robert,  i860,  Md. 
Funck,  J.  William,  1S88,  Md. 
Furman,  Davis,  1882,  S.  C. 
Fussel,  Bartholomew,  1824,  Md. 

Gaddy,  John  A.,  1890,  N.  C. 
Gaither,  Abram  B.,  1887,  Md. 
Gale,  Frank,  i860,  Md. 
Gale,  H.  E.,  1885,  Md, 
Gale,  V.  W.,  1873,  Va. 
Gall,  E.  Doudon,  1887,  W.  Va. 
Galligher,  Henry  P.,  1879,  Md. 
Galloway,  J.  Busey,  1875,  Md. 
Galloway,  John,  1847,  Md. 
Galloway,  Thomas  K.,  1876,  Md. 
Gait,  John  M.,  1830,  Md. 
Gamble,  Cary  B.,  1846,  Md. 
Gamble,  Cary  B.,  1887,  Md. 
Gamble,  John  G.,  1843,  Fla. 
Gamble,  Robert  G.,  1884,  Fla. 
Gambrill,  Amos  G.,  1826,  Md. 
Gambrill,  W.  Bartlett,  1878,  Md. 
Gantt,  H.  Baldwin,  1880,  Md. 
Gantt,  Thomas  C,  1841,  Md. 
Gantt,  William  T.,  1826,  Md. 


Gardiner,  lienedict  J.,  1835,  Md. 
Gardiner,  Charles  L.,  1820,  Md. 
Gardiner,  J.  B.  Walbach,  1866,  Md. 
Gardner,  F.  B.,  1867,  Md. 
Gardner,  H.  W.,  1861,  N.  C. 
Gardner,  Joseph  N.,  1889,  Va. 
Garlick,  Theodatus,  1834,  Ohio. 
Garner,  Henry  G.,  1869,  Md. 
Garner,  John  E.,  1842,  Md. 
Garnett,  Alfred  H.,  1833,  Va. 
Garnett,  Joseph,  1820,  Va. 
Garnett,  William,  1828,  Va. 
Garr,  B.  F.,  1S61,  Va. 
Garrett,  Frank  J.,  1889,  N.  C. 
Garrett,  R.  Edward,  1890,  Md. 
Garrott,  Erasmus,  1856,  Md. 
Garrolt,  John  D.,  1826,  Md. 
Garrott,  John  E.,  i85i,Md. 
Garry,  James,  1830,  Md. 
Garry,  Michael  M.,  1846,  Md. 
Garverich,  Frank  H.,  1888,  Pa. 
Gassaway,  Thomas  J.,  1825,  Md. 
Gates,  Elijah,  1824,  S.  C. 
Gattis,  R.  L.,  1888,  N.  C. 
Gaulden,  Samuel  S.,  1886,  Ga. 
Gaver,  William  E.,  1888,  Md. 
Gavin,  F.  Denton,  1874,  Md. 
Gay,  William  F.,  1882,  Ga. 
Gazzam,  Joseph  P.,  1834,  Pa. 
Gehrman,  Albert  J.,  1869,  Md. 
Geiger,  John  D.  G.,  1863,  Md. 
Gemmill,  W^m.  McBride,  1822,  Del. 
George,  Archibald,  1854,  Md. 
George,  E.,  1872,  Md. 
Gerry,  E.  H.,  1867,  Pa. 
Gerry,  Nathaniel  R.,  1864,  Md. 
Gerstell,  Richard,  1873,  W^  Va. 
Gerstell,  Robert,  1873,  W.  Va. 
Getty,  Oliver  G.,  1878,  Md. 
Getz,  Charles,  1879,  Md. 
Ghiselin,  James  T.,  1852,  Md. 
Ghiselin,  William.  1834,  Md. 
Gibbons,  Alex.  M.,  186S,  Ohio. 
Gibbons,  Edwin  P.,  1S62,  Md. 
Gibbs,  Edmund  C,  18S4,  Del. 
Gibson,  Alexander  E.,  1S65,  Md. 


176 


THE    UNIVERSITY    OF    MARYLAND. 


Gibson,  George  S.,  1823,  Va. 
Gibson,  George  S.,  1856,  Md. 
Gibson,  James,  1846,  Pa. 
Gibson,  John  C,  1848,  Md. 
Gibson,  J.  Gerard,  1883,  Pa. 
Gibson,  John  St.  P.,  1858,  Va. 
Gibson,  M.  W.,  1884,  N.  C. 
Gibson,  Thomas  S.,  1887,  Va. 
Gibson,  William,  Jr.,  1846,  Md. 
Gichner,  Joseph,  1890,  Md. 
Giddings,  William  V.,  1868,  Va, 
Giger,  Frederick  S.,  1844,  Md. 
Gilbert,  George  M.,  1847,  Del. 
Giles,  Alfred  B.,  1S80,  Md. 
Gill,  W,  F.,  186 1,  Md. 
Gillam,  Francis,  1861,  N.  C. 
Gillard,  Arthur  E.,  1887,  Mass. 
Gilleland,  Charles  J.,  1835,  Pa. 
Gillespie,  George  W.,  1880,  Md. 
Gilliland,  Robert  J.,  1883,  S.  C. 
Gillingham,  Ezra,  18 16,  Md. 
Gillis,  John  P.  R.,  1829,  Md. 
Gillon,  Victor,  Jr.,  1829,  Md. 
Gilnian,  Judson,  1845,  N.  H. 
Gilmer,  Peachy  H.,  1835,  Va. 
Gilpin,  George  E.,  1882,  D.  C. 
Gilpin,  John,  1827,  Md. 
Gimenez,  Gabriel,  1875,  Porto  Rico. 
Gittings,  David  S.,  18 18,  Md. 
Glacken,  Joseph,  1855,  Md. 
Glacken,  Michael,  1859,  Md. 
Gladfelter,  J,  Allen,  1878,  Pa. 
Glascock,  A.  B.,  1888,  W.  Va. 
Glassell,  Robert  T.,  1886,  Va. 
Glenn,  William  E.,  1856,  Va. 
Glisan,  Rodney,  1849,  Md. 
Glocker,  Theodore,  1861,  Md, 
Gloninger,  John  W.,  1841,  Pa. 
Godman,  John  D.,  1S18,  Md. 
Golder,  George,  1844,  Md. 
Goldsborough,  Charles,  1823,  Md. 
Goldsborough,  Chas.  W.,  1863,  Md. 
Goldsborough,  Edward  Y.,  1825,  Md. 
Goldsborough,  Griffin  W.,  1838,  Md. 
Goldsborough,  Henry  T.,  1852,  Md. 
Goldsborough,  John,  1857,  Md. 


Goldsborough,    Leander    W.,    1828, 

Md. 
Goldsborough,  Robert  G.,  1820,  Md. 
Goldsmith,  Robert  H.,  1852,  Md. 
Goodman,  Hector  M.,  1881,  Md. 
Gordon,  Basil  F.,  1864,  Md. 
Gordon,  James  W.  W.,  1836,  Md. 
Gordon,  John  L.  M.,  1845,  Ohio. 
Gordon,  L.  Charles,  1877,  Md. 
Gordon,  Samuel  H.,  1822,  Va. 
Gore,  James,  1867,  Md. 
Gore,  William,  1842,  Pa. 
Gorgas,  Ferdinand  J.  S.,  1863,  Md. 
Gorgas,  Laurence  De  L.,  1883,  Md. 
Gorman,  Robert,  1852,  Fla. 
Gorsuch,  J.  Edmund,  1874,  Md. 
Gorsuch,  James  F.  H.,  1876,  Md. 
Gorsuch,  William  S.,  1888,  Md. 
Gorter,  Nathan  R.,  1879,  Md. 
Gott,  Lewis  E.,  1861,  D.  C. 
Gott,  Richard  T.,  1868,  Md. 
Gough,  Dixon,  1844,  Md. 
Gough,  Richard  T.,  1849,  Md. 
Gouldin,  J.  Milton,  1861,  Va. 
Graff,  George  B.,  1836,  Ind. 
Grafton,  William  H.,  1849,  Md. 
Graham,  George  R.,  1883,  Md. 
Graham,  William  A.,  1881,  Md. 
Grammer,  Frederick  L.,  1S26,  Md. 
Grant,  Henry  A.,  1834,  Ga. 
Gray,  Albert  W.,  1852,  Va. 
Gray,  Benjamin  R.,  1842,  Md. 
Gray,  James  R.,  1819,  Ky. 
Gray,  John  T.,  1837,  Md. 
Gray,  Samuel,  1858,  Md. 
Green,  G.  F.,  1871,  Ga. 
Green,  Hugh  R.,  1867,  Va. 
Green,  John  S.,  1882,  Md. 
Green,  Richard  H.,  1859,  Md. 
Green,  Thomas  R.,  1S67,  Md. 
Greene,  Triplett  C,  1833,  Va. 
Greenley,  William,  1862,  Md. 
Greenly,  Thomas  W.,  1888,  Md. 
Greentree,  Hiram,  1855,  Md. 
Greenway,  Gilbert  C,  1868,  Va. 
Greenwood,  Caleb  B.,  1S25,  Ga. 


CATALOGUE    OF    ALUMNI. 


177 


Greetham,  John  W.,  1833,  Md. 
Gregg,  Cornelius  K.,  1879,  Texas. 
Gregg,  H.  W.,  1871,  Va. 
Grier,  Arthur  S.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Grieves,  Horatio  G.,  1828,  Md. 
Griffin,  John  S.,  1878,  N.  C. 
Griffith,  Alfred,  1866,  Md. 
Griffith,  Edward,  1826,  Md. 
Griffith,  Edward  J.,  1852,  Md. 
Griffith,  George  R.,  1857,  Miss. 
Griffith,  Lewis,  1818,  Md. 
Griffith,  Lycurgus  E.,  1833,  Md. 
Griffith,  Robert  H.,  1824,  Del. 
Griffith.  S.  H.,  1S90,  S.  C. 
Griffith,  William  B.,  1870,  Md. 
Griggs,  Harvey  Melvin,  1890,  Md. 
Grimes,  Gassaway  S.,  1838,  Md. 
Grimes,  John  H.,  186S,  Md. 
Grimes,  William  H.,  182S,  Md. 
Grimes,  William  K.,  1S42,  Md. 
Groff,  J.  Humphreys,  1866,  N.  J. 
Gross,  Henry,  1S42,  Md. 
Gross,  H.  B.,  1871,  Md. 
Gross,  John  I.,  Jr.,  1865,  Md. 
Groton,  William  D.,  1879,  Va. 
Grove,  Augustus  G.,  1845,  ^^d. 
Grove,  B.  Frank,  Jr.,  1877,  Md. 
Grove,  Frank  W^,  1S80,  Va. 
Grove,  Fullerton  A.,  1862,  Md. 
Grove,  W.  R.,  1865,  Md. 
Groves,  Benjamin  B.,  1865,  Del. 
Grymes,  Robert  C.  N.,  1830,  Va. 
Guidry,  Alexis  O.,  1842,  La. 
Gullat,  Charles  A.,  1824,  Va. 
Gunby,  Hiram  H.,  1855,  Md. 
Gunby,  John,  1830,  Md. 
Gunn,  John  P.,  1841,  Md. 
Gunter,  Enos  F.,  184S,  Va. 
Gurley,  James  W.,  1S74,  S.  C. 
Guy,  James  C,  1837,  Va. 
Guyton,  B.  Augustus,  1S69,  Md. 
Gwinn,  William  B.,  1827,  Md. 
Gwynn,  Charles  L.,  i860,  Va. 
Gwynn,  William  H.,  1857,  Md. 

Hadel,  Albert  K.,  1SS9,  Md. 


Haefner,  G.  A.,  1S67,  Md. 
Hagerty,  Edward,  1843,  Md. 
Hahn,  Samuel,  1875,  ^'-  J- 
Haig,  William,  1848,  Md. 
Haile,  James  T.,  1886,  Va. 
Hains,  Franklin  W.,  18SS,  Va. 
Hall.Albon  E.,  1866,  Ohio. 
Hall,  Benjamin  R.,  1841,  Md. 
Hall,  Daniel  D.,  1828,  Va. 
Hall,  Dudley  M.,  1886,  N.  Y. 
Hall,  Edward  M.,  1841,  Md. 
Hall,  Estep,  1844,  Md. 
Hall,  E.  T.  Wade,  18S5,  W.  Va. 
Hall,  George  N.,  1837.  Md. 
Hall,  James,  1846,  N.  Y. 
Hall,  James  B.,  1868,  N.  C. 
Hall,  John  E.,  1856,  Md. 
Hall,  Julius,  1841,  Md. 
Hall,  J.  Thomas,  1847,  Md. 
Hall,  Rezin  W.,  1874,  W.  Va. 
Hall,  Thomas  B.,  1826,  Md. 
Hall,  Thomas  McKean,  1820,  Pa. 
Hall,  Thomas  Parry,  1816,  Md. 
Hall,  William  Fletcher,  1885,  Md. 
Hall,  William  H.  D.,  1833,  Md. 
Halsey,  B.  Bartow,  1885,  Va. 
Hamilton,  Alexander  D.,  1856,  Md. 
Hamilton,  Hugh,  1825,  Va. 
Hamilton,  James,  1838,  Md. 
Hamilton,  Samuel  H.,  1S69,  Md. 
Hamilton,  Sum'rfield  P.,  1S47,  Md. 
Hamilton,  William  A.,  1869,  Md. 
Hammer,  M.  E.,  1S90,  Md. 
Hammond,  George,  1854,  Md. 
Hammond,  James  R.,  1866,  Md. 
Hammond,  John  W.,  1825,  Md. 
Hammond,  Milton,  1850,  Pa. 
Hammond,  Nicholas,  1S23,  Md. 
Hammond,  R.  L.,  1882,  Md, 
Hammond,  Thomas,  1823,  Md. 
Hammond,  Thomas  W.,  1849,  ^I<^- 
Hammond,  W^illiam,  1821,  Md. 
Hammond,  William,  1847,  Mo. 
Hammond,  William  M.,  1845,  Md. 
Hammontree,  John  S.,  1855,  Ohio. 
Hance,  Thomas  C,  1849,  Md. 


178 


THE    UNIVERSITY   OF    MARYLAND. 


Hand,  Emanuel  K.  J.,  1826,  Md. 
Handy,  Littleton  D.,  1828,  Md. 
Handy,  Samuel  K.,  1821,  Md. 
Handy,  Thomas  H.,  1824,  Del. 
Handy,  William  N,,  1874,  Md. 
Handy,  William  W.,  1819,  Md. 
Hanna,  Albert  A.,  1875,  ^^• 
Hanna,  George  S.,  1858,  Md. 
Harbaugh,  Chas.  V.  L.,  1889,  Ind. 
Harby,  Thomas  J.,  1829,  Md. 
Hardcastle,  Ed.  M.,  Jr.,  1889,  Md. 
Harden,  John  H.,  1887,  N.  C. 
Hardey,  George  J.,  1824,  Md. 
Hardey,  Thomas  E.,  1849,  ^^<3' 
Hardey,  William  H.,  1S52,  Md. 
Hardin,  Edward  K.,  1885,  S.  C. 
Harding,  Hiram  W.,  i860,  Va. 
Hardy,  William  G.,  1827,  Md. 
Hargis,  C,  F.,  1890,  Md. 
Hargrove,  Charles  Budwood,    1890, 

N.  C. 
Hargrove,  Robert  H.,  1877,  N.  C. 
Harker,  J.  F.,  1871,  Md. 
Harker,  Richard  M.  J.,  1858,  Md. 
Harkins,  J.  W.,  1871,  Md. 
Harlan,  Herbert,  1879,  Md. 
Harlan,  Reuben  S.,  1842,  Md. 
Harley,  John  H.,  1857,  Md. 
Harman,  John  D.,  1867,  Md. 
Harmon,  G.  E.  H.,  1872,  Del. 
Harper,  Charles  W.,  1869,  Md. 
Harper,  Goodwyn  H.,  1822,  Va. 
Harper,  Isaac  S.,  1864,  Md. 
Harper,  James,  1817,  D.  C. 
Harper,  Robert  W.,  1815, — . 
Harper,  Samuel,  1827,  Md. 
Harrell,  Abraham,  1833,  Va. 
Harrell,  Francis  W.,  1879,  Md. 
Harrell,  James  J.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Harrell,  William  B.,  1849,  N.  C. 
Harrington,  J.  Oliver,  1875,  Md. 
Harrington,  John  C,  1869,  Md. 
Harrington,  John  E.,  1873,  Md. 
Harris,  Adam  C,  1850,  N.  C. 
Harris,  Chapman,  1856,  Md. 
Harris,  Charles  C,  1883,  Md, 


Harris,  George,  1823,  Md. 
Harris,  George  W.,  1826,  Va. 
Harris,  J.  E.,  1883,  Mo. 
Harris,  James  C,  18S3,  S.  C. 
Harris,  James  E.,  18S6,  Md. 
Harris,  John  C,  1862,  Md. 
Harris,  John  W.,  1870,  Va. 
Harris,  Joseph,  1869,  Md. 
Harris,  Mackall,  1836,  Md. 
Harris,  Thomas  B.,  1834,  Md. 
Harrison,  Archie  C,  1887,  Va. 
Harrison,  Aristides  S.,  1888,  N.  C. 
Harrison,  H.  T.,  1874,  Va. 
Harrison,  John  S.,  1837,  Va. 
Harrison,  Samuel  A.,  1843,  Md. 
Harrod,  John,  1834,  Md. 
Harrow,  Charles  A.,  1819,  Va. 
Harrow,  John  W.,  1853,  Md. 
Hart,  J.  B.,  1883,  Md. 
Hart,  William,  1852,  La. 
Hartman,  Jacob  H.,  1869,  Md. 
Harvey,  G.  B.,  1877,  W.  Va. 
Harwood,  Benjamin,  1844,  Md. 
Harwood,  Richard,  1835,  Md. 
Haskins,  Carter,  1869,  Md. 
Hatton,  Richard  M.  S.,  i860,  Md. 
Haw,  Henry,  1820,  D.  C. 
Hawkins,  H.  S.,  1822,  Md. 
Hawkins,  J.  Weems,  1865,  Md. 
Hawkins,  John  A.,  1853,  Va. 
Hawkins,  John  B.,  1825,  Md. 
Hawkins,  Peter  W.,  1852,  Md. 
Hawkins,  Theophilus,  1819,  Md. 
Haxall,  Robert  W.,  1826,  Va. 
Hay,  Jacob,  1855,  Pa. 
Hay,  John,  1848,  Pa. 
Hayden,  Horace  H.,  1840,  Md. 
Haynes,  George  W.,  1857,  Miss. 
Haynes,  J.  W.  Dorsey,  18S9,  Va. 
Hays,  Archer,  1S58,  Md. 
Hays,  George  T.,  1850,  Va. 
Hays,  Jacob,  1823,  Pa. 
Hays,  John  J.,  1819,  Md. 
Hays,  Joseph  C,  1824,  Md. 
Hays,  Joseph  G.,  1834,  Va. 
Hays,  T.  Heyward,  1886,  S.  C. 


CATALOGUE    OF   ALUMNI. 


179 


Hazlehurst,  Abraham  M.,  1825,  I'a. 
Heagy,  George  W.,  1850,  Mel. 
Healey,  Thomas  A.,  1835,  Md. 
Healy,  James  E.,  1S55,  Md. 
Heard,  Edward  J.,  1844,  La. 
Hearn,  John  L.,  1846,  Md. 
Heath,  Horace  M.,  i860,  Va. 
Heaton,  Albert,  1827,  Md. 
Heaton,  Eppa  H.,  1889,  Va. 
Heaton,  Vincent  B.,  1851,  Md. 
Hebb,  John  W.,  i860,  Md. 
Hebrack,  E.  R.,  1889,  Pa. 
Hebrank,  J.  Fuller,  1S83,  Pa. 
Hedges,  H.  Slicer,  1883,  W.  Va. 
Heerman,  Adolphus  L.,  1846,  Md. 
Heffenger,  Arthur  C,  1875,  Md. 
Heffenger,  C.  Warwick,  1881,  Md. 
Heighe,  James,  Jr.,  1822,  Md. 
Heiner,  John,  1846,  Md. 
Heldrick,  Phillipp,  1883,  Germany. 
Hellen,  William  D.,  1856,  Md. 
Helm,  Meredith,  1S25,  Md. 
Helmsley,  William,  1845,  ^d. 
Helsby,  Thomas  H.,  1859,  Md. 
Hemmeter,  John  C,  1884,  Md. 
Henderson,  Charles  B.,  1858,  Md. 
Henderson,  R.  B.,  Jr.,  18S4,  N.  C. 
Henderson,  W.  B.,  1887,  N.  C. 
Hendricks,  N.  M.,  1885,  W.  Va. 
Hendrix,  Henry  A.,  1855,  Pa. 
Hendrix,  Joseph  W.,  1S49,  Pa. 
Hengst,  William  F,,  1876,  Md. 
Henkel,  Charles  Bernard,  1889,  Md. 
Henkle,  Eli  J.,  1850,  Md. 
Henry,  Edward  H.,  1835,  Va. 
Henry,  Robert  J.,  1846,  Md. 
Henry,  Robert  J.,  1866,  Md. 
Henry,  Robert  S.,  1883,  Md. 
Henry,  Thomas  Y.,  1841,  Va. 
Herbert,  William  P.,  1818,  Md. 
Hering,  Edwin  A.,  1855,  Md. 
Hering,  Joseph  T.,  1885,  Md. 
Hering,  Joshua  W.,  1855,  Md. 
Herman,  Henry  S.,  1876,  Md. 
Hermange,  Anthony,  1826,  Md. 
Herndon,  Brodie  S.,  1829,  Va. 


Herndon,  Edwin,  1830,  Va. 
Heslip,  Thomas,  1827,  Md. 
Hetrick,  Horace  B.,  188S,  Pa. 
Hewitt,  Charles,  1868,  Md. 
Plewitt,  George  W.,  1854,  Pa. 
Hewitt,  Rezin  D.,  1825,  Md. 
Hicks,  Charles  J.  J.,  1877,  Ga. 
Higgins,  H.  Lot,  1853,  Va. 
Higgins,  James,  1839,  Md. 
Plighberger,  William  T.,  1883,  Md. 
Hilgartner,  Henry  L.,  1889,  Md. 
Hill,  Alexander,  1S74,  Md. 
Hill,  Charles  H.,  1846,  Md. 
Hill,  Eugene  W.,  1886,  N.  H. 
Hill,  George,  1823,  Va. 
Hill,  H.  F.,  1877,  Ala. 
Hill,  J.  Shelton,  1871,  Ala. 
Hill,  Joseph  H.,  1845,  Mo. 
Hill,  L.  Theophilus,  1882,  S.  C. 
Hill,  Norman  F.,  1882,  Md. 
Hill,  Rhydon  G.,  1823,  S.  C. 
Hill,  T.L.,  1872,  Md. 
Hill,  W.  Junius,  1889,  N.  C. 
Hilleary,  W.  M.,  i860,  Md. 
Hilliard,  Robert  C,  1843,  Va. 
Hilton,  Julius  J.,  1886,  N.  C. 
Hinchman,  William  A.,  1873,  ^^^ 
Hines,  Philip  John,  1838,  Md. 
Hines,  William  M.,  1846,  Md. 
Hinkle,  George  W.,  1826,  Pa. 
Hinkley,  Hargrove,  1847,  Md. 
Hintze,  Frederick  E.  B.,  1823,  Md. 
Hitch,  Samuel  G.  L.,  1875,  Md. 
Hitch,  William,  1824,  Md. 
Hitchcock,  Charles  M.,  1835,  Ohio. 
Hitt,  Washington  W.,  1825,  Ohio. 
Hitzelberger,  Francis  L.,  1836,  Md. 
Hobbs,  Warner,  1845,  Md. 
Hoch,  Charles  August,  1890,  Md. 
Hocking,  George  H.,  1879,  W.  Va. 
Hocking,  John  W.,  1884,  W.  Va. 
Hocking,  W.  C,  1890,  Md. 
Hodgdon,  Alexander  L.,  1884,  Va. 
Hodges,  Benjamin  B.,  1S24,  Md. 
Hodges,  William  E.,  1S56,  Md. 
Hodges,  William  R.,  i860,  Md. 


i8o 


THE   UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 


Hodgkin,  Alexander  B.,  1859,  Md. 
Hodson,  Eugene,  1856,  Md. 
Hoen,  A.  G.,  1873,  Md. 
Hoff,  Monzell  M.,  1889,  W,  Va. 
Hoffman,  George  H.  C,  1869,  Md. 
Hoffman,  J.  Homer,  1881,  Md. 
Hoffman,  Lawrence  B.,  1861,  Md. 
Hoffman,  Samuel  J.,  1877,  Va. 
Hoffmeier,  Frank  C,  1867,  Md. 
Hoge,  G,  Dickson,  1868,  Va. 
Hogg,  Samuel,  1819,  Tenn. 
Holbrook,  Edward  H.,  1868,  Md. 
Holcomb,  George,  1826,  N.  J. 
Holden,  Randall,  1861,  Va. 
Holland,  Griffin  W.,  1827,  Va. 
Holland,  John  T.,  1862,  Md. 
HoUeman,  Whitfield,  1829,  Va. 
Holley,  James  T.,  1881,  Va. 
HoUiday,  Lewis  L.,  1825,  Va. 
Holliday,  W.  Zellars,  1882,  Ga. 
Hollifield,  Horatio  B.,  1882,  Ga. 
Hollingsworth,  Chas.  A.,  1881,  Md. 
Hollingsworth,  Chas.  M.,  1882,  Va. 
Hollingsworth,  Robert,  1852,  Md. 
Hollingsworth,  Parkin,  1825,  Md. 
Hollis,  Willis  H.,  1879,  W.  Va. 
Holloway,  William,  1846,  Md. 
Hollyday,  John  G.,  1868,  Md. 
Holmes,  Jeremiah  E.,  1863,  Md. 
Holmes,  John  W.,  1882,  Va. 
Holmes,  Lewis,  1855,  Md. 
Holstein,  John  W.,  1883,  W,  Va. 
Holstenbake,  A.,  1865,  Ga. 
Holt,  Thomas  S.,  1869,  Md. 
Holton,  Thomas  S.,  i860,  Md. 
Hood,  Charles  H.,  1846,  Ohio. 
Hooe,  Abraham  B.,  1826,  Va. 
^Hook,  Daniel,  1820,  Ga. 
Hooper,  Jeremiah  P.,  1828,  Md. 
Hooper,  John  H.,  181 5,  Md. 
Hooper,  John  R.,  1866,  Md. 
Hoover,  C.  S.,  1884,  W.  Va. 
Hoover,  F.  Pierce,  1884,  Md. 
Hope,  W.  D.,  1887,  S.  C. 
Hopkins,  Arundel,  1863,  Md. 


Hopkins,  Charles  L.,  1887,  W.  Va. 

Hopkins,  D.  W.,  1877,  Md. 

Hopkins,  Ephraim,  Jr.,  1859,  Md. 

Hopkins,  Howard  H.,  1869,  Md. 

Hopkins,  Joel,  181 5,  Md. 

Hopkins,  John  W.  H.,  1854,  Va. 

Hopkins,  Thomas  C,  1830,  Md. 

Hopkins,  Wakeman  B.,  1828,  Md. 

Hopkins,  William  W.,  1858,  Md. 

Hopki.nson,  B.  Merrill  R.,  1885,  Md. 

Horn,  August,  1888,  Md. 

Horn,  Louis  C,  1869,  Md. 

Horner,  Joseph  S.,  1843,  Mo. 

Horsey,  James  B.,  1827,  Md. 

Horsey,  William  S.,  1838,  Md. 

Horwitz,  Eugene,  1889,  Md. 

Horwitz,  Phineas  J.,  1845,  Md. 

Horwitz,  Theophilus  B.,  1844,  Md. 

Hoskins,  J.  R.  B.,  1871,  Va. 

Hotchkiss,  George  E.,  1887,  Va. 

Houck,  Henry  J.,  1870,  Md. 

Houck,  Jacob  W.,  1842,  Md. 

Houseal,  W.  Gustave,  1886,  S.  C. 

Houston,  Benjamin  F.,  1833,  Md. 

Houston,  Henry  G.,  1881,  Va. 

Houston,  Joseph  M.,  1855,  Del. 

Howard,  Alexander  W.,  1870,  Pa. 

Howard,  Cornelius,  1848,  Md. 

Howard,  E.  Lloyd,  1861,  Md. 

Howard,  George  A.,  1851,  Va. 

Howard,  H.  S.,  1867,  Ala. 

Howard,  James  M.,  1889,  Ga. 

Howard,  James  McH.,  1869,  Md. 

Howard,  John  C,  1825,  Md. 

Howard,  William,  i8i7,Md. 

Howard,  William  Travis,  Jr.,  1889, 
Md. 

Howell,  T.  P.,  1872,  Chickasaw  Na- 
tion. 

Hower,  Jonathan  A.  C,  1854,  Md. 

Howland,  John  M.,  1823,  Md. 

Hoxton,  T.  Semmes,  1852,  Va. 
Hubard,  J.  E.,  1872,  Va. 
Hubbard,  W.  H.,  1881,  Va. 
Hubberd,  Charles  M.,  1830,  Va. 


lAlso  B.  M.,  1819. 


CATALOGUE    OF    ALUMNI. 


i8i 


Hudgins,  Albert  G.,  1826,  Va. 
Hudralt,  Alfred,  1828,  Va. 
Hudson,  George  W.,  1875,  Ark. 
Hudson,  Herbert  S.,  i868,  Ala. 
Huffington,  Edward  K.,  1821,  Del, 
Hughes,  Charles  F.,  1828,  Md. 
Hughes,  Ellis,  1834,  Md. 
Hughes,  George,  1819,  Md. 
Hughes,  James  F.,  i860,  Va. 
Hughes,  Joseph  C.,  1845,  Pa. 
Hughey,  James  B.,  1883,  S.  C. 
Hughey,  William,  1829,  Pa. 
Hughlett,  John,  1829,  Va. 
Hulse,  Isaac,  1823,  N.  Y. 
Hultz,  R.  M.,  1871,  Md. 
Hummel,  A.  L.,  1884,  Pa. 
Humphrey,  J.  Rufus,  1874,  Va. 
Humphreys,  Cathell,  18 19,  Md. 
Humphreys,  E.  W.,  1872,  Md. 
Humrichouse,  J.  W.,  1873,  ^^• 
Humrickhouse,  George,  1884,  Md. 
Humrickhouse,  John  M.,  1885,  Iowa. 
Hundley,  J.  Mason,  1882,  Va. 
Hungerford,  Thomas  B.,  1822,  Md. 
Hungerford,  Wm.  Smith,  1836,  Md. 
Hunley,  Luther  B.,  1877,  Va. 
Hunt,  Henry,  1824,  D.  C. 
Hunter,  James,  1827,  N.  C. 
Hunter,  John  H.,  1855,  Va. 
Hunter,  T.  C,  1S67,  Va. 
Hunter,  William  A.,  1858,  Ga. 
Hurst,  George  N.,  1S49,  Ky. 
Hurt,  Richard  T.,  1861,  Va. 
Hurtt,  Edgar  D.,  1854,  Md. 
Hurtt,  Edward,  1848,  Md. 
Hurtt,  Thomas  D.,  1851,  Md. 
Hussey,  William  S.  L.,  1846,  Md. 
Hutchings,  David,  1853,  Md. 
Hutchins,  Nicholas  P.,  1834,  Md. 
Hyatt,  F.,  1872,  Md. 
Hyslop,  John  T.  B.,  1885,  Va. 
Hysore,  William  F.,  1866,  Md, 

I'Anson,  William  H.,  1846,  Va. 
Iddings,  Charles  M.,  1888,  Md. 
Iglehart,  David  T.,  1856,  Md. 


Iglehart,  Joseph,  1828,  Md. 
Iglehart,  N.  E.  Berry,  1889,  Md. 
Iglehart,  Osborn  S.,  1857,  Md. 
Ijams,  George  E.,  1879,  ^^"^ 
Inge,  Richard,  1823,  Ala. 
Inloes,  Henry  A.,  1833,  Md. 
Innes,  James,  1868,  Pa. 
Ireland,  James  G.,  1852,  Md. 
Ireland,  John  F.,  1856,  Md. 
Irons,  Edward  P.,  1865,  Md. 
Irwin,  J.  Robinson,  1877,  N.  C. 
Isaacs,  Charles  E.,  1833,  N.  Y. 
Ivey,  William  P.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Izlar,  A.  L.,  1889,  S.  C. 

Jackman,    Frederick    Bayard,    1890, 

Mass. 
Jackson,  Charles  R.,  1828,  Md. 
Jackson,  Samuel  R.,  1848,  Va. 
Jacob,  George  P.,  1826,  Va. 
Jacobs,  James  K.  H.,  1S77,  Md. 
Jacobs,  James  T.,  1855,  Md. 
Jaeger,  W.  R.,  1871,  Md. 
James,  Edmund  P.,  1842,  Md. 
James,  W.  Dudley,  1S81,  Pa. 
James,  W.  H.,  1872,  Va. 
Jameson,  Benjamin  A.,  1855,  Md. 
Jameson,  George  W.,  1819,  Md. 
Jameson,  Horatio  G.,  1813,  Pa. 
Jameson,  Rush,  1827,  Md. 
Jameson,  William  H.,  1822,  Va. 
Jamesson,  Harper  C,  1885,  W.  Va. 
Jamison,  Thomas  W.,  1838,  Md. 
Jamison,  William  D.,  1S45,  Md. 
Janney,  Charles  H.,  1885,  Va. 
Janney,  Edward  W.,  1863,  Va. 
Janney,  Nathan  H.,  1843,  ^^' 
Janney,  O.  Edward,  i88i,  Md. 
Jarrett,  James  H.,  1852,  Md. 
Jarrett,  Martin  L.,  1864,  Md. 
Jarvis,  William  C,  1876,  Md. 
Jay,  John  G.,  1S71,  Md. 
Jefferson,  Charles  W.,  1S52,  Md. 
Jefferson,  Robert  K.,  1890,  Md. 
Jenifer,  Daniel,  of  H.  Thos.,   1837, 

Md. 


l82 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Jenifer,  John  C,  1836,  Md. 
Jenkins,  Charles  A.,  1S69,  Md. 
Jenkins,  Felix,  1849,  ^^'^• 
Jenkins,  Felix  S.,  Jr.,  1887,  Md. 
Jenness,  John  H.,  1887,  Md. 
Jennings,  Jacob  M.,  1826,  Md. 
Jennings,  Samuel  K.,  1818,  Md. 
Jennings,  Samuel  K.,  Jr.,  1820,  Md. 
Jennings,  Thomas  R.,'i826,  Pa. 
Jennings,  William  T.,  1S67,  Va. 
Jerome,  James  R.,  1S90,  N.  C. 
Jessop,  Abraham,  1821,  Md. 
Jessop,  C.  Ashton,  iSSi,  Md. 
Jeter,  Ned  M.,  1887,  Va. 
Jewett,  J.  Gushing,  1849,  ^'^^• 
Jewett,  James  J.,  1833,  N.  Y. 
Johns,  Benjamin  T.,  1829,  Md. 
Johns,  Edward  W.,  1849,  Md. 
Johns,  Montgomery,  1853,  Md. 
Johnson,  Andrew  J.,  1855,  Md. 
Johnson,  Benjamin,  1S18,  Va. 
Johnson,  Benjamin  D.,  1826,  Md. 
Johnson,  C.  S.,  1873,  Md. 
Johnson,  Charles  F.,  1879,  W.  Va. 
Johnson,  David  H.,  1819,  Md. 
Johnson,  Edward,  1833,  Md. 
Johnson,  George  O.,  1S69,  Iowa. 
Johnson,  Henry  M.,  1827,  Va. 
Johnson,  J.  A.,  187 1,  Md. 
Johnson,  James,  1827,  Md. 
Johnson,  James  T.,  1848,  Md. 
Johnson,  Jeremiah,  1852,  Md. 
Johnson,  John  B.,  1852,  Va. 
Johnson,  Milton,  1826,  Md. 
Johnson,  Richard  P.,  1849,  Md. 
Johnson,  Samuel  A.,  1828,  Md. 
Johnson,  Thos.  Brashear,  1889,  Md. 
Johnson,  Thomas  F.,  1853,  Md. 
Johnson,  Thomas  R.,  1828,  Md. 
Johnson,  W.  Holton,  1882,  Pa. 
Johnson,  William  H.,  1830,  Va. 
Johnson,  William  H.,  1849,  Md. 
Johnston,  Christopher,  1844,  Md. 
Johnston,  Christopher,  Jr.,  1S80,  Md, 
Johnston,  Ovid  M.,  1862,  Pa. 
Johnston,  Robert,  1823,  Va. 


Johnston,  Robert,  1852,  Va. 
Johnston,  R.  E.  Lee,  1885,  Va. 
Johnston,  William  S.,  1S87,  Ga. 
Jones,  Buckler,  1852,  Md. 
Jones,  Caleb,  1830,  Md. 
Jones,  Charles  H.,  1851,  Md. 
Jones,  De  V.  D.,  1872,  Ala. 
Jones,  Edward  W.,  1824,  S.  C. 
Jones,  F.  E.,  1871,  Miss. 
Jones,  Galen,  1824,  Pa. 
Jones,  G.  Frank,  1889,  Del. 
Jones,  George  H.  W.,  1867,  Md. 
Jones,  G.  M.,  1873,  Ga. 
Jones,  George  Perry,  1836,  Md. 
Jones,  George  P.,  1865,  Md. 
Jones,  H.  H.,  1867,  Va. 
Jones,  Henry  M.,  i860,  Md. 
Jones,  Henry  Z.,  1865,  Md. 
Jones,  Jacob  H.,  1852,  Md. 
Jones,  James  D.,  1887,  Va, 
Jones,  J.  N.,  1871,  Ga. 
Jones,  John  H.,  1825,  Md. 
Jones,  Joshua,  Jr.,  1829,  Md. 
Jones,  Oliver  F.,  1880,  Pa. 
Jones,  Philip  G.,  Jr.,  1829,  Md. 
Jones,  Reuben  E.,  1849,  ^^d- 
Jones,  Samuel  J.,  1851,  Ala. 
Jones,  Silas,  1875,  Pa. 
Jones,  Thomas  D.,  1812,  Md. 
Jones,  T.  Marshall,  1870,  Va. 
Jones,  William  A.,  1873,  ^^• 
Jones,  W.  Hardaway,  1882,  Va. 
Jones,  William  J.,  1883,  Md. 
Jones,  William  T.,  1835,  Md. 
Jones,  Wilson  W.,  1S46,  Va. 
Jordan,  Charles  H.,  1857,  Va. 
Jordan,  J.  R.,  1884,  Va. 
Jordan,  J.  W.  S.,  1871,  Md. 
Jordan,  Mills  M.,  1841,  Va. 
Jordan,  R.  Merton,  1852,  Va. 
Jordan,  Thomas  M.,  1856,  Pa. 
Julian,  Abner  J.  P.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Julian,  H.  M.,  1885,  N.  C. 
Jump,  Clarence  K.,  1885,  Md. 

Kasten,  W.  Julian,  1886,  Md. 


CATALOGUE   OF    ALUMNI. 


183 


Keagy,  John  M.,  1822,  Pa. 
Kealhofer,  Richard  H.,  1866,  Md. 
Kearney,  William  A..  1S83,  W.  Va. 
Keech,  J.  O.,  1872,  Md. 
Keech,  J.  Sothoron,  1888,  Md. 
Keech,  Thomas  A.  R.,  1856,  Md. 
Keedy,  Daniel  G.,  1835,  Md. 
Keedy,  Samuel  H.,  1864,  Md. 
Keen,  A.  T.,  1885,  Va. 
Keen,  Thomas  F.,  i88i,  Va. 
Keenan,  Joseph  A.,  1848,  Md. 
Keene,  Alexander  C,  1822,  Ky. 
Keene,  John,  1826,  Md. 
Keene,  Samuel  J.  A.,  1S65,  Md. 
Keener,  David,  1825,  Md. 
Keener,  William  H.,  1845,  ^'^^• 
Keerl,  Charles  F.,  1870,  Md. 
Keerl,  William,  1S27,  Md. 
Keets,  John  T.,  1S58,  Md. 
Keffer,  William  H.,  1850,  Va. 
Keirle,  Nathaniel  G.,  1858,  Md. 
Keirn,  Garret,  18 19,  Md. 
Keisler,  M.  B.,  1872,  S.  C. 
Keith,  James  B.,  1851,  N.  C. 
Keith,  Joseph  P.,  1882,  N.  C. 
Kellam,  E.  E.,  1861,  Va. 
Kellam,  Frederick  C.  A.,  1866,  Va. 
Keller,  B.  F.,  1871,  Md. 
Keller,  Daniel,  1847,  Md. 
Keller,  Franklin  P.,  1878,  Md. 
Keller,  Josiah  G.,  1863,  Md. 
Kelly,  J.  Lawrence,  1874,  Ga. 
Kelly,  James  W.,  1887,  Va. 
Kelly,  John  I.,  1864,  Md. 
Kelly,  Lewis,  1865,  Md. 
Kelly,  S.  Robert,  1890,  W.  Va. 
Kelly,  Thomas,  1866,  Md. 
Kemp,  Henry  C,  1863,  Md. 
Kemp,  H.  M.,  188 1,  Md. 
Kemp,  John  D.,  1856,  Ohio. 
Kemp,  J.  McKendree,  1863,  Md. 
Kemp,  Joshua  S.,  1858,  Md. 
Kemp,  Luther,  1887,  Md. 
Kemp,  W.  F.  A.,  1872,  Md. 
Kemp,  W.  Thomas,  1S63,  Md. 
Kendal,  William  T.,  1867,  Miss. 


Kcnnard,  Joseph  ^L,  1857,  Del. 
Kennard,  Thomas  C,  1822,  Md. 
Kennedy,  Arthur  T.,  1851,  Va. 
Kennedy,  Booth,  1856,  Md. 
Kennedy,  Howard,  1828,  Md. 
Kennedy,  John,  1820,  Md. 
Kennedy,  Stephen  D.,  1855,  Md. 
Kennedy,  William  P.,  1885,  N.  C. 
Kent,  Daniel,  1845,  Md. 
Kent,  Joseph,  Jr.,  1830,  Md. 
Ker,  Samuel  H.,  1865,  Md. 
Kernan,  Charles  K.,  1887,  Va. 
Kerr,  Charles  S.,  1868,  N.  C. 
Kerr,  J.  Purd,  18S8,  Pa. 
Kerr,  Robert  J.,  1858,  Md. 
Kessler,  Albert  M.,  1870,  Md. 
Key,  Robert  M.,  1854,  Md. 
Keyser,  Charles  C,  1850,  Md. 
Keyser,  N.  A.  S.,  1883,  Md. 
Kibler,  Benjamin  F.,  1880,  Va. 
Kibler,  James  M.,  1886,  S.  C. 
Kidd,  William  G.,  1853,  ^d. 
Kidder,  Jerome  H.,  1866,  Md. 
Kilty,  Richard  M.,  1826,  Md. 
Kinard,  George  C,  1885,  Pa. 
Kinard,  J.  Wesley,  1882,  Pa. 
King,  Benjamin,  1818,  Md. 
King,  Daniel,  1823,  D.  C. 
King,  David,  1824,  Md. 
King,  E.  S.,  1889,  N.  C. 
King,  Hiram,  1834,  Md. 
King,  John  T.,  1S51,  Md. 
King,  John  T.,  1866,  Md. 
King,  John  W.,  1819,  Md. 
King,  Michael,  1820,  Va. 
King,  P.  W.,  1884,  Pa. 
King,  Vincent  O.,  1847,  D.  C. 
Kinkle,  James  C,  1847,  Md. 
Kinne,  George  L.,  1887,  Vt. 
Kinnemon,  George  S.,  1874,  Md. 
Kinnemon,  Perry  S.,  1833,  Md. 
Kinzer,  John  S.,  1881,  Pa. 
Kinzer,  Samuel  G.,  1857,  Md. 
Kinzer,  Thomas  O.,  1863,  Md. 
Kirby,  Thomas  E.,  1S66,  Md. 
Kirby,  William  A.,  1S86,  S.  C. 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Kirk,  William,  1828,  Va. 
Kirk,  William  M.,  1868,  Va. 
Kirkpatrick,  T.  S.,  1884,  N.  C. 
Klinedinst,  J.  Ferd.,  1889,  Pa. 
Kloeber,  John  S.,  1S86,  Va. 
Kloman,  William  C,  1855,  Md. 
Klueber,  C.  J.,  1872,  Germany. 
Knight,  Cornelius  S.,  1858,  Md. 
Knight,  Louis  W.,  1866,  Md. 
Knight,  Samuel  T.,  1835,  Md. 
Knight,  Samuel  T.,  Jr.,  1868,  Md. 
Knipp,  Harry  E.,  1887,  Md. 
Knott,  William  F.,  1830,  Md. 
Knotts,  George  P.,  1852,  Md. 
Knotts,  James  V.,  1866,  Md. 
Knox,  John  H.,  1829,  Pa. 
Koechling,  Charles  W.,  1S57,  Md. 
Korner,  Alexander  H.,  1886,  Ohio. 
Krise,  C.  H.,  1871,  Pa. 
Kroh,  William  H.,  18S6,  Md. 
Krozer,  John  J.  R.,  1848,  Va. 
Kugler,  Joseph,  1865,  Germany. 
Kuhn,  Henry,  1825,  Md. 
Kuhn,  Jeremiah  F.,  1830,  Md. 
Kuykendal,  Clarence  M.,  1890,  S.  C. 
Kuykendall,  Edwin  H.,  1888,  W.  Va. 

Laborde,  John  B.,  1822,  S.  C. 
Lackland,  Eli,  1822,  Md. 
La  Compte,  Stephen,  1827,  Md. 
Lacy,  John  B.,  1858,  Va. 
Lacy,  John  H.,  1879,  N.  C. 
Lafferty,  James  A.,  1881,  N.  C. 
Laird,  Edward  C,  1877,  Va. 
Lake,  Robert  Pinkney,  1849,  Md. 
Lamb,  Charles  W.,  1863,  Md. 
Lambdin,  Edward  S.,  1880,  Md. 
Lambdin,  William  W,,  1854,  Md. 
Lambert,  Colin  H.,  1857,  Md. 
Lambert,  Francis,  1836,  U.  C. 
Lambert,  John,  1828,  Md. 
Lambeth,  William  L.,  1820,  Va. 
Land,  Emerson,  Jr.,  1S86,  Va. 
Landers,  Thomas,  1865,  Md. 
Landis,  Joseph  A.,  1828,  Md. 
Laney,  Joseph  M.,  1853,  Pa. 


Lanier,  Benjamin,  1827,  Va. 
Lanier,  N.  R.  S.,  1880,  Md. 
Lankford,  A.  J.  H.,  i860,  Md. 
Lansdale,  B.  Frank.,  1866,  Md. 
Lappe,  Martin,  Jr.,  1888,  Pa. 
Large,  Jonathan  L.,  1851,  Pa. 
Larkin,  William  D.  F.,  1849,  Md. 
Laroque,  Alfred,  1847,  Md. 
Larrick,  George  W.,  1878,  Va. 
Larsch,  James  C,  1842,  Md. 
Larsh,  Silas,  1826,  Md. 
Lassell,  William  H.,  1853,  Md. 
Latham,  Fayette  M.,  1S85,  Va. 
Latham,  O.  W.,  1882,  N.  Y. 
Latham,  P.  H.,  1876,  Md. 
Latimer,  John  R.,  1881,  S.  C. 
Latimer,  Thomas  S.,  1861,  Pa. 
Lauck,  Theodore  H.,  1868,  Va. 
Lauderbaugh,  F.  B.,  1883,  Md. 
Lautenbach,  Robert,  1865,  Md. 
Lauver,  Milton  A.,  1865,  Md. 
Laveille,  Uriah,  1853,  Md. 
Lawrence,  Daniel  H.,  1869,  Md. 
Lawrence,  Richard,  1843,  ^d- 
Lawrence,  Thomas  J.,  18 19,  Md. 
Lawrence,  Upton  H.,  1836,  Md. 
Lawrence,  Virgil  C,  1857,  Md. 
Laws,  Cassius  D.,  1877,  Va. 
Lawson,  Lemuel  S.,  1867,  Md. 
Leach,  Richard  V.,  1849,  Md. 
Leamy,  James  C,  1866,  Md. 
Leary,  T.  H.,  1886,  N.  C. 
Leason,  James  A.,  1881,  Md. 
Leatherbury,  George  P.,  1857,  Va. 
Le  Cato,  Edwin  W.,  i860,  Va. 
Le  Cato,  George  W.,  1864,  Va. 
Lecato,  John  T.,  1884,  Va. 
Lecompte,  G.  Byron,  1861,  Md. 
Lecompte,  William  B.,  1833,  Md. 
Ledbetter,  Arthur  E.,  1888,  N.  C. 
Le  Doux,  J.  A.,  1889,  Cal. 
Lee,  Benjamin,  1818,  Va. 
Lee,  Charles  A.,  1858,  Md. 
Lee,  Daniel  E.,  i860,  N.  C. 
Lee,  Maxey  G.,  1888,  S.  C. 
Lee,  Richard  C,  1S59,  Va. 


CATALOGUE   OF   ALUMNI. 


185 


Lee,  William,  1865,  Md. 
Leech,  B.  Towner,  1881,  Md. 
Le  Fevre,  H.  W.,  1867,  Pa. 
Leggette,  E.  M.  IJ.,  1872,  Miss. 
Leh,  Henry  D.,  1884,  Pa. 
Leigh,  John  F.,  1834,  Md. 
Lemaster,  Andrew  J.,  1879,  ^^-  ^^• 
Lemen,  William  M.,  1855,  Md. 
Lemmer,  Johann  C,  1885,  Pa. 
Lemmon,  A.  H.,  1822,  Md. 
Lemmon,  Richard  H.,  1876,  Va. 
Leonard,  Benjamin  F.,  1876,  Md. 
Lester,  Shipley,  Jr.,  1849,  Md. 
Lester,  William  McC,  1887,  S.  C. 
Levely,  William,  1839,  Md. 
Levering,  James,  1837,  Md. 
Lewin,  J.  Y.,  1876,  Va. 
Lewis,  Alfred,  1S26,  Va. 
Lewis,  Charles  G.,  1821,  La. 
Lewis,  Frank  W.,  1878,  Va. 
Lewis,  George  W.,  1886,  N.  C. 
Lewis,  James  E.  H.,  1861,  Md. 
Lewis,  John  L.,  18S8,  Va. 
Lewis,  John  W.,  1826,  N.  C. 
Lewis,  John  W.,  1854,  N.  C. 
Lewis,  Richard  H.,  1871,  N.  C. 
Lewis,  W.  Milton,  1888,  Ohio. 
Lewis,  Warner,  Jr.,  1867,  Va. 
Ligget,  James,  1827,  Md. 
Ligget,  John  J.,  1869,  Md. 
Lilly,  Henry  A.,  1847,  P^- 
Lilly,  Virgil  H.  B.,  1S69,  Pa. 
Lincoln,  Frank  T.,  1879,  Ga. 
Lincoln,  Nathan  S.,  1852,  Mass. 
Lindsay,  John  J.,  1887,  S.  C. 
Lining,  Thomas,  1822,  S.  C. 
Linthicum,  Asa  S.,  1852,  Md. 
Linthicum,  Hezekiah,  1855,  Md. 
Linthicum,  James  G.,  1859,  ^^'^• 
Linthicum,  John  W.,  1884,  Md. 
Linthicum,  Otis  Mills,  1S90,  Md. 
Linthicum,  Theodore,  1835,  Md. 
Linthicum,  Thomas  W.,  1S79,  ^^• 
Lish,  A.  R.  J.,  i87i,Md. 
Littig,  Thomas,  1830,  Md. 


Littleton,  James  C,  1883,  Md. 
Livingston,  Andrew  D.,  1827,  Pa. 
Livingston,  John  PL,  1878,  Ga. 
Lloyd,  P'rancis  M.,  1855,  Md. 
Lloyd,  George  S.,  1881,  N.  C. 
Lockridge,  J.  B.,  1885,  W.  Va. 
Lodge,  William  J.,  1859,  Pa. 
Loftin,  Preston  B.,  1888,  N.  C. 
Logan,  Edward  N.,  1887,  Va. 
Logie,  B.  Rush,  1890,  Md. 
Lomax,  Richard  S.,  1855,  Va. 
Long,  B.  L.,  1881,  N.  C. 
Long,  Durritt,  1816,  Va. 
Louchery,  Daniel  C,  1880,  Md. 
Love,  Eli  N.,  1849,  Va. 
Love,  James  H.,  1878,  W.  Va. 
Love,  William  S.,  1890,  Md. 
Lovett,  Uavid  H.,  1833,  Va. 
Lowe,  A.  C.,  1877,  Md. 
Lowe,  James  A.,  185S,  Pa. 
Lowndes,  Charles,  1855,  Md. 
Lowndes,  Charles  H.  T.,  1SS8,  Md. 
Lowndes,  Edward  H.,  1S28,  Md. 
Lowry,  Alexander,  1822,  S.  C. 
Lowry,  F.  W.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Lowry,  James  B.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Lucas,  Charles  C,  1886,  W.  Va. 
Lumsden,  William  J.,  1869,  N.  C. 
'Lumsden,  William  O.,  1849,  Md. 
Lyles,  William  D.,  1848,  Md. 
Lyles,  William  Durham,  1837,  S.  C. 
Lynch,  Andrew  A.,  1829,  Pa. 
Lynch,  Francis  E.,  1851,  Md. 
Lynch,  Jethro,  1855,  Md. 
Lynch,  John  S.,  1853,  Md. 
Lynch,  Thomas  A.,  1847,  Md. 
Lynde,  Frederick  M.,  1876,  Mich. 
Lynn,  George,  1829,  Md. 
Lyon,  Albert,  1S28,  Md. 
Lyon,  Samuel  H.,  1827,  Md. 
Lyon,  Washington,  1835,  Tenn. 

Maccubbin,  John  M.  S.,  1S23,  Md. 
Mace,  John,  1887,  Md. 
Mace,  S.  Veirs,  1884,  Md. 


'Also  B.  M.,  18 


1 86 


THE   UNIVERSITY  OF    MARYLAND. 


Mace,  Samuel  V.,  1S49,  Md. 
Macgill,  Charles,  1828,  Md. 
Macgill,  Charles  B.,  1823,  Md. 
Macgill,  Charles  G.  W.,  1856,  Md. 
Macgill,  William  D.,  1823,  Md. 
Mackall,  Leonard,  1826,  D.  C. 
Mackall,  Lewis,  1824,  D.  C. 
Mackall,  Louis,  Jr.,  1851,  Md. 
Mackall,  Richard,  1838,  Md. 
Mackall,  Richard  C,  1847,  Va. 
Mackenheimer,  Chas.  P.,  1853,  Md. 
Mackenzie,  Edward  E.,  1S84,  Md. 
Mackenzie,  George  B.,  1828,  Md. 
Mackenzie,  George  B.,  1862,  Md. 
Mackenzie,  John  C,  1847,  Md. 
Mackenzie,  John  P.,  1821,  Md. 
Mackenzie,  Thomas  G.,  1S61,  Md. 
Mackey,  Argyle,  1890,  D.  C. 
Mackie,  James  S.,  1848,  Md. 
Mackubbin,  Richard  C,  1839,  Md. 
Macon,  Philemon  J.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Maddox,  Adderton,  1836,  Md. 
Maddox,  Charles  J.,  1843,  Md. 
Maddox,  James  T.  N.,  1S32,  Md. 
Maddox,  Robert  B.,  1S37,  La. 
Magill,  William  H.,  1817,  Pa. 
Magruder,  D.  Lynn,  1849,  ^^d. 
Magruder,  Edward  R.,  1833,  Md. 
Magruder,  Hezekiah,  1826,  D.  C. 
Magruder,  I.  Wilson,  1862,  Md. 
Magruder,  John  A.,  1S25,  Md. 
Magruder,  T.  L.  C,  1867,  Md. 
Magruder,  Thomas  B.,  1821,  Md. 
Magruder,  William  B.,  1S25,  Md. 
Magruder,  William  B.,  1831,  D.  C. 
Magruder,  William  E.,  1854,  Md. 
Magruder,  William  W.,  18 19,  Md. 
Maguire,  Charles,  1829,  Ireland. 
Maguire,  C.  Frank,  1883,  Md. 
Mahon,  James  T.,  1864,  Pa. 
Malloy,  Charles  A.,  1838,  Md. 
Malone,  F.  R.,  1882,  Md. 
Malone,  J.  D.,  Jr.,  1884,  Ga. 
Malone,  Wilson  P.,  1888,  Va. 
Mamster,  Samuel,  1828,  Md. 
Manifold,  W.  H.,  1861,  Pa. 


Mann,  Arthur  H.,  Jr.,  1890,  Md. 
Manning,  Anthony  La  F.,  1852,  Md. 
Manning,  Henry  E.  T.,  1869,  N.  C. 
Manning,  William,  1833,  Md. 
Manning,  William  P.,  1869,  Va. 
Manro,  Jonathan,  Jr.,  1825,  Md. 
Mansfield,  Arthur  D.,  1890,  Md. 
Mansfield,  R.  W.,  1865,  Md. 
Manson,  Francis  E.,  1822,  Va. 
Mapp,  Samuel  W.,  1844,  Va. 
Mapp,  Thomas  R.,  1856,  Va. 
Marbury,  Alexander  M.,  1829,  Md. 
Marbury,  William  A.,  1867,  Md. 
Marchand,  Louis  A.  B.,  1830,  Md. 
Marcy,  Virgil  M.  D.,  1847,  N.  J. 
Maris,  Edward  A.,  1841,  Md. 
Maris,  George  W.,  1833,  Md. 
Markham,  James  B.,  1843,  Ala. 
Marmillion,  Edmund  B.,  1847,  La. 
Marrast,  John,  1818,  Md. 
Marriott,  Henry  B.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Marsden,  James  J.,  1823,  Va. 
Marsh,  Grafton,  1813,  Md. 
Marsh,  Josiah,  1819,  Md. 
Marsh,  W.  H.,  1876,  Md. 
Marshall,  Ashton  A.,  1845,  ^^• 
Marshall,  Edward  W.,  1852,  Md. 
Marshall,  John  S.,  1853,  Md. 
Marshall,  Robert  M.,  1866,  Md. 
Marsteller,  Cyrus  C,  1818,  Va. 
Marsters,  William  C,  1853,  Md. 
Martenet,  J.  Fussell,  1880,  Md. 
Martin,  Andrew  J.,  1853,  Md. 
Martin,  Charles  M.,  1863,  Md. 
Martin,  Ennalls,  1818,  Md. 
Martin,  Frank,  1886,  Md. 
Martin,  George  M.,  1882,  Md. 
Martin,  George  T.,  1819,  Md. 
Martin,  Honori,  1829,  Va. 
Martin,  Hugh,  1853,  Del. 
Martin,  J.  Everette,  1890,  N.  C. 
Martin,  John  H.,  1862,  Md. 
Martin,  Joseph,  1823,  Md. 
Martin,  Joseph,  1825,  Md. 
Martin,  Mathias,  1865,  Md. 
Martin,  Samuel,  1813,  Md. 


CATALOGUE    OF   ALUMNI. 


187 


Martin,  Samuel  B.,  1838,  Md. 
Martin,  William  N.,  1853,  Md. 
Martindale,  Samuel,  1823,  Md. 
Mason,  John  Seddon,  1836,  Va. 
Mass,  Franklin,  1850,  Md. 
Massenburg,  Richard  C,  18S4,  Md. 
Massey,  Charles  H.  B.,  1849,  ^^^• 
Massey,  J.  E.,  1871,  S.  C. 
Massey,  Rigbie,  1830,  Md. 
Massie,  "William  A.,  1816,  Va. 
Mathews,  James  E.,  i860,  Md. 
Mathews,  Thomas,  1837,  Md. 
Mathias,  John  S.,  1879,  Md. 
Mathias,  William  A.,  1843,  Md. 
Matlack,  Armistead  G.,  1859,  Md. 
Mattfeldt,  Charles  L.,  1886,  Md. 
Matthews,  Alexander,  1847,  D.  C. 
Matthews,  Charles  H.,  1830,  Md. 
Matthews,  Francis,  1830,  Md. 
Matthews,  Hugh  H.,  1828,  Md. 
Matthews,  Robert,  1822,  Md. 
Matthews,  Thomas  A.,  1890,  N.  C. 
Maughlin,  Hugh  A.,  1864,  Md. 
Maund,  Frederick,  1S48,  Md. 
Maus,  L.  Mervin,  1874,  Md. 
Maxwell,  W.  S.,  1873,  Md. 
Maxwell,  William  S.,  1830,  Del. 
May,  Bushrod  L.,  1850,  Va. 
May,  Edmund  T.,  1885,  Ga. 
May,  Frederick,  1S69,  Md. 
May,  Robert  L,,  1890,  Fla. 
Maybank,  Joseph,  1S89,  S.  C. 
Maynard,  Clinton,  1870,  Md. 
Maynard,  James,  1833,  Md. 
Maynard,  James  H.,  1866,  Md. 
Mayo,  John,  1835,  Va. 
Mayo,  William  R.,  1890,  N.  C. 
Mays,  Rhydon  G.,  1823,  S.  C. 
McAden,  Giles  M.,  1889,  N.  C. 
McAliley,  J.  Wallace,  1889,  S.  C. 
McAlpine,  George,  1850,  Miss. 
McCabe,  Edmund  H.,  1822,  Pa. 
McCaffrey,  William,  1822,  Md. 
McCain,  Starke  J.,  1879,  Mo. 
McCann,  Hugh,  1822,  S.  C. 
McCauley,  Charles,  1878,  Md. 


McCauley,  Lawrence  J.  A.,  1856,  Md. 

McCeney,  Edward,  1828,  Md. 

McCleary,  J.  R.,  1872,  W.  Va. 

McCleary,  John,  1852,  Md. 

McClellan,  C.  R.,  1835,  Md. 

McClellan,  D.  W.  B.,  1829,  Md. 

McClintock,  Jonas  R.,  1830,  Pa. 

McClure,  William  J.,  1866,  Md. 

McComas,  Henry  W.,  1888,  Md. 

McComas,  Josiah  L.,  1858,  Md. 

McConachie,  A.  D.,  1890,  Canada. 

McConnell,  Harvey  E.,  1890,  S.  C. 

McConnell,  James,  1827,  Pa. 

McCormick,  A.  M.  Dupuy,  1888,  Va. 

McCormick,  Charles,  1835,  U.  C. 

McCormick,  Cyrus,  1868,  Va. 

McCormick,  C.  A.,  1871,  Md. 

McCormick,  G.  Carville,  1890,  Md. 

McCormick,  James  L.,  1846,  Md. 

McCormick,  James  L.,  1884,  La. 

McCormick,  Thomas  P.,  1877,  La. 

McCoy,  Francis,  1825,  Md. 

McCoy,  Robert,  1826,  Md. 

McCulloh,  John  K.,  1857,  Md. 
McCullough,  J.  Haines,  1861,  Md. 
McDevitt,  Edward  P.,  1S75,  Md. 
McDoNOUGH,   Anthony  A.,    1S41, 

Pa. 
McDowell,  Charles  C,  1S74,  Md. 
McDowell,  Ephraim,  1825,  Ky. 
McDowell,  Eugene  T.,  1870,  Md. 
McDowell,  James,  1844,  Va. 
McDowell,  James  H.,  1857,  Pa. 
McDowell,  John,  1817,  Pa. 
McDowell,  John  B.,  1828,  Md. 
McDowell,  Maxwell,  1818,  Md. 
McDowell,  William  J.,  1874,  Md. 
McDuffie,  James  H.,  1887,  N.  C. 
McElderry,  Plenry,  1865,  Md. 
McElfresh,  Charles  W.,  1889,  W.  Va. 
McElhiney,  William  J.,  1827,  Md. 
McEnry,  Donat,  1S39,  Md. 
McGary,  Peter  J.,  1856,  Va. 
McGee,  T.  J.,  1880,  Ohio. 
McGee,  William,  1S18,  Tenn. 
McGill,  Thomas  J.,  1834,  Md. 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


McGill,  Wardlaw,  1867,  Md. 
McGlaughlin,  John  M.,  1888,  W.  Va. 
McGuGiN,  David  L.,  1844,  Ohio. 
McGuire,  Bernard  C,  1857,  N.  Y. 
McHenry,  Martin  J.,  1870,  Ark. 
Mcllhany,  J.  Stuart,  1884,  Va. 
Mcllvain,  John  E.,  1851,  Pa. 
McKaw,  David,  1823,  Va. 
McKay,  Haynes,  1826,  Va. 
McKee,  Charles  E.  S.,  1858,  Md. 
McKee,  W.  Arthur  E.,  1883,  Md. 
McKeeby,  W.  Coe,  1887,  N.  Y. 
McKenzie,  A.  H.,  1872,  S.  C. 
McKew,  Dennis  I.,  1850,  Md. 
McKinnon,  Archibald,  1886,  N.  C. 
McKinnon,  Matthew  J.,  1853,  Pa. 
McKnew,  W.  R.,  1862,  Md. 
McKown,  John  M.,  1870,  Va. 
McLane,  Moses,  1855,  Md. 
McLaughlin,  David  B.,  1842,  Md. 
McLaughlin,  John  E.,  1886,  N.  C. 
McLeod,  Alexander  H.,  1866,  Md. 
McLeod,  Gilbert,  1882,  N.  C. 
McManigal,  Joseph  M.,  1886,  Pa. 
McManus,  F.  A.,  i860,  Md. 
McManus,  Felix  R.,  1829,  Md. 
McManus,  Felix  S.,  1855,  Md. 
McManus,  William  L.,  1833,  Md. 
McMaster,  John  T.  B.,  1850,  Md. 
McMeal,  Daniel,  1836,  Md. 
McMeal,  Daniel,  Jr.,  1862,  Pa. 
McMeal,  Felix  D.,  1829,  Md. 
McMechen,  William  T.,  1854,  Va. 
McMillan,  Benjamin  F.,  1882,  N.  C. 
McMillan,  J.  Luther,  1881,  N.  C. 
McMillan,  William  D.,  1869,  N.  C. 
McMullan,  John  H.,  1876,  N.  C. 
McNatt,  Henry  Wise,  1881,  N.  C. 
McParlin,  Thomas  A.,  1847,  Md. 
McPherson,  J.  Chester,  1880,  Md. 
McPherson,  Maynard,  1865,  Md. 
McPherson,  William  C,  1834,  Pa. 
McPherson,  William  S.,  1848,  Md. 
McQuinn,  William,  1849,  Va. 
McRae,  Charles  D.,  1889,  Ga. 
McShane,  James  F.,  1S70,  Md. 


McSherry,  H.  C,  1872,  Md. 
McSherry,  Henry  F.,  1858,  Va. 
McSherry,  James  W.,  1855,  Md. 
McSherry,  Richard,  1880,  Pa. 
McSherry,  W.  Kilty,  1868,  Md. 
McSherry,  William  S.,  1867,  Md. 
Mead,  Walter  C,  1837,  Md. 
Mechem,  Abel  F.,  1859,  Md. 
Mechem,  Richard,  1827,  Md. 
Medford,  William,  1828,  Md. 
Mehring,  A.  Buffington,  1864,  Md. 
Meierhoff,  Eleazer,  1881,  Md. 
Melton,  Horace  T.,  1890,  Va. 
Melvin,  James  A.,  1887,  Md. 
Melvin,  McCarty  B.,  1849,  Md. 
Mendenhall,  James  N.,  1880,  S.  C. 
Meredith,  George  E.,  1886,  Va. 
Merrefield,  W.  J.,  1878,  Md. 
Merrick,  S.  K.,  1872,  Md. 
Merrilsen,  Zachariah,  1828,  Md. 
Merritt,  Alexander  T.  B.,  1823,  Va. 
Merryman,  Elias  H.,  1824,  Md. 
Merryman,  Moses  W.,  1850,  Md. 
Metzger,  John  S.,  1827,  Pa. 
Mewborn, George  Thomas,  1890, N.C. 
Michael,  J.  Edwin,  1873,  Md. 
Mickle,  F.  "B.,  1882,  Md. 
Middlekauff,  Joleph  H.,  1879,  Md. 
Middleton,  A.  L.,  i860,  Md. 
Middleton,  John  D.,  1820,  Md. 
Middleton,  John  D.,  1847,  Md. 
Miles,  B.  B.,  1861,  Md. 
Miles,  Edward  S.,  1874,  Md. 
Miles,  James  H.,  1845,  Md. 
Miles,  W.  P.,  Jr.,  1890,  La. 
Milholland,  Edward  F.,  1858,  Md. 
Millar,  John  W.,  1850,  Md. 
Miller,  Aaron  B  ,  1882,  N.  Y. 
Miller,  C.  Edward,  1869,  Md. 
Miller,  Edward,  1826,  Md. 
Miller,  E.  L.,  1884,  Pa. 
Miller,  Henry,  1824,  Md. 
Miller,  Irving,  1877,  Md. 
Miller,  James  B.,  1873,  Mo. 
Miller,  James  B.,  1878,  Md. 
Miller,  James  W.,  1849,  Md. 


CATALOGUE    OF   ALUMNI. 


189 


Miller,  John  L.,  1819,  S.  C. 

Miller,  Tempest  C,  1S89,  Pa. 

Milligan,  L.  Hubert,  1890,  Tenn. 

Mills,  Bernard,  1853,  Md. 

Mills,  Sylvanus  B.,  1849,  ^^d. 

Mills,  Thomas  F.,  1846,  Md. 

Mills,  William  G.,  18  4,  S.  C. 

Mills,  William  V.,  1866,  Va. 

Miltenberger,  George  W.,  1840,  Md. 

Minor,  Charles,  1S35,  Va. 

Minor,  Jefferson,  1824,  Va. 

Minor,  John  H.,  1852,  Va. 

Mitchell,  Andrew  B.,  1866,  Md. 

Mitchell,  A.  R.,  1877,  Md. 

Mitchell,  Charles  W.,  1881,  Md. 
Mitchell,  Clarence  L.,  1875,  Md. 
Mitchell,  Frederick  D.,  1846,  Md. 
Mitchell,  Frederick  G.,  1880,  Md. 
Mitchell,  George  A.,  1853,  Md. 
Mitchell,  George  L.,  1848,  Md. 
Mitchell,  Howard  E.,  1882,  Md. 
Mitchell,  James  E.,  1865,  Md. 
Mitchell,  James  R.,  1827,  Md. 
Mitchell,  Lawrence  G.,  1S84,  Va. 
Mitchell,  Lemuel  P.,  1847,  Md. 
Mitchell,  Millard  L.,  1S76,  Md. 
Mitchell,  Richard  T.,  1854,  Va. 
Mitchell,  Thomas  E.,  1853,  Md. 
Mitchell,  William,  1889,  Md. 
Mitchell,  William  F.,  18S9,  S.  C. 
Moale,  William  A.,  1879,  Md. 
Mobberley,  J.  Bradley,  1870,  Md. 
Moler,  John  E.,  1840,  Va. 
Moncure,  James  D.,  186S,  Va. 
Monkur,  John  C.  S.,  1822,  Md. 
Monmonier,  J,  Carroll,  1886,  Md. 
Monmonier,  John  F.,  1834,  Md. 
Monmonier,  John  N.  K.,  1858,  Md. 
Monmonier,  Louis,  1861,  Md. 
Monmonier,  Louis  A.,  1864,  Md. 
Monroe,  William  A.,  1886,  N.  C. 
Montgomery,  Charles  P.,  1836,  S.  C. 
Montgomery,  James,  1819,  Md. 
Montgomery,  William  T.,  1851,  Md. 
Moon,  Dennis  F.,  1824,  S.  C. 


Moon,  M.  W.,  Jr.,  1822,  S.  C. 

Moore,  Daniel  M.,  1813,  Pa. 

Moore,  Dickey,  1859,  N.  C. 

Moore,  Edwin  G.,  1883,  N.  C. 

Moore,  George,  1826,  Pa. 

Moore,  Gledstanes  A.,  184S,  Md. 

Moore,  Harrison  C,  1869,  111. 

Moore,  J.  H.,  1872,  Va. 

Moore,  James  M.,  1867,  Md. 

Moore,  Lawson  B.,  1S87,  Va. 

Moore,  Nathaniel  T.  H.,  1838,  Md. 

Moore,  Reuben  H.,  1857,  Va. 

Moore,  Robert,  1819,  Pa. 

Moore,  William  Boswell,   1840,  Ire- 
land. 

Moore,  William  S.,  1825,  Ohio. 

Moorehead,  Charles  C,  1S68,  Md. 

Moores,  Samuel  L.,  1852,  Md. 

Moorman,  J.  A.,  1868,  Va. 

Moorman,  John  B.,  1888,  Va. 

Moran,  George  H.  R.,  1865,  Md. 

Moran,  John  J.,  1845,  ^d. 

Moran,  Pedro  de  Serquira,  1SS7,  Va. 

Morancy,  Emilius,  1822,  Md. 

MoRFiT,  Campbell,  1853,  Md. 
Morfit,  Charles  M.,  1861,  Md. 
Morgan,  DeWitt  C,  1857,  Md. 
Morgan,  John,  1821,  Va. 
Morgan,  Wilbur  P.,  1862,  Va. 
Morgan,  William,  182 1,  Del. 
Morgan,  William  T.,  1833,  Md, 
Morgan,  William  T.,  1S84,  Pa. 
Morgan,  William  W.,  1S25,  Va. 
^  Morijio,     Manuel,      1822,     Buenos 

Ayres. 
Morison,  James,  1846,  Md. 
Morison,  James  M.,  1859,  Md. 
Morison,  John  P.,  1824,  Pa. 
Morison,  Robert  B.,  1874,  Md. 
Morla,  Jose  A.,  1858,  Guayaquil. 
Morrill,  Jenness,  18S8,  N.  C. 
Morris,  George  G.,  1884,  Pa. 
Morris,  Henry,  1828,  Md. 
Morris,  John,  1826,  Va. 
Morris,  Lewis,  1890,  Md. 


lAlsoHon.  M.D. 


IQO 


THE   UNIVERSITY    OF    MARYLAND. 


Morris,  Louis  W.,  1847,  Md. 
Morris,  Louis  W.,  1885,  Md. 
Morrison,  Edwin  T.,  1887,  Ohio. 
Morrison,  George  W.,  1862,  Md. 
Morrison,  Harry  C,  1866,  Md. 
Morrison,  Philo  P.,  1889,  N.  C. 
Morrow,  Charles  W.,  1888,  Md. 
Mosher,  William,  1823,  Md. 
Mosier,  J.  Russell,  1883,  Pa. 
Motte,  Francis  M.,  1845,  La. 
Motter,  Edward  S.,  1S54,  Md. 
Mountz,  John  W.,  1827,  Md. 
Mowers,  Joseph  H.,  1878,  Pa. 
MowRY,  Peter,  1825,  Pa. 
Moyer,  Lewis  W.,  1887,  Pa. 
Mudd,  George  D.,  1848,  Mo. 
Mudd,  James  M.,  1856,  Md. 
Mudd,  Jerome  F.,  1828,  D.  C. 
Mudd,  John  B.,  1827,  Md. 
Mudd,  Joseph  A.,  1864,  Mo. 
Mudd,  J.  T.,  1884,  Md. 
Mudd,  Samuel  A.,  1856,  Md. 
MuiR,  Samuel  C,  1819,  D.  C. 
Mullan,  James  A.,  1857,  Md. 
Muller,  John  R.,  1852,  Md. 
MuUikin,  Benjamin  O.,  1838,  Md. 
MuUikin,  James  McE.,  1842,  Md. 
Mullineux,  Elisha  E.,  1874,  Md. 
Mullins,  John  B.,  1887,  Va. 
Mumford,  David  E.,  1852,  Md. 
Mumma,  Edward  W.,  1851,  Md. 
Muncaster,  James  C,  1819,  D.  C. 
Muncaster,  Magruder,  1883,  D.  C. 
Muncaster,  Otho  M.,  1866,  Md. 
Mundell,  John  H.,  1849,  Md. 
Munnickhuysen,    William   T.,    1826, 

Md. 
Munroe,  Thomas,  1829,  Md. 
Munroe,  Thomas  F.,  1868,  Fla. 
Murdock,  Thomas  F.,  1850,  Md. 
Murphy,  Dennis,  1833,  Md. 
Murphy,  E.  Y.,  1872,  Tenn. 
Murphy,  P.  L.,  1871,  N,  C. 
Murphy,  Thomas  L.,  1819,  Md. 
Murray,  James  H.,  1838,  Md. 
Murray,  John  A.,  1885,  Pa. 


Murray,  Robert  M.,  1882,  Va. 
Murray,  T.  Morris,  1873,  Md. 
Murray,  William  H.,  1854,  Md. 
Murrell,  Thomas  E.,  1875,  Ark. 
Muse,  James  A,,  1834,  Md. 
Muse,  Joseph  E.,  1838,  Md. 
Muse,  Josiah  A.  B.,  i860,  Md, 
Musgrove,  Robert  T.,  1825,  Md. 
Myers,  A.  Harald,  1882,  Pa. 
Myers,  Charles  L.,  1888,  Pa. 
Myers,  Edward  W.,  1862,  Pa. 
Myers,  Errett  C,  1879,  W.  Va. 
Myers,  H.  K.,  1867,  Pa. 
Myers,  Theodore,  1823,  Md. 
Myers,  Z.  C,  1881,  Pa. 

Nairn,  John  Charles,  1835,  Md. 
Nalley,  Robert  J.  R.,  1850,  Md. 
Naylor,  Henry  L.  P.,  i860,  Md. 
Naylor,  William  L.,  1869,  D.  C. 
Neal,  Anselm  W.,  1855,  Md. 
Neale,  Bennett,  1838,  Md. 
Neale,  Francis,  1821,  Md. 
Neale,  Francis  C,  1852,  Md. 
Neale,  L.  Ernest,  1881,  Md. 
Neale,  Robert,  1825,  Md. 
Neale,  Stephen  L.  D.,  1870,  Md. 
Neblitt,  Sterling,  Jr.,  1816,  Va. 
Neff,  Irwin  H.,  1889,  Md. 
Neill,  John  H.,  1889,  N.  Y. 
Neilson,  C.  F.  M.,  1861,  Md. 
Nelson,  Edward  L.,  1823,  Va. 
Nelson,  George  F.,  1883,  Md. 
Nelson,  G.  W.  H.,  1864,  Md. 
Nelson,  H.  C,  1861,  Md. 
Nelson,  Joshua  R.,  1837,  Md. 
Nelson,  Louis  F,,  1849,  Md. 
Nelson,  Nathan,  1845,  Md. 
Nelson,  Robert  H.,  1825,  Va. 
Nelson,  William,  1882,  Va. 
Nelson,  William  Joseph,  1883,  Md. 
Nevitt,  Napoleon  B.,  1857,  Va. 
Nevitt,  Thomas,  1828,  Md. 
Newbill,  William  J.,  1868,  Va. 
Newcomer,  Samuel  F.,  1834,  Md. 
Newman,  Casper  M.,  1842,  Md. 


CATALOGUE   OF   ALUMNI. 


191 


Newman,  Casper  M.,  1S66,  Md. 
Newman,  F.  Hollis,  1827,  Md. 
Newman,  J.  Barbour,  1868,  Va. 
Newman,  James  F.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Newman,  William  G.  H.,  1849,  Md. 
Nichols,  Charles  F.,  1S87,  Del. 
Nichols,  Jeremiah,  1861,  Md. 
Nichols,  William  C,  1857,  Ala. 
Nicholson,  W.  H.,  1889,  N.  C. 
Nickerson,  Charles  C,  1S56,  Md. 
Nicolassen,  George  A.,  1862,  Md. 
Nixon,  Alfred  C,  1863,  N.  C. 
Nixon,  James  W.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Nixon,  Joel  W.,  1878,  Va. 
Noble,  Charles  P.,  1884,  Md. 
Noble,  Jacob  L.,  1876,  Md. 
Noble,  William  D.,  1851,  Md. 
Noble,  William  H.,  1883,  Md. 
Noel,  Agideus,  1S62,  Pa. 
Nolen,  Charles  F.,  1890,  Md. 
Noonan,  Francis  H.,  1S66,  Md. 
Norcom,  John,  1825,  N.  C. 
Norfolk,  William  H.,  1856,  Md. 
Norment,  R.  B.,  Jr.,  1880,  Md. 
Norris,  Basil,  1849,  Md. 
Norris,  G.  W.,  1872,  Md. 
Norris,  H.  Eugene,  1874,  Md. 
Norris,  John  B.,  1866,  Md. 
Norris,  J.  Dimmitt,  1878,  Wash,  Ter. 
Norris,  Milton  McR.,  1880,  Md. 
Norris,  Rhesa  M.,  1878,  Md. 
Norris,  Richard,  1828,  Va. 
Norris,  Robert  R.,  1878,  Md. 
Norris,  Samuel  J.,  1854,  Md. 
Norris,  William,  1824,  Md. 
Norris,  William  H.,  1853,  Md. 
Norris,  W.  H.  W.,  1871,  Md. 
Norwood,  Vernon  L.,  1885,  Md. 
Nott,  J.  Ridley,  1886,  England. 
Nottingham,  Thos.  J.  L.  L,,  1830,  Va. 
Nowland,  Edward  F.,  1852,  Md. 

O'Bryan,  Lawrence,  1821,  Md, 
O'Connor,  John,  1812,  Md, 
O'Donnell,  Joseph  J.,  1854,  Md. 
O'Donnoghue,  Florence,  1855,  D.  C. 


O'Donovan,  Charles,  1853,  Md. 
O'Uonovan,  Charles,  1881,  Md. 
O'Donovan,  John  H,  D.,  1824,  Md. 
Offutt,  Barrack,  1859,  Md, 
Offutt,  J.  Samuel,  1887,  W.  Va. 
Offutt,  Lemuel,  1876,  Md. 
Ogle,  George  C,  1838,  Md, 
Ohle,  Henry  C,  1886,  Md. 
Ohr,  Charles  H.,  1S34,  Md. 
Oliver,  Joseph  L.,  1859,  Md. 
Oliveros,  Bartolo,  1883,  Ga. 
Onderdonk,  Henry  U,,  1873,  Md. 
O'Neal,  J.  W.  Crapster,  1844,  Md. 
O'Neal,  W.  H,,  1871,  Pa. 
O'Neil,  Howard  D.,  1867,  111. 
O'Reilly,  William  B.,  1875,  Md. 
Orrick,  John  H.,  1857,  Md, 
Orrick,  William,  1819,  Md. 
Osborn,  A.  M.,  1834,  N.  C, 
Osborn,  William  H,,  1859,  Md. 
Osburn,  Abner,  1848,  Va. 
Osburn,  Howard,  1877,  W.  Va. 
Oswald,  John,  1834,  Md. 
Ould,  Elisha  R.,  1862,  Md. 
Outten,  Cincinnatus,  1855,  Va. 
Owen,  Charles  W,,  1845,  Md. 
Owen,  John,  1818,  Md. 
Owens,  Augustus  G,  W.,  1849,  Md. 
Owens,  George  E.  R.,  1861,  Va, 
Owens,  Isaac  B.,  1833,  Md, 
Owens,  James  S,,  1823,  D,  C. 
Owens,  Joseph  R,,  1859,  Md, 
Owens,  Thomas,  1859,  Md. 
Owings,  E.  R.,  1889,  Md. 
Owings,  Harry  W.,  i860,  Md. 
Owings,  James  H.,  1854,  Md. 
Owings,  John  H.,  1861,  Md. 
Owings,  Orellana  H.,  1829,  Md. 
Owings,  Samuel  B.,  1823,  Md. 
Owings,  S.  Kennedy,  1845,  Md. 
Owings,  Thomas,  1825,  Md. 
Owings,  Thomas  B,,  1852,  Md. 
Owings,  Thomas  F.,  1844,  Md, 
Oxley,  Silas  W.,  1882,  W.  Va. 

Pacetti,  Joseph  A,,  1858,  Fla, 


192 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Pacetti,  L.  B.,  1873,  Fla. 
Page,  Evelyn,  1889,  Va. 
Page,  John  W.,  1848,  N.  C. 
Page,  W.  H.,  1871,  Ga. 
Painter,  J.  Orville,  1884,  Va. 
Pallen,  M.  Montrose,  1835,  ^^' 
Palmer,  Alfred  C,  1881,  Va. 
Palmer,  Benjamin  R.,  1844,  Pa. 
Palmer,  James  C,  1834,  Md. 
Palmer,  J.  D.,  1872,  Fla. 
Palmer,  John  W.,  1846,  Md. 
Palmer,  Thomas  M.,  1844,  Fla. 
Pape,  G.  W,,  187 1,  Md. 
Parke,  Joseph  M.,  1850,  Pa. 
Parker,  A.  E.,  1872,  Md. 
Parker,  Charles  W.,  1828,  Md. 
Parker,  George,  1823,  Va. 
Parker,  John  B.,  1S87,  Va. 
Parker,  John  H.,  1822,  N.  C. 
Parker,  M.  C„  1872,  S.  C. 
Parramire,  Edward  L.,  1865,  Va. 
Parran,  Richard,  1830,  Md. 
Parran,  Thomas,  1817,  Md. 
Parrish,  William  G.,  1875,  P^- 
Parshall,  J.  Worthington,  1887,  Va. 
Parsons,  Alfred  V.,  1889,  Md. 
Parsons,  Anson,  1865,  Pa. 
Parsons,  James  W.,  1825,  D.  C. 
Parsons,  Samuel  D.,  1S80,  S.  C. 
Partridge,  Frank  E.,  1848,  Md. 
Parvis,  J.  H.,  1S67,  Del. 
Parvis,  W.  W.,  1871,  Del. 
Patillo,  William  H.,  1817,  Va. 
Patrick,  George  R.,  1879,  S.  C. 
Patrick,  Thomas  L,,  1859,  Md. 
Patterson,  B.  M.,  i860,  Pa. 
Patterson,  Frank,  1848,  Md. 
Patterson,  Frank  W.,  1889,  Md. 
Patterson,  George,  1825,  Va. 
Patterson,  John  H.,  1836,  Md. 
Patterson,  John  H.,  1837,  Md. 
Patterson,  William,  1826,  Md. 
Pattison,  John,  1825,  Scotland. 
Patton,  J.  William,  1886,  W.  Va. 
Patton,  William  F.,  1826,  Va. 
Paul,  William  T.,  1869,  N.  C. 


Payne,  Josiah  T.,  1862,  Md. 
Peabody,  William  F.,  1846,  Md. 
Peach,  John,  1858,  Md. 
Peach,  Wm.  E.,  1849,  Md. 
Peake,  William  O.,  1824,  Va. 
Pearce,  George  R.,  1S26,  Md. 
Pearce,  Ross,  1837,  Md. 
Pearsall,  Jere  R.,  1888,  N.  C. 
Pearson,  Charles  L.,  1883,  Md. 
Pearson,  Frank  W.,  1873,  Md. 
Pearson,  W.  R.,  1884,  Md. 
Peck,  Nelson,  18S6,  W.  Va. 
Peirce,  Elias  H=,  1857,  M*d. 
Pemberton,  W.  D.,  1887,  N.  C. 
Pembroke,  George  W.,  1868,  Md. 
Pender,  W.  D.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Pendleton,  Elisha  B.,  1841,  Va. 
Pendleton,  F.,  1871,  Va. 
Penn,  J.  H.  H.,  1820,  Md. 
Penn,  Richard  T.,  1826,  Md. 
Pennington,  Clapham,  1882,  Md. 
Pennington,  John  J.,  1869,  Md. 
Pennington,  J.  Rawson,  18S7,  Ind. 
Pennington,  Samuel,  1888,  Tenn. 
Pennington,  W.  Cooper,  1861,  Md. 
Percival,  Charles,  1836,  S.  C. 
Perkins,  Elisha,  1838,  Pa. 
Perkins,  George  T.,  1874,  Md. 
Perkins,  James  A.,  1854,  Md. 
Perkins,  Joseph  F.,  1833,  Pa. 
Perkins,  Joseph  F.,  1875,  Md. 
Perkins,  J.  Turner,  Jr.,  1877,  Md. 
Perrie,  James  R,  E.,  1858,  Md. 
Perry,  Benjamin  J.,  1829,  Md. 
Perry,  George  C,  1835,  Md. 
Perry,  Heman  F.,  1855,  N.  Y. 
Perry,  J.  Clifford,  1885,  N.  C. 
Perryman,  E.  G.,  1880,  Md. 
Peterson,  Solon  S.,  1883, N.  C. 
Petherbridge,     Gustavus    W.,    1866, 

Md. 
Pettebone,  Philip,  Jr.,  1854,  Md. 
Petters,  W.  G.,  1867,  Texas. 
Pettit,  Alfred  T.,  i85i,Md. 
Pettit,  W.  B.,  Jr.,  1883,  Va. 
Pfaltzgraff,  Samuel  K.,  1886,  Pa. 


CATALOGUE   OF   ALUMNI. 


193 


Phelps,  Francis  P.,  1853,  Md. 
Philips,  C.  C,  1866,  Va. 
Phillips,  B.  F.,  1878,  Md. 
Phillips,  Cyrus  B.,  1882,  N.  J. 
Phillips,  James  R.,  1869,  Md. 
Phillips,  Samuel,  1853,  Md. 
Phillips,  S.  Latimer,  1885,  Va. 
Piek,  Augustus  T.,  1863,  Md. 
Pierce,  H.  Lindsley,  1862,  Va. 
Pierce,  W.  Allen,  1847,  Md. 
Piggot,  Aaron  S.,  1845,  Md. 
Piggot,  Cameron,  1882,  Md. 
Pillsbury,  William  J.,  1889,  Md. 
Pinckard,  F.  A.,  1867,  Va. 
Pindell,  Joseph  T.,  1865,  Md. 
Pindell,  William  N.,  1S48,  Md. 
Pinkston,  Camillus  L.,  1868,  Ala. 
Piper,  Jackson,  1853,  Md. 
Piper,  William  E.,  1830,  Md. 
Piper,  W.  J.,  1867,  Md. 
Pipino,  W.  C,  1873,  111. 
Pitman,  Sariiuel  S.,  1882,  Ga. 
Pitsnogle,  Jeptha  Elworth,  1889,  W. 

Va. 
Pitts,  Barton,  18S1,  Va. 
Pitts,  Charles,  1870,  Va. 
Pitts,  James  D.,  1S82,  Va. 
Plaster,  George  E.,  1848,  Va. 
Pleckner,  Walter  A.,  1885,  Va, 
Plowden,  William  H.,  1839,  Md. 
Plummer,  J.  W.,  1829,  N.  Y. 
Poe,  William  C,  1865,  Md. 
Poindexter,  James  W.,  1S34,  Va, 
Poitts,  William  E.,  1829,  Md. 
Pole,  Arminius  C,  1876,  Md. 
Pollock,  Lewis  L.,  1856,  S.  C. 
Poole,  J.  S.,  1887,  Md. 
Poole,  Thomas,  1825,  Md. 
Porcher,  Peter,  1823,  S.  C. 
Porter,  A.  L.,  188S,  Md. 
Porter,  Alexander  Shaw,  1889,  Md. 
Porter,  David,  1826,  Pa. 
Porter,  M.  Gibson,  1886,  Md. 
Porter,  Robert  F.,  1888,  Va. 
Porter,  Robert  J.,  1876,  N.  C. 
Posey,  Cataldus  H.,  1886,  Md. 


Pottenger,  John  H.,  1844,  Md. 
P.ottenger,  Thomas  W.,  1847,  Md. 
Pottie,  Charles,  1826,  Va. 
Powell,  Alexander,  1829,  Md. 
Powell,  John  F.,  1853,  Md. 
Powell,  John  H.  E.,  1879,  Va. 
Powell,  Junius  L.,  1867,  Va. 
Powell,  Samuel  F.,  1861,  Md. 
Power,  James,  1834,  D.  C. 
Power,  William,  1835,  Md. 
Pratt,  Stephen  H.,  1849,  Md. 
Prentiss,  Harry  G.,  1881,  Md. 
Prentiss,  John  H.,  1848,  Md. 
Pressly,  Ebenezer  W.,  1887,  S.  C. 
Pressly,  J.  M.,  1884,  N.  C. 
Preston,  Alonzo,  1820,  Md. 
Preston,  Jacob  A.,  18 17,  Md. 
Price,  A.  B.,  1867,  Md. 
Price,  A.  H.,  1861,  Md. 
Price,  Benjamin  F.,  1857,  Md. 
Price,  Edward  B.,  1849,  HI- 
Price,  Eldridge  C,  1874,  Md. 
Price,  Elias  C,  1848,  Md. 
Price,  Ignatius,  1816,  Va. 
Price,  James  H.,  1864,  Md. 
Price,  James  Marshall,  1890,  Md. 
Price,  John  C,  1852,  Md. 
Price,  John  F.,  1835,  Md. 
Price,  Joshua  T.,  1868,  Md. 
Price,  Mahlon  C,  1830,  Md. 
Price,  Richard  E.,  1862,  Md. 
Price,  Robert  F.,  1857,  Va. 
Price,  Robert  J.,  1866,  Md. 
Price,  William  R.,  1829,  Md. 
Priestly,  Edward,  1851,  Md. 
Prigg,  Joseph,  1828,  Md. 
Prince,  Anthony  W.,  1827,  Md. 
Prosser,  Albert  H.,  1829,  Va. 
Pryor,  George  E.,  1824,  Md. 
Pryor,  James  W.,  1828,  Md. 
Pue,  Arthur,  1826,  Md. 
Pue,  Michael,  1825,  Md. 
Pue,  Michael,  1S79,  Md, 
Pue,  Richard  R.,  1838,  Md. 
Pue,  Robert,  1833,  Md. 
Pue,  William  H.,  i860,  Md. 


194 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Pumphrey,  B.  W.,  1830,  Va. 
Pumphrey,  Horace  W.  W.,  1830,  Va. 
Purcell,  James  B.,  1866,  Mo. 
Purdie,  John  R.,  1829,  Va. 
Purnell,  James  B.  R.,  1850,  Md. 
Purnell,  Ralph  C,  1887,  Md. 
Pye,  Charles  H.,  1851,  Md. 
Pye,  Edward  A.,  1842,  Md. 

Quail,  Charles  E.,  1867,  Md. 
Quinan,  Pascal  A.,  1851,  Md. 
Quinn,  Samuel  S.,  1859,  Md. 

Raborg,  Christopher  H.,  1837,  Md. 
Raborg,  J.  S.,  1867,  Md. 
Raborg,  Samuel  A.,  i860,  Md. 
Ragan,  O.  H.  Williams,  1874,  Md. 
Ragan,  William,  1845,  Md. 
Rainey,  William  A.,  1825,  Md. 
Randolph,  Robert  L.,  1884,  Va. 
Rankin,  Robert  G.,  1850,  Md. 
Ranson,  Briscoe  B.,  1869,  Va. 
Rawlings,  William,  1875,  ^^• 
Ray,  H.  J.,  1872,  Miss. 
Ray,  Joseph  C.  B.,  1888,  Ky. 
Read,  James  B.,  1849,  Ga. 
Read,  John  L.,  1849,  ^^^ 
Read,  Nelson  C,  1841,  Md. 
Readel,  John  D.,  Jr.,  1850,  Md. 
'  Reamer,  Howard  C,  1885,  Va. 
Reamer,  Norman  G.,  1870,  Md. 
Reardon,  William  M.,  1874,  Va, 
Rebman,  George  A.,  1S76,  Pa. 
Reed,  George  V.  A.,  1836,  Va'. 
Reed,  James  A.,  1841,  Md. 
Reed,  John  H.,  1885,  Ind. 
Reed,  William  P.,  1865,  Va. 
Reeder,  George,  1840,  Md, 
Reeder,  John  B.,  1839,  Md. 
Reese,  David  M.,  1819,  Md. 
Reese,  D.  Meredith,  18S9,  Md. 
Reeves,  John  R.  T.,  1858,  Md. 
Regester,  Wilson  G.,  1880,  Md. 
Rehberger,  John  H.,  1873,  ^d. 
Reiche,  Peter  H.,  1869,  Md. 
Reid,  E.  Miller,  1864,  Md. 


Reid,  John  T.,  1881,  N.  C. 
Reindollar,  William,  1847,  Pa. 
Reinhart,  D.  J.,  187 1,  Md. 
Reintzel,  Henry,  1828,  D.  C. 
Remsberg,  Albert  J,,  1874,  Md. 
Rench,  Samuel  H.,  1827,  Md. 
Renner,  W.  H.,  1876,  Md. 
Rennolds,  Henry  T.,  1867,  Md. 
Rennolds,  William  R.,  1866,  Va. 
Reutter,  George  N.,  1858,  Pa. 
Revell,  Henry  M.,  1876,  Md. 
Revell,William  Theodore,  1847,  Md. 
Reynolds,  A.  S.,  1S80,  W.  Va. 
Reynolds,  John,  1840,  Va. 
Reynolds,  Thomas,  1841,  Md. 
Rice,  Charles  H.,  1885,  W.Va. 
Rich,  Arthur,  Jr.,  1836,  Md. 
Rich,  Arthur  J.,  1848,  Md. 
Rich,  Frank  R.,  1889,  Md. 
Richard,  Victor  P.,  1850,  Md. 
Richards,  H.  Preston,  1889,  Md. 
Richards,  John  C,  1834,  Md. 

Richardson,  Braxton  B.,  1887,  Md. 

Richardson,  Charles,  1816,  Md. 

Richardson,  Charles  C,  1855,  Md. 

Richardson,  Henry,  1864,  Md. 

Richardson,  J.  Julius,  1889,  W.  Va. 

Richardson,  Marcus  D.,  1846,  Ky. 

Richardson,  Samuel  S.,  1848,  Md, 

Richmond,  Nathaniel  E.,  1884,  Va, 

Rickards,  H.  N.,  1888,  Md. 

Ricketts,  David  F.,  1859,  Md. 

Rider,  Charles  E.,  1850,  Md. 

Rider,  Noah  S.,  1850,  Md. 

Rider,  Thomas  W.  P.,  1852,  Md. 

Rider,  William  B.,  1879,  Md. 

Rider,  William  H.,  1827,  Md. 

Ridgely,  Aquila  T.,  1848,  Md. 

Ridgely,  B.  Rush,  1847,  Md. 

Ridgely,  Charles,  1836,  Md. 

Ridgely,  James  L.,  1888,  Md. 

Ridgely,  John,  1841,  Md. 

Ridgely,  Nicholas  G.,  1862,  Md. 

Ridgely,  Richard  G.,  1827,  Md. 

Ridout,  Samuel,  1840,  Md. 

Ridout,  Samuel,  1846,  Md. 


CATALOGUE    OF   ALUMNI. 


195 


Ridout,  Z.  Duvall,  1869,  Md. 
Riggin,  H,  H.,  1822,  Md. 
Riggs,  Augustus,  1874,  Md. 
Riley,  Charles  H.,  1880,  Md. 
Riley,  David,  1861,  Md. 
Riley,  Joshua,  1824,  Md. 
Rippard,  William  II.,  1863,  Md. 
Ristau,  Thomas  C,  18 19,  Md. 
Ritter,  Francis  O.,  1881,  Pa. 
Rivers,  Edmund  C,  1879,  Md. 
Rivers,  Philip,  1848,  Md. 
Roach,  Edward  W,,  1880,  Ga. 
Roach,  Elisha  J.,  1S54,  Md. 
Robb,  John  A.,  Jr.,  1880,  Md. 
Robb,  Patrick  C,  18 15,  Va. 
Robbins,  U.  H.,  1850,  Md. 
Roberts,  Charles  E.,  1S64,  Md. 
Roberts,  George,  1818,  Md. 
Roberts,  George  M.  C,  1826,  Md. 
Roberts,  James,  1834,  Pa. 
Roberts,  Samuel  L.  P.,  1820,  Md. 
Roberts,  Thomas  A.,  1825,  Md. 
Roberts,  William  B.,  1851,  Md. 
Roberts,  William  H.,  1841,  Md. 
Robertson,  Benjamin  F.,  1822,  Tenn. 
Robertson,  Charles,  1837,  N.  Y. 
Robertson,  Edgar  W.,  1866,  Md. 
Robertson,  Fenwick,  1854,  Md. 
Robertson,  Frederick  D.,  1826,  Tenn. 
Robertson,  George  J.,  1834,  Md. 
Robertson,  H.  W.,  1828,  Md. 
Robertson,  James,  1820,  Md. 
Robertson,  James  B.,  1826,  Md. 
Robertson,  Peyton,  1824,  Tenn. 
Robertson,  Samuel  H.,  1853,  Md. 
Robertson,  Thomas,  1822,  Va, 
Robertson,  William  W.,  1864,  Md. 
Robins,  William  H,,  i860,  Va. 
Robins,  William  L.,  1890,  Md. 
Robinson,  Alexander,  1845,  Va. 
Robinson,  Charles  B.,  1853,  Md, 
Robinson,  George  L.,  1865,  Md. 
Robinson,  George  W.,  1824,  Va. 
Robinson,  John  A.,  1883,  Va, 
Robinson,  John  B.,  1862,  Md. 
Robinson,  John  H.,  1883,  Kansas. 


Robinson,  L.  B.,  1886,  Pa. 
Robinson,  Robert  K.,  1859,  Md. 
Robinson,  W.  L.,  1887,  Pa. 
Robosson,  Thomas  P.,  1859,  Md. 
Rogers,  Charles  E.,  1885,  Va. 
Rogers,  Francis,  1845,  ^^'^• 
Rogers,  Plenry  C,  1856,  Md. 
Rogers,  James  B.,  1822,  Va. 
Rogers,  John,  1822,  S.  C. 
Rogers,  Samuel  O.,  1846,  Md. 
Rogers,  William,  1834,  La. 
Rogers,  William  H.,  1850,  Md. 
Rogers,  William  H.,  1873,  ^^' 
Rogers,  Winston  D.,  1853,  Pa. 
Rohe,  George  H.,  1873,  Md. 
Rohrbaugh,  Edwin  P.,  1881,  Pa. 
Rolando,  Henry,  1883,  Md. 
Roman,  Philip  D.,  1858,  Md. 
Romero,  Jose  L.,  1879,  Cuba. 
Roose,  William  S.,  Jr.,  1890,  D.  C. 
Roripaugh,  Louis  L.,  1889,  N.  Y. 
Rosamond,  James  O.,  1889,  S.  C. 
Rose,  William  R.,  1834,  Va. 
Roseberry,  Benjamin  S.,  1874,  Md. 
Roseborough,  John  R.,  1829,  Pa. 
Ross,  Charles  Ellis,  1889,  N.  C. 
Ross,  John  B.,  1833,  Md. 
Ross,  William  T,  H.,  1852,  Md. 
Rosse,  Irving,  C,  1866,  Md. 
Rosse,  Zadock  H.,  1822,  Md. 
Roszell,  Stephen  W.,  1826,  Md. 
Roundtree,  Thos.  W,,  1841,  Ireland. 
Rourk,  Francis,  1865,  Canada  West. 
Rowan,  M.,  1815,  Va. 
Rowe,  George  T.,  1877,  Md. 
Rowe,  Robert  S.,  1880,  Md, 
Rowe,  Walter  B.,  1862,  Md. 
Rowland,  Samuel,  1874,  Md. 
Rowland,  William  B.,  1834,  Md. 
Rowzee,  Edward  A.,  1827,  Va. 
Rudenstein,  John,  1842,  Md. 
Rusk,  G.  G.,  1867,  Md. 
Russell,  Charles,  1S48,  Me. 
Russell,  C.  F.,  1867,  Va. 
Russell,  R.  J.,  1882,  Pa. 
Russell,  William  L.,  1869,  Md. 


196 


THE   UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND, 


Rutland,  William  C,  1844,  Tenn. 
Rutledge,  John  B.,  1822,  Md. 
Rutter,  Alexander,  1864,  Md, 
Rutter,  Edward  J.,  1837,  Md. 
Rymer,  William  A.,  1S90,  W.  Va. 

Sadtler,  C.  E.,  1873,  Md. 
Salley,  M.  G.,  1872,  S.  C. 
Sams,  Carlton  C,  1834,  Md, 
Sanders,  Joel  B.,  1819,  Ky, 
Sanders,  J.  W.,  1873,  Ga. 
Sanders,  William  W.,  1861,  Md. 
Sanderson,  William  R.,  1834,  Md. 
Sanderson,  W^  Raymond,  18S2,  Md. 
Sandrock,  William  C,  1878,  Md. 
Sands,  Robert  McM.,  1883,  Pa, 
Sands,  William,  1823,  Md. 
Sappington,  Asbury  S.,  1856,  Md. 
Sappington,  Augustine  A.,  1853,  Md, 
Sappington,  G.  R.,  1843,  Md. 
Sappington,  P.  F.,  1S87,  Md. 
Sappington,  Richard,  1851,  Md. 
Sappington,  Sidney  A.,  1848,  Md, 
Sappington,  Thomas  P.,  1869,  Md, 
Sartwell,  Henry  P.,  1841,  N,  Y, 
Sasscer,  Frederick,  1850,  Md. 
Saunders,  Walton,  1856,  Va. 
Savage,  William,  1826,  Ga, 
Sawyer,  Charles  W.,  1885,  N.  C. 
Sawyer,  Leroy  L.,  1890,  N,  C. 
Saxton,  Alexander  H,,  1863,  Md, 
Scarboro,  Silas,  1857,  Md,  - 
Scarff,  William  T.,  1857,  Md. 
Schaefer,  Theodore  W.,  1880,  Md. 
Schaeffer,  Edward  M.,  1880,  Md, 
Schaffner,  D.  W.,  1887,  Pa. 
Scheldt,  Otho  F.,  1856,  Md. 
Schiltneck,  Vandyke  G.,  1882,  Md. 
Schindel,  E.  Myley,  1883,  Md, 
Schindel,  O.  M,,  1873,  Md. 
Schley,  Fairfax,  1846,  Md, 
Schley,  Frederick  A.,  1866,  Md. 
Schley,  W,  K.,  1835,  Ga, 
Schloss,  A.  S.,  1884,  N.  Y. 
Schoch,  J.  L.,  1870,  Va. 
SchoU,  C.  E,,  1873,  Md. 


Schuessler,  Frank  W.,  1890,  Md. 

Schultz,  Henry,  1830,  Md. 

Schwalbe,  Samuel,  1885,  Hungary. 

Schwatka,  J.  Bushrod,  18S2,  Md. 

Scott,  Daniel,  1820,  Md. 

Scott,  Edward  A.,  1886,  Md. 

Scott,  Henry  C,  1857,  Md, 

Scott,  John  H.,  1828,  Md. 

Scott,  John  S.,  1819,  Md. 

Scott,  J,  Ward,  Jr.,  1866,  Mo, 

Scott,  Lee,  1868,  Mo. 

Scott,  Norman  B.,  1886,  Md, 

Scott,  Oliver  G.,  1833,  Pa, 

Scott,  Richard  J.,  1855,  Md. 

Sears,  James  E.,  1S66,  Md. 

Sears,  Thomas  E.,  1874,  Md, 

Sease,  John  M.,  18S6,  S.  C. 

Sedwick,  John  A.,  1830,  Md. 

Sedwick,  William  A.,  i860,  Md, 

Sailer,  Jeren)iah,  1843,  P^* 

Seiss,  Raymond  S.,  1852,  Md. 

Selby,  Milton,  1839,  N.  C. 

Seldner,  S,  W,,  1872,  Md. 

Seldon,  Richard  Y.,  1827,  Va, 
Sellers,  Henry  D,,  1825,  Md. 
Sellman,  John  H.,  1830,  Md. 
Sellman,  W,  A.  B.,  1872,  Md. 
Seth,  James,  1865,  Md. 
Sewall,  Clement  K.,  1836,  Md, 
Sewell,  Franklin  L.,  1851,  Va, 
Sexton,  C.  H.,  1890,  N.  C. 
Sexton,  James  A,,  1873,  N,  C. 
Seys,  Henry  H.,  1853,  Md. 
Shackelford,  J.  A.,  1873,  Miss, 
Shamburger,  J.  B.,  1890,  N.  C, 
Shands,  Aurelius  R.,  1884,  Va, 
Shane,  Samuel,  1827,  Md. 
Sharp,  Ezra  B.,  1888,  N.  J. 
Shaw,  Frank  T.,  1864,  Md,  . 
Shea,  Richard,  1830,  Md. 
Shearer,  Niles  H.,  1866,  Pa. 
Shearer,  P.  T.,  Jr.,  1889,  W.  Va. 
Sheehy,  Edward  La  F.,  1851,  Md 
Shefleton,  J.  J.,  1884,  Ohio, 
Shelburn,  Silas  E.,  1883,  Va, 
Shelmerdine,  Robert,  1820,  Md, 


CATALOGUE    OF   ALUMNI. 


197 


Shemwell,  J.  F.,  1889,  Md. 
Shepherd,  Henry  L.,  1880,  Md. 
Shepherd,  J.  Hooper,  1880,  Md. 
Shepherd,  J.  T.,  1874,  Ga. 
Shertzer,  Abram  T.,  1869,  Md. 
Shields,  Jefferson,  1825,  Md. 
Shields,  John  W.,  1853,  Md. 
Shields,  John  W.,  1868,  Ind.' 
Shields,  Thomas  K.,  1890,  W.  Va. 
Shipley,  Benjamin  F.,  1883,  Md. 
Shipley,  D.  McG.,  1871,  Md. 
Shipley,  George  S.  D.,  1837,  Md. 
Shipley,  Henry  C,  1865,  Md. 
Shipley,  Joseph  P.  H.,  1844,  Md. 
Shipley,  Luke  M.,  1869,  Ind. 
Shipley,  Nimrod  O.,  1848,  Md. 
Shipley,  William  S.,  1868,  Md. 
Shipp,  G.  Linton,  1885,  Va. 
Shippen,  Charles  C,  1879,  Md. 
Shirley,  J.  Fletcher,  1883,  S.  C. 
Shoemaker,  Edwin  B.  S.,  1864,  Md. 
Shoemaker,  William  A.,  1885,  Pa. 
Shoemaker,  W.  J.,  1882,  Pa. 
Shorb,  Basil  J.,  1889,  Pa. 
Shorb,  Edmund  F.,  1846,  Pa. 
Shorb,  Joseph  A.,  1823,  Pa.* 
Shower,  Jacob,  1825,  Md. 
Shower,  Theodore  A.,  1856,  Md. 
Shreeve,  Thomas  J.,  1886,  Md. 
Shreve,  Charles  W.,  1858,  Md. 
Shriver,  George,  1829,  Md. 
Shubrick,  J.  Templar,  1877,  S.  C. 
Shueey,  Joseph  R.,  1864,  Md. 
Shupe,  Mersellous  B.,  1885,  Pa. 
Shure,  Charles  A.,  1862,  Md. 
Sidwell,  Frank  H.,  1880,  Md. 
Sigler,  George  P.,  1877,  W.  Va*. 
Sikes,  Ginnado  T,,  1883,  N.  C. 
Silljacks,  George  S.,  18S6,  Md. 
Silver,  David  H.,  1S39,  Md. 
Silver,  Howard  C,  1888,  Md. 
Silver,  Peachy  H.,  1835,  Va.    . 
Sim,  Thomas,  1823,  Md. 
Simkins,  Jesse  J.,  1827,  Va. 
Simmons,  Albert  T.,  1864,  Cuba. 
Simmons,  Francis  Y.,  1825,  S.  C. 


Simmons,  Horace  M.,  1881,  Ohio. 
Simon,  Charles  E.,  1890,  Md. 
Simpson,  Edward  B.,  1862,  Md. 
Sims,  L.  v.,  1871,  S.  C. 
Sinclair,  Duncan,  1855,  N.  C. 
Singewald,  Edward  M.,  1888,  Md. 
Sinnott,  John  D.,  1813,  Md. 
Sinsel,  Charles  A.,  1888,  W.  Va. 
Sitler,  James  McCoy,  1828,  Md. 
Skilling,  W.  Quail,  1883,  Md. 
Skinner,  Daniel  H.,  1825,  Md. 
Skinner,  John  O.,  1866,  Md. 
Skinner,  Thomas  E.,  1858,  Md. 
Skinner,  Thomas  H.,  1873,  Tenn. 
Skinner,  William  T.,  1870,  Md. 
Slade,  H.  Montrose,  1884,  Md. 
Slaughter,  James  M.,  1855,  Md. 
Slaughter,  John  P.,  1867,  Va. 
Slaymaker,  Edmund  W.,  1888,  Va. 
Sledge,  James  T.,  1877,  N.  C. 
Slemons,  Albert  B.,  1855,  Md. 
Slemons,  F.  M.,  i860,  Md. 
Slemons,  Thomas,  1828,  Md. 
Slennecke,  Henry  A.,  1822,  Md. 
Slingluff,  Frank,  1868,  Md. 
Slingluff,  Reuben  H.,  1848,  Md. 
Small,  Alexander,  1826,  Pa. 
Smallwood,  John  P.,  1885,  N.  C. 


Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 


th,  Alan  P.,  1861,  Md. 
th,  Austin,  1827,  Va. 
th,  Ballard  R.,  1882,  Va. 
th,  Benjamin  Le  C,  1859,  Md. 
th,  Benjamin  M.,  1S88,  Va. 
th,  Berwick  B.,  1849,  Md. 
th,  Charles  E.,  1825,  Pa. 
th,  Charles  H.,  1844,  Va. 
th,  C.  Urban,  1889,  Md. 
th,  Daniel  W.,  1884,  Md. 
th,  Edward  Jenner,  1825,  Md. 
th,  Fielder  B.,  1855,  Md. 
th,  Francis  J.,  1862,  Md. 
th,  Gideon  B.,  1840,  Md. 
th,  G.  E.  Milton,  18S8,  Md. 
th,  Howard  M.,  1889,  Va. 
th,  Isaac,  1844,  Va. 
th,  James,  1855,  Va. 


198 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 
Sm 


th,  J.  Dawson,  1874,  Va. 

TH,  James  M.,  1856,  Md. 

th,  James  McDuffie,  1833,  S.  C. 

th,  John  Campbell,  1885,  W.  Va. 

th,  John  D.,  1846,  Mass. 

th,  John  Pearson,  1835,  S.  C. 

th,  John  S.,  1856,  Md. 

th,  John  Tyler,  1877,  Va. 

th,  Joseph  T.,  Jr.,  1S72,  Md. 


Smith,  Joseph  Y.,  18 19,  Va. 
Smith,  Leonard  J.,  1819,  Md. 
Smith,  Manning  P.,  1881,  S.  C. 
Smith,  Marshall  G.,  1887,  Md. 
Smith,  Nathan  Ryno,  1886,  Md. 
Smith,  Nathan  R.,  Jr.,  1855,  Md. 
Smith,  Nathaniel  S.,  1864,  Va. 
Smith,  Otho  J.,  1833,  Md. 
Smith,  Randolph  P.,  1881,  Va. 
Smith,  Raphael  W.,  1838,  La. 
Smith,  Reuben,  1855,  Va. 
Smith,  R.  C,  1868,  N.  C. 
Smith,  Richard  H.,  1875,  Md. 
Smith,  Robert  E.,  1825,  Md. 
Smith,  Samuel  P.,  1S17,  Md.  . 
Smith,  Scott  B.,  1857,  Va. 
Smith,  T.  Emory,  1864,  Md. 
Smith,  Thomas  H.  L.,  1847,  Miss. 
Smith,  Walter  P.,  1863,  Md. 
Smith,  Walter  P.,  1890,  Md. 
Smith,  Washington  A.,  1842,  Va. 
Smith,  William  A.,  1880,  Va. 
Smith,  W.  Gray,  1880,  Md. 
Smith,  William  G.,  1823,  Va. 
Smith,  William  H.,  1829,  Md. 
Smith,  William  11.,  1833,  Md. 
Smith,  William  M.,  1830,  Va. 
Smith,  William  Morgan,  1880,  Md. 
Smith,  William  S.,  1883,  Md. 
Smithson,  Frank  P.,  1880,  Pa. 
Smoot,  Andrew  J.,  1852,  Md. 
Smouse,  David  W.,  1876,  Md. 
Snodgrass,  Joseph  E.,  1836,  Va. 
Snowden,  Arthur  M.,  1855,  Md. 
Snowden,  De  Wilton,  1840,  Md. 
Snyder,  Charles  L.,  1812,  Va. 
Snyder,  George  D.,  1827,  Md. 


Snyder,  Henry  D.,  1890,  Pa. 
Snyder,  Henry  W.,  1825,  Md. 
Snyder,  John  C,  Jr.,  1817,  Md. 
Snyder,  Peter,  1823,  Md. 
Sohn,  Edward  C,  1854,  Pa. 
Somers,  Fletcher,  1885,  Md. 
Somerville,  William  A.,  1823,  Md. 
Sommerville,  Richard  H.,  1882,  Md. 
Soule,  James,  1852,  Ohio. 
Soule,  Joshua,  1826,  Md. 
Spalding,  John  T.,  1867,  Md. 
Spalding,  Leonard,  1869,  Ky. 
Spalding,  Stephen  C,  1870,  Md. 
Sparks,  Edward,  1824,  Md. 
Sparrow,  Lewis  G.,  1853,  Md. 
Spath,  Charles,  1861,  N.  C. 
Speck,  Joseph,  1846,  Pa. 
Speight,  Richard  H.,  1870,  N.  C. 
Spence,  Ara,  1848,  Md. 
Spence,  Robert  T.,  1844,  Md. 
Spencer,  Burton  M.,  1880,  N.  Y. 
Spencer,  Francis,  1849,  Md. 
Spencer,  George  W.,  1876,  Pa. 
Spencer,  Samuel,  1828,  Md. 
Sperry,  J.  Austin,  1847,  Md. 
Spicer,  Hiram  L.,  i860,  Md. 
Spiller,  James  S.,  1S70,  Va. 
Spindle,  John  P.,  1827,  Md. 
Spindle,  Philip  S.,  1850,  Va. 
Spring,  Archibald,  1822,  England, 
Spruill,  St.  Clair,  1890,  N.  C. 
Spruill,  W.  T.,  1885,  N.  C. 
Spurrier,  H.  G.,  1889,  Md. 
Stafford,  John,  1823,  Md. 
Stager,  Isaac  R.,  1851,  Pa. 
Stable,  Robert  S.,  1882,  Pa. 
Stan'forth,  Richard,  1855,  Md. 
Stanley,  Thomas  J.,  1S89,  Va. 
Stansbury,  O.,  1873,  Miss. 
Stansbury,  John  T.,  1870,  Md. 
Stansbury,  John  W.,  1870,  Md. 
Stansbury,  Washington  M.,  1836,  Md. 
Stansell,  J.  McQ.,  1872,  N.  C. 
Stanton,  William,  1834,  S.  C. 
Starr,  Hezekiah,  1836,  Md. 
Steel,  Charles  L.,  1882,  Va. 


CATALOGUE    OF    ALUMNI. 


199 


Steel,  Frank  R.,  D.  D.  S.,  1890,  Va. 
Steele,  Charles  H.,  1835,  Md. 
Steele,  Joseph  W.,  1856,  Md. 
Steele,  Thomas  B.,  1844,  Md. 
Steele,  Thomas  R.,  1849,  Va. 
Stein,  Attila  E.,  1868,  Md. 
Steiner,  Ralph,  1883,  Texas. 
Steinhofer,  Christian,  1854,  Md. 
Stenson,  J.  Fenwick,  1863,  Md. 
Stephen,  Charles  H.,  1839,  Md. 
Stephens,  Albert,  1869,  Md. 
Stephens,  William  T.,  1826,  Md. 
Stephenson,  Matt  K.,  18S1,  N.  C. 
Stephenson,  Philip  P.  W.,  1836,  Va. 
Steptoe,  George  N.,  1817,  Va. 
Steuart,  Caecilius  C,  1882,  Md. 
Steuart,  James  A.,  1850,  Md. 
Steuart,  James  H.,  1857,  Md. 
Steuart,  Richard  S.,  1822,  Md. 
Steuart,  William  F.,  1S39,  Md. 
Stevens,  Edward  T.,  1853,  Md. 
Stevens,  Jesse  L.,  1878,  Md. 
Stevens,  John  H.,  1857,  Md. 
Stevens,  N.  C,  1875,  Ga. 
Stevenson,  Charles  P.,  1848,  Md. 
Stevenson,  J.  M.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Stevenson,  James  S.,  1841,  Ky. 
Stevenson,  John  M.,  1862,  Md. 
Stevenson,  W.  W.,  1880,  Md. 
Stewart,  Benjamin  F.,  1826,  Va. 
Stewart,  Benjamin  W.,  1837,  Md. 
Stewart,  David,  1844,  Md. 
Stewart,  Hammond,  1828,  Md. 
Stewart,  Orlando  C,  1878,  Pa. 
Stewart,  Reverdy  B.,  1865,  Va. 
Stier,  Jay  H.,  1886,  Md. 
Stillman,  William  A.,  1823,  Va. 
Stirling,  Robert  H.,  1859,  Md. 
Stites,  John  S,,  1856,  Md. 
Stockett,  Richard  G.,  1826,  Md. 
Stoddard,  W.  T.,  1882,  S.  C. 
Stokes,  James  H.,  1868,  Md. 
Stokes,  Lawrence  C,  1886,  N,  C. 
Stokes,  Whitefoord  S.,  1887,  S.  C. 
Stokes,  William  B.,  1861,  Md. 
Stokes,  William  H.,  1834,  Md. 


Stone,  C.  G.,  1872,  Md. 
Stone,  D.  Edwin,  1864,  Md. 
Stone,  George  S.,  1890,  S.  C. 
Stone,  Henry  L.,  1868,  Ala. 
Stone,  L  S.,  1872,  Md. 
Stone,  James  M.,  1843,  Md. 
Stone,  John  P.  R.,  1830,  Va. 
Stone,  John  W.,  1835,  Md. 
Stone,  Llewellyn  P.,  1866,  Md. 
Stone,  Michael  J.,  1834,  Md. 
Stone,  Thomas  J.,  1837,  Md. 
Stone,  Thomas  W.,  1836,  Md. 
Stone,  W.  H.,  1864,  Md. 
Stonebraker,  A.  S.,  1856,  Md. 
Stonesifer,  Lewis,  1852,  Pa. 
Stonestreet,  Edward  E.,  1852,  Md. 
Stout,  John  W.,  1833,  Va. 
Stout,  William  F.,  1887,  Va. 
Strahan,  Theodore,  1867,  Md. 
Straughn,  Frederick,  1870,  Md, 
Street,  Abraham,  1821,  Md. 
Streets,  Samuel  W.,  1853,  Md. 
Strickland,  J.  T.,  1890,  N.  C. 
Strode,  Edward  L.,  1889,  W.  Va. 
Strong,  Charles  M.,  1888,  N.  C. 
Strother,  Edwin  F.,  1867,  S.  C. 
Stuart,  Charles  B.,  1818,  Md. 
Stuart,  George  W.,  1833,  Md. 
Stuart,  Joseph  N.,  1828,  D.  C. 
Stuart,  William  W.,  1842,  Del. 
Stump,  William  H.,  1848,  Md. 
Sugg,  Phesanton  S,,  1826,  N.  C. 
Sulivane,  Vans  M.,  1830,  Md. 
Sullivan,  George  B.,  1859,  Md. 
Sullivan,  John  J.,  1875,  Md. 
Sullivan,  J.  McK.,  1861,  Ireland. 
Sulton,  Henry  C,  1880,  N.  Y. 
Summers,  Charles  L.,  Jr.,  1887,  N.  C. 
Summers,  James  P.,  1868,  Md. 
Summers,  Reuben,  1824,  Md. 
Sunderland,  William  H.,  1858,  Md. 
Suter,  W.  Norwood,  1886,  Va. 
Sutton,  James  D.,  1827,  Md. 
Sutton,  Lewis  J.,  1854, Md. 
Sutton,  Richard  E.,  1851,  Md. 
Sutton,  William  L.,  1819,  Ky. 


200 


THE    UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND, 


Swan,  Charles  F.  B.,  1847,  Md. 
Swearingen,  Charles  V.,  1825,  Md. 
Sweeney,  Timothy  C,  1868,  Md. 
Sweeting,  James  K.  P.,  1868,  Md. 
Swentzell,  Walter  T.,  1877,  Md. 
Swope,  John,  1821,  Md. 
Swope,  Samuel,  1830,  Md. 
Symington,  John,  1867,  Md. 

Taggart,  Charles  C,  .1887,  S.  C. 
Talbott,  Henry  T.,  1887,  W.  Va. 
Talbott,  L.  Wilson,  1883,  W,  Va. 
Talbott,  T.  Melville,  1870,  D.  C, 
Taliaferro,  Benjamin,  1853,  Va. 
Tall,  Reuben  J.  H.,  1865,  Md. 
Tally,  Ezekiel  S.,  1824,  Va. 
Taney,  Augustine,  1821,  Md. 
Taney,  Octavius  C,  1815,  Md. 
Taneyhill,  G.  Lane,  1865,  Ohio. 
Tanner,  James,  1823,  Md. 
Tarr,  Charles  E.,  1854,  Md. 
Tatman,C.  D.,  1837,  Del. 
Taylor,  Ashby  M.,  1887,  Va. 
Taylor,  Frederick  W.,  1884,  Va. 
Taylor,  George,  1851,  Md. 
Taylor,  George  A.,  1890,  Md. 
•Taylor,  George  W.,  1850,  Mo. 
Taylor,  Isaac  F.,  1846,  Ohio. 
Taylor,  Isaac  H.,  1836,  Va. 
Taylor,  Jesse,  1816,  Va. 
Taylor,  John  A.,  1836,  Md. 
Taylor,  John  A.,  1866,  Pa. 
Taylor,  John  B.,  1855,  Va. 
Taylor,  Leonard  C.,*i830,  Va. 
Taylor,  M.,  1871,  Md. 
Taylor,  Major  S.,  1857,  Md. 
Taylor,  W.  F.,  1884,  Md. 
Tayman,  Thomas  N.,  1838,  Md. 
Teackle,  St.   George  W.,  Jr.,    1870, 

Md. 
Teacle,  John  M.,  1827,  Va. 
Teague,  Rufus  J.,  1890,  N.  C. 
Tearney,  Joseph  F.,  1879,  W.  Va. 
Telfair,  William  G.,  1882,  N.  C. 
Temple,  John  T.,  1824,  Va. 
Temple,  Rufus  H.,  1884,  N.  C. 


Templeman,  James  A.,  1861,  Va. 
Tenney,  John  W.,  1828,  Mass. 
'  Terrel,  Nicholas,  1825,  Va. 
Terrell,  George  F.,  1877,  Ga. 
Thayer,  A.  H.,  1S76,  W.  Va. 
Theobald,  E.  Warfield,  1875,  Md. 
Theobald,  Samuel,  1867,  Md. 
Thistle,  James,  1829,  Md. 
Thomas,  Bruce,  1852,  Md. 
Thomas,  Creed,  1835,  Va. 
Thomas,  C.  Byron,  1869,  Md. 
Thomas,  Daniel  W.,  1849,  ^^• 
Thomas,  Edwin  S.,  1849,  ^^• 
Thomas,  Frederick  S.,  1878,  W.  Va. 
Thomas,  G.  G.,  1871,  N.  C. 
Thomas,  George  S.  C,  1849,  Md. 
Thomas,  Harry  M.,  1S85,  Md. 
Thomas,  Henry  B.,  1888,  Md. 
Thomas,  Ira  H.,  1883,  Va. 
Thomas,  James,  1847,  Md. 
Thomas,  James  C,  1854,  Md. 
Thomas,  James  D.,  1848,  Md. 
Thomas,  James  H.,  1851,  Md. 
Thomas,  John  Hanson,  1836,  Va. 
Thomas,  John  M.,  1826,  Md. 
Thomas,  J.  McGill,  1822,  Md. 
Thomas,  Joseph  F.,  1863,  Md. 
Thomas,  Moses  S.,  1853,  Md. 
Thomas,  Philip  F.,  Jr.,  1856,  Md. 
Thomas,  Richard  H.,  1875,  Md. 
Thomas,  S.  F.,  1867,  Md. 
Thomas,  William  D.,  1887,  Md. 
Thomas,  William  M.,  1852,  Wis. 
Thomas,  William  N.,  1875,  W.  Va. 
Thompson,  Charles  B.,  1829,  Tenn. 
Thompson,  Frank  H.,  1879,  Md. 
Thompson,  James  F.,  1865,  Md. 
Thompson,  John,  1823,  Va. 
Thompson,  John  C,  1855,  Ohio. 
Thompson,  J.  Ford,  1857,  Md. 
Thompson,  Knox,  1868,  Va. 
Thompson,  Pembroke  A.,  1868,  Va. 
Thompson,  Rezin  R.,  1855,  Md. 
Thompson,  Robert  G.,  1830,  Ky. 
Thompson,  Samuel  G.,  1868,  Md. 
Thompson,  Thomas  J.,  1856,  Md. 


CATALOGUE   OF   ALUMNI. 


201 


Thompson,  Wm.  H.,  Jr.,  1854,  Va. 
Thomson,  Charles,  1867,  Md. 
Thomson,  I.  Davis,  1861,  Md. 
Thomson,  M.  Augustus,  1880,  S.  C. 
Thornton,  Henry  F.,  1817,  Va. 
Thornton,  James  B.  C.  P.,  1818,  Va, 
Thornton,  J.  M.,  1882,  Ky. 
Thornton,  O.  A.,  1879,  Md. 
Thornton,  Thomas  A.  H.,  1836,  Va. 
Thornton,  William  G.,  1830,  Va. 
Thruston,  H.  Scott,  1864,  Md. 
Tidings,  Edwin  R.,  1853,  Md. 
Tiffany,  Louis  McL.,  1868,  Md. 
TiLDEN,  J.  B.,  1826,  Va. 
Tilghman,  Charles  H.,  1866,  Md. 
Tilghman,  S.  R.,  1843,  Md. 
Tillett,  T.  T.,  1842,  N.  C. 
Tilman,  Frisby,  1829,  Md. 
Tinges,  A.  S.,  1872,  Md. 
Tingle,  Edwin  McK.,  1853,  Md. 
Titcomb,  Beriah,  1864,  Md. 
Tobey,  Nathan  D.,  1863,  Md. 
Todd,  Benjamin  H.,  1874,  Md. 
Todd,  George  W.,  1847,  Md. 
Todd,  George  W.,  1885,  Md. 
Todd,  Henry  L.,  1851,  Md. 
Tolson,  Alexander,  1836,  Md. 
Tompkins,  John  H.,  1828,  Va. 
Tongue,  Gideon  G.,  1825,  Md. 
Tongue,  H.,  1871,  Md. 
Toombs,  Robert,  1873,  Ga. 
Towles,  LeRoy  C,  1878,  Va. 
Townsend,  Granville  S.,  1819,  Md. 
Townsend,  W.  Guy,  1888,  Md. 
Toy,  Richard,  1827,  Md. 
Trader,  C.  Jules,  1876,  Texas. 
Trader,  Charles  W.,  1878,  Texas. 
Trapnell,  Richard  W.,  1866,  Md. 
Trautman,  C.  Theodore,  1862,  Md. 
Travers,  Frank  R.,  i860,  Md. 
Trenchard,  Curtis  J.,  1850,  Md. 
Trent,  R.  O.,  1872,  Md. 
Triana,  Adolpho  M.,  1886,  Cuba. 
Trimble,  Ridge  J.,  1884,  Md. 
Trippe,  Edward  R.,  1862,  Md. 


Trippe,  Samuel  C,  1875,  ^^' 
Tritman,  John  O.,  1843,  ^^• 
Troupe,  Samuel  C,  1868,  Md. 
Truesdel,  B.  J.,  188 1,  S.  C. 
Truett,  George  W.,  1850,  Pa. 
Truitt,  David  J.  O.,  1857,  Md. 
Truitt,  George  T.,  1869,  Md. 
Truitt,  George  W.,  1875,  ^^* 
Truitt,  George  W.,  1889,  Md. 
Trumbo,  George  H.,  1862,  Md. 
Tuck,  Washington  G.,  1856,  Md. 
Tucker,  John  T.,  1861,  Md.. 
Tull,  Edward  E.,  1887,  Md. 
Tull,  J.  Emory,  1855,  Md. 
'Turnbull,  Duncan,  1826,  Scotland. 
Turnbull,  Theodore,  1881,  Fla. 
Turner,  Edward  P.,  1885,  Va. 
Turner,  J.  G.,  1878,  Md. 
Turner,  James  H.,  1847,  Md. 
Turner,  John,  1834,  Md. 
Turner,  John  H.,  1840,  Md. 
Turner,  L.  Ignatius,  1877,  Md. 
Turner,  Philip  A.,  1850,  Md. 
Turner,  William  B.,  1878,  Md. 
Turner,  W.  D.,  1880,  Va. 
Tussey,  A.  Edgar,  1883,  Pa. 
Tutt,  Robert  M.,  1830,  Va. 
Tutwiler,  H.  A.,  1867,  Ala. 
Twigg,  W.  Franklin,  1883,  Md. 
Tydings,  Oliver,  1877,  Md. 
Tyler,  Grafton,  Jr.,  1833,  Md. 
Tyson,  Alexander,  1834,  Md. 

Uhler,  John  R.,  1861,  Md. 

Ulman,  S.  J.,  1889,  Md. 

Umpierres,  Artemio  A.,  1S76,  Porto 
Rico. 

Underwood,  Edward  F.,  1S87,  Bom- 
bay, E.  I. 

Updike,  C.  F.,  1889,  Va. 

Urie,  William  T.,  1863,  Md. 

Urquhart,  John  E.,  1883,  Md. 

Valiant,  John  A.,  1830,  Md. 
Vallandigham,  Irving  S.,  1862,  Del. 


'Also  Hon.  B.  M.,  1822. 


202 


THE    UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 


Vampill,  Rudolph,  1857,  Poland. 
Van  Bibber,  Claude,  1877,  Md. 
Van  Bibber,  Frederick,  1857,  Va. 
Van  Bibber,  John  P.,  1S71,  Md. 
Van  Bibber,  W.  Chew,  1845,  Md. 
Vance,  Norwood  K.,  18S2,  S.  C. 
Vance,  William  T.,  18S1,  Pa. 
Vandersloot,  Frederick  W.,Jr.,  1S55, 

Pa. 
Vandeventer,  Joseph,  1S69,  Va. 
Van  Dyke,  Robert  H.,  18S4,  Md. 
Van  Lear,  A.  G.  L.,  1867,  Va. 
Van  Marter,  James  G.,  Jr.,  1890,  Italy. 
Vannort,  Ezra  A.,  1862,  Md. 
Van  Wyck,  John  C,  1848,  Md. 
Varden,  Robert  B.,  1SS2,  Md. 
Vaughan,  Henry,  1S55,  Miss. 
Veazey,  Edward,  1822,  Md. 
Veazey,  James  L.,  1836,  Md. 
Veitch,  Eldridge  R.,  Jr.,  1857,  Va. 
Vickers,  Albert,  1866,  Md. 
Vickers,  Robert  E.,  1SS4,  W.  Va. 
Vincent,  William  B.,  1819,  Md. 
Vines,  W.  W.,  1SS9,  N.  C. 
Virdin,  William  W.,  Jr.,  1866,  N.  C. 
Volkmar,  James  M.,  1881,  Oregon, 
Voorhees,  S.  Herbert,  1889,  Md. 
Vowell,  John  D.,  1815,  D.  C. 

Wade,  Robert  M.,  1875,  Ga, 
Wagenhals,  Philip  M.,  1847,  Ohio. 
Wagner,  Clinton,  1859,  Md. 
Wagner,  Harrison,  1S65,  Md. 
Wagner,  John  E.  S.,  1869,  Md. 
Waite,  Hugh  H.',  1823,  Va. 
Wakelee,  E.  Herman,  1884,  N.  Y. 
Wakeman,  Banks,  181 5,  Md. 
Wales,  Philip  S.,  1856,  Md. 
Walker,  Allen,  1SS6,  D.  C. 
Walker,  George,  1888,  S.  C. 
Walker,  H.,  1871,  S.  C. 
Walker,  Hales  E.,  1825,  Md. 
Walker,  Hiram  H.,  i860,  Va. 
Walker,  J.,  1871,  Cal. 
Walker,  J.  B.,  1890,  Ga. 


Walker,  M.  M.,  1S67,  A'a. 
Wallace,  G.  M,  J871,  Va. 
Wallace,  Hamilton,  1S27,  Pa. 
Wallace,  J.  Veazey,  1853,  Md. 
W^allace,  James  W.,  1853,  Pa. 
Waller,  R.  Edward,  1S66,  Md. 
Waller,  William  J.,  1823,  Va. 
Waller,  W.  J.  C,  1870,  Va. 
Wallis,  Hugh  Francis,  1883,  Va, 
Walls,  Hansford  L.,  188 1,  W.  Va, 
Walraven,  Wilbur  L.,  1S90,  W.  Va. 
Walshe,  Despard  M.,  1864,  Ireland. 
Walter,'Charles,  1853,  Md. 
Walter,  Charles  V.,  1836,  Md. 
Walter,  Littleton  T.,  1S84,  Va. 
Walton,  H.  Rowland,  1850,  Md. 
Walton,  John,  1822,  Miss, 
Wampler,  Gustavus  E.,  1833,  Md. 
Waples,  Joseph  B.,  1868,  Del. 
Ward,  H.  Clay,  1867,  Md. 

Ward,  James  R.,  1828,  Md. 

Ward,  Napoleon  B.,  1847,  Md. 
1  Ward,  Oscar  V.,  1847,  Ky. 

Ward,  Thomas  J.,  1877,  Md. 

Ward,  Warren  W.,  1847.  X.  C. 

Ward,  William  H.,  iSSi,  N.  C. 

Warder,    Abraham     S.,    Jr.,      1S85, 
W.  Va. 

Warder,  John  J.,  1S79,  V»'.  Va. 

Ware,  H.  F.,  1871,  Md. 

Ware,  N.  Anderson,  186S,  Va. 

Wareham,  Edward  A.,  18S3,  Md. 

Warfield,  C,  1867,  Md. 

Warfield,  Evan  W.,  1845,  Md. 

Warfield,  George  W.,  1825,  Md. 

Warfield,  James  H.  H.,  1863,  Md, 

Warfield,  Jesse  L.,  1823,  Md. 

Warfield,  Mactier,  1884,  Md. 

Warfield,  Ridgely  B.,  18S4,  Md. 

Waring,  Epaphroditus  L.,  1S17,  Va. 

Waring,  John  L..  1868,  Md. 

Waring,  William  W.,  1869,  Md. 

Warner,  Augustus  L.,  1829,  Md. 

Warner,  A.  R.,  1885,  Md. 

Warner,  F.  A.,  1873,  Md. 


lAlso  B.  M. 


CATALOGUE    OF   ALUMNI. 


203 


Warren,  Dawson,  1827,  Va. 
Warren,  Edward  P.,  1868,  Pa. 
Warren,  James  M.,  1881,  Va. 
Warren,  Lee  W.,  1890,  Md. 
Warren,  Lucius  A.,  1868,  Pa. 
Waters,  Arnold  E.,  1830,  Md. 
Waters,  Cyrus,  1836,  Md. 
Waters,  C.  H.,  187 1,  Md. 
Waters,  Edmund  G.,  1853,  Md. 
Waters,  Franklin,  1826,  Md. 
Waters,  Franklin,  Jr.,  1S69,  Md. 
Waters,  Henry,  1837,  Md. 
Waters,  Horace  W.,  1817,  Md. 
Waters,  James  K.,  1859,  Md. 
Waters,  John,  1819,  Tenn. 
Waters,  Somerset  R.,  1858,  Md. 
Waters,  Stephen  J.,  1827,  Md. 
Waters,  Washington,  1826,  Md. 
Waters,  William,  1824,  Md. 
Waters,  William  E.,  1836,  Md. 
Watkins,  Benjamin,  1827,  Md. 
Watkins,  William  C,  1868,  Md. 
Watkins,  William  W.,  1835,  Md. 
Watkins,  William  W.,  18S3,  S.  C. 
Watson,  A.  G.,  1872,  Va. 
Watson,  James,  1826,  Va. 
Watson,  J.  A.,  1872,  S.  C. 
Watson,  William  L.,  1834,  Pa. 
Watters,  James,  1833,  Md. 
Watts,  Arthur  G.,  1880,  Md. 
Watts,  Henry  R.,  1864,  Md. 
Watts,  James,  1863,  Md. 
Watts,  John  S.,  1853,  Pa. 
Waugh,  James  B.,  1835,  N.  Y. 
Waugh,  John  W.,  1S4S,  Md. 
Way,  Walter  S.,  1822,  Md. 
Wayland,  Melville  C,  18S3,  Va. 
Weagly,  W.  C,  1881,  Md. 
Weaver,  Jacob  J.,  Jr.,  1870,  Md. 
Weaver,  John  F.  B.,  1864,  Md. 
Webb,  C.  C,  1881,  Tenn. 
Webb,  Samuel,  1826,  Md. 
Webb,  William  K.,  1S75,  Md. 
Weber,  Howard  R.,  18S6,  Md. 
Webster,  George  W.,  1849,  ^Id. 
Webster,  Henry  W.,  1S22,  Md. 


Webster,  Henry  W.,  Jr.,  1850,  Md. 
Webster,  H.  W.,  1889,  Md. 
Webster,  John  Lee,  1833,  Md. 
Webster,  Richard  H.,  1847,  Md. 
Webster,  William,  1828,  Md. 
Wederstrandt,  John  C.  P.,  1835,  La. 
Weedon,  John  H.  W.  G.,  1864,  Md. 
Weems,  George  W.,  1854,  Md. 
Weems,  Henry  Y.,  1858,  Md. 
Weems,  John  N.,  1816,  Md. 
Weems,  Julius  B.,  1864,  Md. 
Weems,  Lock  L.,  1827,  Md. 
Weems,  Nathaniel  C.,  1828,  Md. 
Weems,  Stephen  H.,  1833,  Md. 
Wegge,  William  F.,  1886,  Wis. 
Weigel,  Louis  A.,  1875,  N.  Y. 
Weightman,  Richard,  1S17,  D.  C. 
Weirick,  Samuel  T.,  1S65,  Ohio. 
Weis,  Ezra,  1851,  Md. 
Weisel,  Daniel,  1S61,  Md. 
Welch,  Albert  G.,  1834,  Md. 
Welch,  Louis  B.,  1879,  Pa. 
Welfley,  Richard  H.,  1882,  Md. 
Wellford,  Beverly  R.,  1816,  Va. 
Welling,  William  W.,  1859,  Md. 
Wells,  Benjamin  F.,  1S59,  Md. 
Wells,  Charles  A.,  1S62,  Md. 
Wells,  Edward  D.,  1S67,  Md. 
Wells,  John  B.,  1823,  Md. 
Wells,  R.  C,  1867,  Md. 
Wells,  Thomas  W.,  1833,  Md. 
Welsh,  Carlos  D.,  1876,  Mexico.    ' 
Welsh,  Emmet  A.,  1S87,  Ohio. 
Welsh,  Robert  S.,  1848,  Md. 
Welsh,  Roberto  A.,  1S81,  Mexico. 
Welty,  Frank  H.,  186S,  Md. 
Wenner,  John  J.,  1867,  Va. 
Wentz,  George,  1859,  Md. 
West,  Frank,  1879,  ^Id. 
West,  George  Henry,  1889,  Del. 
West,  George  W.,  1825,  Md. 
West,  Levin,  1S86,  Md. 
Westmoreland,  Wm.  G.,  1855,  Ala. 
Weston,  Richard  E.,  1S40,  N.  C. 
Wetherall,  George  H.,  1S26,  Md. 
Wethered,  John  D.,  1S26,  Md. 


204 


THE   UNIVERSITY    OF   MARYLAND. 


Wharton,  John  O.,  1828,  Tenn. 
Wheeden,  Thomas  J.,  1859,  Md. 
Wheeler,  William  B.,  1S62,  Md. 
Wheeler,  William  C,  18S8,  Md. 
Whitaker,  Henry  H.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Whitaker,  L.  T.,  1882,  N,  C. 
White,  Alphonso  A.,  1853,  Md. 
White,  Alward,  1867,  Md. 
White,  Alward  M.,  1829,  Md. 
White,  Arthur,  1854,  Md. 
White,  Caleb  B.,  1865,  Md. 
White,  Frederick  F.,  1822,  Md. 
White,  Gabriel  P.,  1849,  ^^-  C. 
White,  George  I.,  1890,  N.  C. 
White,  James  M.,  1879,  D.  C. 
White,  John  K.,  18S4,  Va. 
White,  John  Randolph,  1847,  Md. 
White,  Joseph  A.,  1869,  Md. 
White,  N.  Smith,  1867,  Md. 
White,  Russell  Austin,  1S89,  Ky. 
White,  Silas  C.,  1854,  Va. 
White,  Stephen  B.,  1823,  Mass. 
White,  Walter  W.,  1870,  Md. 
White,  William,  1849,  Md. 
White,  William,  1851,  Md. 
White,  W.  Garner,  1883,  S.  C. 
White,  William  H.,  1887,  Md. 
Whiteford,  Alfred  H.,  1857,  Eng. 
Whiteford,  H.  Clay,  1868,  Md. 
Whiteford,  William  D.,  1829,  Md. 
Whitehead,  Edwin,  1823,  Va. 
Whitehead,  William  H.,  1870,  N.  C. 
Whitehill,  Maximus,  1876,  Md. 
Whitehurst,  Mason  J.,  1875,  Fla. 
Whiteside,  B.  Frank,  1877,  X.  C. 
Whiteside,  J.  Calloway,  1877,  N.  C. 
Whitfield,  William  C,  1884,  Va. 
Whiting,  Guy  F.,  1878,  Va. 
Whitley,  V.  A.,  1884,  N.  C. 
Whitly,  Daniel  P.,  1889,  ^'-  C. 
Whitmore,  W.  P.,  1880,  Va. 
Whitridge,  William,  1862,  Md. 
Whittaker,  Josias  D.,  1824,  Md. 
Whittingham,  Edward  T.,  1852,  Md. 
Wickes,  Joseph  A.,  1848,  Md. 
Wickham,  Walter  M.,  1826,  Va. 


Wicks,  Edmund  G.,  1S88,  Md. 
Wiegand,  William  E.,  1876,  Md. 
Wiendahl,  Jacob  H.,  1854,  La. 
Wiener,  George  W.,  1874,  Md. 
Wigman,  Herman,  1845,  Md. 
Wiley,  Robert  S.,  1875,  Tenn. 
Wiley,  W.  W.,  187 1,  Md. 
Wilkins,  G.  Lawson,  1870,  Md. 
Wilkins,  John,  1851,  Md. 
Wilkins,  Joseph,  1847,  Md. 
Wilkinson,  Elias  M.,  1888,  Va. 
Wilkinson,  J.  Marion,  1S74,  Md. 
Willard,  James,  1843,  ^^<^ 
Willetts,  J.  E.,  1881,  Pa. 
Williams,  A.  J.,  1886,  Md. 
Williams,  Bayton  B.,  1883,  N.  C. 
Williams,  Denard  S.,  1865,  Md. 
Williams,  Elijah,  1869,  Md. 
Williams,  George  W.,  1834,  Ky. 
Williams,  J.  Buxton,  Jr.,  186S,  N.  C. 
Williams,  James  J.,  1824,  Va. 
Williams,  James  T.,  1858,  Md. 
Williams,  J.  V.,  1889,  N.  C. 
Williams,  J.  Whitridge,  1888,  Md. 
Williams,  Philip  M.,  1856,  Va. 
Williams,  T.  B.,  1877,  N.  C. 
Williams,  T.  Clayton,  1S68,  Va. 
Williams,  Thomas  H.,  1848,  Md. 
Williams,  Thomas  H.  B.,  1856,  Miss. 
Williams,  Walter  B.,  1833,  Md. 
Williams,  William,  1823,  Md. 
Williams,  William  P.,  1841,  Md. 
Williams,  William  T.,  1830,  Md. 
Williamson,  James  C,  1890,  N.  C. 
Williamson,  William  L.,  1S69,  Miss. 
Williard,  Abraham  P.,  1850,  Md. 
Williard,  John  T.,  1858,  Md. 
Willing,  James  A.  J.,  1857,  Md. 
Willing,  J.  Elerick,  1890,  Md. 
Willis,  Edward  W.,  1889,  Md. 
Willis,  H.  N.,  1888,  Md. 
Willis,  William,'  1818,  Md. 
Willis,  William  L.,  1852,  Md. 
Willis,  W.  T.,  18S9,  S.  C. 
Willoughby,  Joseph  D.,  1847,  ^Id. 
Wills,  Francis  R.,  1828,  Md. 


CATALOGUE    OF   ALUMNI. 


205 


Willson,  James  H.,  1846,  Md. 
WiLLSON,  Otho,  1834,  Md. 
Willson,  Thomas  Smythe,  1830,  Md. 
Willson,  W.  G.  G.,  Jr.,  1876,  Md. 
Wilmer,  W.  R.,  1851,  :Md. 
Wilmoth,  E.  B.,  1888,  W.  Va. 
Wilson,  Charles  J.,  1859,  D.  C. 
Wilson,  George  W.,  1835,  ^Id. 
Wilson,  Harry  M.,  18S9,  Pa. 
Wilson,  Henry  B.,  1S89,  Md. 
Wilson,  Henry  M.,  1850,  Md. 
Wilson,  Henry  M.,  Jr.,  1882,  Md. 
Wilson,  Henry  P.  C,  1851,  Va. 
Wilson,  J.  B.  B.,  1867,  Md. 
Wilson,  J.  C,  1884,  Pa. 
Wilson,  James  H.,  186S,  Md. 
Wilson,  Joshua,  1818,  Md. 
Wilson,  Josiah  N.,  1834,  Miss. 
Wilson,  Luther  B.,  1S77,  Md. 
Wilson,  L.  Ridgely,  1880,  Md. 
Wilson,  Pacha,  1828,  Ala. 
Wilson,  Rezin  B.,  1884,  W.  Va. 
Wilson,  Robert  T.,  1856,  Md. 
Wilson,  Robert  T.,  1881,  Md. 
Wilson,  S.  Kennedy,  1879,  Md. 
Wilson,  Thomas  B.,  1S66,  Md. 
Wilson,  Thomas  K.,  1S27,  S.  C. 
Wilson,  Willard  H.,  1S74,  Md, 
Wilson,  William  G.,  1852,  Md. 
Wilson,  William  M.  B.,  182 1,  Md. 
Wilson,  William  T.,  1842,  Md. 
Wilson,  William  W.,  1866,  Md. 
Wiltshire,  James  G.,  1869,  Va. 
Wimberley,  George  L.,  18S3,  N.  C. 
Wimer,  T.  H.,  1883,  Iowa. 
Winborne,  Robert  W.,  1887,  N.  C. 
Winchester,  A.  S.,  1873,  Md. 
Winchester,  Benjamin  T.,  1875,  Md. 
Winchester,  H*orace  R.,  1889,  Md. 
Winchester,  Weems  R.,  1874,  Md. 
Winders,  John  K.,  1875,  ^^• 
Windsor,  W.  S.,  1S90,  N.  C. 
Wingate,  William  L.,  1S45,  Md. 
Winslow,  John  R.,  1S88,  Md. 
Winslow,  Randolph,  1S73,  ^^'^• 
Winston,  John  T.,  1878,  N.  C. 


Winterson,  C.  R.,  1871,  Md. 
Winthrop,  Henry,  1825,  S.  C. 
Winwood,  Benjamin,  1820,  Md. 
Wirt,  Henry  G.,  1841,  Fla. 
Wirt,  William  C,  1843,  Fla. 
Wise,  E.  Martin,  1877,  Md. 
Wise,  John  J.  H.,  1854,  Va. 
Wisherd,  Elmer  J.,  1886,  Md. 
Withers,  H.  D.,  1883,  Md. 
Withers,  William  B.,  1875,  N.  C. 
WiTMAN,  John  O.,  1843,  Pa. 
Wolfe,  John  H.  R.,  1861,  Md. 
Wolfe,  Wickham  W.,  1824,  Del. 
Wolfe,  William  H.,  1886,  W.  Va. 
Womble,  John  G.,  187 1,  Md. 
Wood,  Edgar  \V.,  1850,  Md. 
Wood,  Isaac  N.,  1854,  Md. 
Wood,  John,  1844,  Ind. 
Wood,  R.  v.,  1867,  Md. 
Wood,  Thomas  F.,  1S68,  N.  C. 
Wood,  William,  Jr.,  18 19,  Ohio. 
Wood,  William  M.,  1829,  Md. 
Woodley,  Andrew  B.,  1824,  Va. 
Woods,  Benjamin  W.,  1836,  Md. 
Woods,  Hiram.  Jr.,  1882,  Md. 
Woods,  Wesley,  1824,  Md. 
Woodson,  Lewis  G.,  1887,  Va. 
Woodville,  Harry,  1866,  Md. 
Woodward,  Peter,  1823,  Va. 
Woodward,  William,  1861,  Md. 
Woolford,  Thomas,  1816,  Md. 
Wooten,  Edward,  1S61,  Md. 
Wooten,  Turnor,  1S19,  Md. 
Worrell,  Edward  M.,  1815,  Md. 
Worrell,  Frederick,  1854,  Md. 
Worthington,  George  €.,  1S66,  Md., 
Worthington,    Hattersley   P.,    1841, 

Md. 
Worthington,  J.  C,  1873,  ^^^d. 
Worthington,  James  C.,  184S,  Md. 
Worthington,  J.  M.,  1872,  Md, 
Worthington,  Rezin  H.,  1843,  Md, 
Worthington,  Thomas  C.,  1840,  Md, 
Worthington,  Thomas  C.,  1842,  Md, 
Worthington,  Thomas  C,  1876,  Md. 
Worthington,  William  H.,  1833,  Md. 


2o6 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Wright,  Charles  A.,  1870,  Md. 
Wright,  Jefferson  D.,  1882,  Ga. 
Wright,  Josephus  A.,  1881,  Md. 
Wright,  M.  Frank,  1890,  W.  Va. 
Wright,  Thomas  H.,  1819,  Md. 
Wright,  William  E.,  1888,  Va. 
Wrightson,  James  T.,  1878,  Md. 
Wroth,  Peregrine,  1841,  Md. 
Wroth,  Thomas  G.,  1837,  Md. 
Wroth,  William  J.,  1852,  Md. 
Wunder,  Joseph  C.  X.,  1889,  Md. 
Wyatt,  Richard  O.,  1861,  Va. 
Wyche,  C.  D.,  1888,  N.  C. 
Wynn,  Andrew  L.,  1889,  N.  C. 
Wynn,  Thomas  P.,  1886,  N.  C. 
Wyse,  W.  P.  E.,  1886,  Md. 
Wysham,  William  E.,  1849,  Md. 

Yandell,  Lunsford  P.,  1825,  Tenn. 
Yandell,  Wilson,  1823,  Tenn. 
Yates,  Charles  M.,  1825,  Md. 
Yates,  T.  B.,  1878,  W.  Va. 
Yeargain,  John  T.  P.,  1820,  S.  C. 
Yearly,  George  A.,  1835,  Md. 


Yeates,  Henry  P.  P.,  1845,  Md. 
Yeates,  John  L.,  1822,  Md. 
Yingling,  George  S.,  1862,  Md. 
Yingling,  J.,  1878,  Ind. 
Yoe,  Robert  E.,  1875,  Md. 
Yost,  Peter  K.,  1868,  Pa. 
Young,  George  B.,  1887,  Va. 
Young,  Robert  W.,  1825,  Va. 
Young,  W.  J.,  1872,  S.  C. 
Yount,  J.  H.,  1876,  N.  C. 
Yourtee,  J.  Tilghman,  1865,  Md. 

Zeigler,  Asa  H.,  1862,  Md. 
Zeigler,  Henry  A.,  1870,  Pa. 
Zepp,  James  A.,  1887,  Md. 
Zepp,  Leonard,  1868,  Md. 
Ziegler,  J.  S.,  1878,  Pa. 
Zimmerman,  Charles  O.,  1882,  N.  Y. 
Zimmerman,  Edwin,  1879,  Md. 
Zimmerman,  George  M.,  1857,  Md. 
Zimmerman,  Luther  M.,  1864,  Md. 
Zion,  Elkanah,  1888,  Tenn. 
Zollickoffer,  William,  1818,  Md. 
Zollicoffer,  William  H.,  1857,  Md. 


ADDENDA 


The  following  names  are  also  contained  in  the  general  Alumni  Catalogue 
of  1877,  but  as  they  have  not  been  verified  by  the  author,  they  are  placed  in 
a  separate  list.  There  are  no  means  of  verifying  those  of  1831  and  1832 
as  no  lists  of  graduates  of  those  years  are  accessible.  Those  given  for 
1838  and  1839  may  be  names  of  graduates  in  the  Trustees'  School,  the  MS. 
records  of  whose  classes  are  not  to  be  found.  Those  for  other  years  are 
probably  incorrect,  but  I  have  hesitated  to  drop  them.  There  were  no 
circulars  or  catalogues  until  after  1839. 


Altvater,  Garret,  1832,  Md. 

Beadles,  William,  1832,  Md. 
Birckhead,  L.  H.,  1832,  Md. 
Blakey,  R.  Otway,  1832,  Va. 
Bodman,  Phil.,  1831,  Germany. 
Bowman,  H.  E.,  1839,  ^^• 
Brehon,  James  G.,  1832,  N.  C. 
Brent,  William  T.,  1832,  Md. 
Brown,  George  M.,  1831,  Va. 
Butler,  John  W.,  1832,  La. 

Chandler,  J.  F.,  1839,  ^a. 
Cochrane,  Hiram  W.,  1831,  Md. 
Cross,  G.  W.,  1839,  Md. 
Crura,  G.  W.,  1832,  Md. 
Culbreth,  Richard  S.,  1838,  D.  C. 
Gumming,  R.  H.,  1831,  Va. 

Davis,  Daniel,  1831,  Md. 
Davis,  Thomas  A.,  1832,  Md. 
Day,  Everett  H.,  1838,  Md. 
Dent,  Stouten  W.,  1831,  Md. 
Dorsey,  John,  1820,  Md. 
Dowell,  John  M.,  1827,  Va. 
Dunbibin,  Junius  C,  1832,  N.  C. 
Dunlop,  John,  1823,  Md. 
Dwyer,  Thomas  O.,  1831,  Ireland. 

Edwards,  Thomas  O.,  1831,  Va. 
Evans,  John,  1832,  Md. 


Fauss,  George  L.,  1821,  Pa. 
Fergusson,  John  R.,  1831,  Md. 
Fisher,  Ed.  C,  1831,  Va. 
Flint,  W.  F.,  1832,  Md. 
Franklin,  R.,  1831,  Md. 

Gale,  Robert,  1832, . 


Gazzam,  Edward  H.,  1832,  Pa. 
Gibson,  John,  1831,  Md. 

Gillespie,  W.  A.,  1831, . 

Grahame,  William,  1831,  Md. 
Gray,  Reuben  T.,  1832,  S.  C. 
Greetham,  Miles  L.,  1831,  Md. 
Grover,  J.  S.,  1831,  Md. 

Hall,  R.  C,  1832,  Md. 
Hargrove,  James  T.,  1832,  Md. 
Harrison,  John  Hoffman,  1S31,  Md. 
Heartle,  Oreas,  1831,  Md. 

Hoffman,  George, , . 

Horsay,  J.  A.  E.,  1831,  Va. 
Houston,  Henry  W.,  1832,  Del. 
Howard,  James,  1832,  Md. 
Howard,  M.  P.,  1839,  Md. 
Hunt,  Henry  S.,  1831,  Md. 
Hussey,  Nathan,  1832,  Md. 

Jacob,  Edward,  1839,  Md. 
Jenkins,  Theodore,  1832,  Md. 
Jones,  Walker,  1832,  Va. 

Kephart,  Philip,  1832,  Md. 


2o8 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Laurason,  Samuel  C,  1831,  Md. 
Lawrence,  James  H.,  1832,  Md. 
Layton,  Garret  S.,  1831,  Del. 
Lewis,  John  S.,  1831,  Va. 

Martin,  H.  H.,  1832,  Md. 
Mason,  Alexander  H.,  1831,  Va. 
McKee,  James  B.,  1832,  Md. 
McPhail,  Leonard  C,  1832,  Md, 
McPherson,  Samuel,  1832,  Md. 
Miller,  Barnard  J.,  1832,  D.  C. 
Morrison,  Maurice,  1831,  Md. 
Mott,  Richard,  1831,  Md, 
Mudd,  Hilary,  1832,  Md. 
Munroe,  Thomas,  1831,  Fla. 

Naudain,  James  S.,  1832,  Del. 
Nelms,  Presley,  1832,  Va. 
Nelson,  George,  1837,  Md. 
Nelson,  Robert  A.,  1832,  Va. 
Newcomb,  George,  1831,  Md. 
Norris,  George  Dashiels,  1831,  Md. 

Orrick,  J.  C.,  1831,  Md. 
Owens,  Thomas,  1831,  Md. 

Perrie,  Richard  B.,  1856,  Md. 
Petherbridge,  John  F.,  1832,  Md. 


Piper,  John  R.,  1839,  M^^- 
Polk,  J.  C,  1832,  Md. 
Powell,  G.  W,  J.,  1831,  Md. 

Reynolds,  John  €.,  1831,  Md. 
Robinson,  Alexander  C,  1832,  Md. 
Robinson,  Lake,  1832,  Md, 

Scott,  Walter,  1856,  Md, 
Selby,  William  H.,  1831,  Md. 
Sewell,  Jacob  K.,  1836,  Md. 
Skinner,  Henry,  1832,  Md. 
Skinner,  John  H.,  1832,  Md. 
Snowden,  Charles  F.,  1831,  Md. 
Snyder,  Benjamin  C,  1832,  Md. 
Snyder,  James  M.,  1839,  ^^'^• 
Spalding,  J.  F.,  1831,  Md. 
Stephen,  James  B.,  1831,  Md. 

Thomas,  Francis  W.  G.,  1832,  Va. 
Thompson,  Richard  H,,  1839,  Md. 
Turpin,  Walter  B.,  1831,  Md. 

Wersel,  Samuel,  , . 

Williams,  Presley  N.,  1832,  D.  C, 
Wrenn,  Albert  E.,  1831,  Va, 
Wright,  John  C.,  1831,  Va. 


LIBRARY 

kmy  of  ^^ 


APPENDIX. 


Provosts. 


Hon.  Robert  Smith,  1813-15. 

Rot.  Rev.  James  Kemp,  D.  D.,  1815-26. 

Hon.  Roger  B.  Taney,  1826-39. 

Dr.  Ashton  Alexander,  1837-50. 

Hon.  John  P.  Kennedy,  1850-70. 

Hon.  S.  Teackle  Wallis,  1870-90. 

Deans. 

John  B.  Davidge,  1807-11,  1813,  1814,  1821. 

Nathaniel  Potter,  1812,  1814. 

Elisha  DeButts,  1816,  1822-24. 

William  Gibson,  1818. 

Richard  Wilmot  Hall,  1819,  1837-38. 

Maxwell  McDowell,  1820,  1825-27. 

Granville  Sharp  Pattison,  1821-22. 

N.  R.  Smith,  1828-29,  1841. 

Samuel  Baker,  1829-30. 

Eli  Geddings.  1832-34,  1836-37. 

Robley  Dunglison,  1834-35. 

Samuel  George  Baker,  1839. 

Wm.  E,  A.  Aikin,  1840-41,  1844-55. 

Samuel  Chew,  1842-44. 

George  W.  Miltenberger,  1855-69. 

Julian  J.  Chisolm,  1S69-74. 

Samuel  C.  Chew,  1874-79. 

L.  McLane  Tiffany,  1879-86. 

J.  Edwin  Michael,  1886-90. 

I.  Edmondson  Atkinson,  1890. 

List  of  Professors. 

George  Brown,  1807-07. 
William  Donaldson,  1S07-08. 


2 TO  THE    UNIVERSITY   OF    MARYLAND. 

Thomas  Emerson  Bond,  1807-08. 
John  Shaw,  1807-09. 
James  Cocke,  1807-13. 
John  Beale  Davidge,  1807-29. 
Nathaniel  Potter,  1807-43. 
Elisha  DeButts,  1809-31. 
Samuel  Baker,  1809-33. 
William  Gibson,  1812-19. 
Richard  Wilmot  Hall,  1812-47. 
'John  Owen,  1814-14. 
Maxwell  McDowell,  1814-33. 
Granville  Sharp  Pattison,  1820-27. 
'  Nathan  Ryno  Smith,  1827-38,  1840-70,  1873-77. 
'John  Doane  Wells,  1829-30. 
'  Benjamin  Lincoln,  1830-31. 
'Thomas  H.Wright,  1831-31. 
Julius  Timoleon  Ducatel,  1831-37. 
Eli  Geddings,  1831-37. 
Robley  Dunglison,  1833-36. 
Robert  Eglesfield  Griffith,  1S36-37. 
Samuel  G.  Baker,  1837-41. 
William  E.  A.  Aikin,  1837-83. 
William  N.  Baker,  1838-41, 
*  Alexander  C.  Robinson,  1841-42. 
Samuel  Chew,  1841-63. 
Joseph  Roby,  1842-60. 
'Richard  Sprigg  Steuart,  1843-43. 
'  Wm.  H.  Stokes,  1843-44. 
Elisha  Bartlett,  1844-46. 
"William  Power,  1845-52. 
Richard  Henry  Thomas,  1847-58. 
^  *  George  Warner  Miltenberger,  1847-90. 
Charles  Prick,  1858-60. 
William  A.  Hammond,  1860-61. 
Edward  Warren,  1860-61. 
'Richard  McSherry,  1862-85. 

'  Declined.  ^  Lecturer,  1840-41.  "  Lecturer,  1829-30,  full  professor,  1830. 
♦Lecturer,  s  Resigned  before  Lectures.  « Lecturer,  1845-46.  '  Lecturer,  1847- 
52.     « Member  of  present  Faculty,  1890.     'Lecturer,  1862-63. 


APPENDIX.  211 

'  Christopher  Johnston,  1864-90. 
'  Samuel  Clagett  Chew,  1864-90. 
'  Frank  Donaldson,  1866-90. 
'  Wilham  T,  Howard,  1867-90. 
'Julian  J.  Chisolm,  1869-90. 
'  Francis  T.  Miles,  1869-90. 
Alan  P.  Smith,  1869-69,  1873-74. 
'  Louis  McLane  Tiffany,  1874-90. 
'  I.  Edmondson  Atkinson,  1879-90. 
'J.  Edwin  Michael,  1880-90. 
'  "  R.  Dorsey  Coale,  1883-90. 
'John  Noland  Mackenzie,  1888-90. 


Demonstrators  of  Anatomy. 

James  Bain  (Prosector?),  1814-16. 
John  D.  Godman,  1816-1S. 
William  Howard,  1820. 
Duncan  Turnbull,  1821-26. 
John  Buckler,  1826-27. 
Samuel  Lyon,  1828-34. 
Henry  W.  Baxley,  1834-37. 
Ellis  Hughes,  1837  (Trustees). 
John  Byrne,  1837-38  (Regents). 
E.J.  Chaisty,  1837-39  (Trustees). 
A.  G.  Welch,  1838-39  (Regents?). 
George  W.  Miltenberger,  1840-52. 
Berwick  B.  Smith,  1852-60. 
George  G.  Farnandis,  1860-60. 
James  H.  Butler,  1860-69. 
L.  McLane  Tiffany,  1869-74. 
J.  Edwin  Michael,  1874-80. 
Randolph  Winslow,  1880-86. 
Herbert  Harlan,  1886-90. 
J.  Holmes  Smith,  1890. 

'  Members  of  present  Faculty,  1890.         *  Lecturer,  1883-84. 


212  the  university  of  maryland. 

Resident  Physicians  of  the  Infirmary. 

James  Morison,  1846-50. 
Felix  Jenkins,  185O-54. 
Joseph  J.  O'Donnell,  1854-54. 
John  A.  Doyle,  1854-57. 
Wm.  C.  Nichols,  1857-57. 
James  H.  Butler,  1857-60. 
Edward  F.  Milholland,  1860-65. 
Nathl.  G.  Keirle,  1865-65. 
J.  J.  Beckenbaugh,  1865-66. 
Thos.  S.  Latimer,  1866-68. 
John  S.  Conrad,  1868-72. 
Richard  H.  Lewis,  1872-73. 
George  E.  H.  Harmon,  1873-74. 
J.  C.  Worthington,  1874-75. 
Thomas  A.  Ashby,  1875-79. 
T.  Barton  Brune,  1879-80. 
Frank  West,  1880-85. 
C.  W.  Mitchell,  1885-87. 
Frank  Martin,  1887-90. 

List  of  Gold  Medalists. 
I.  Latin  Medalists. 
John  D.  Sinnott,  1813. 

F.J.  Didier,  1816. 
Richard  Nun  Allen,  1817. 
John  D.  Godman,  1818. 
Charles  A.  Harrow,  1819. 
Matthew  J.  Allen,  1820. 
E.  C.  Alexander,  1821. 
John  B.  Laborde,  1822. 
Isaac  Hulse,  1823. 
Edward  Sparks,  1824. 
Thomas  J.  Gassoway,  1825. 
W.  T.  Stephens,  1826. 
Rush  Jameson,  1827. 
B.  M.  Byrne,  1828. 
Felix  D.  McMeal,  1829. 


APPENDIX.  213 

Richard  Shea,  1830. 

Benj.  F.  Houston,  1833. 
Elhs  Hu<ihes,  1834. 
John  C.  Nairn,  1835. 

E.  J.  Chaisty,  1837. 

2.  Examination  Medalists. 

Robert  Bond,  1880. 

L.  Ernest  Neale,  Charles  W.  Mitchell,  1881. 

J.  Mason  Hundley,  1882. 

Henry  Rolando,  1883. 

Charles  P.  Noble,  1884. 

Samuel  Schwalbe,  1885.  , 

J.  Ridley  Nott,  t886. 

Ebenezer  W.  Pressly,  1887. 

J.  Whitridge  Williams,  1888. 

Kemp  Battle  Batchelor,  1889. 

J.  Frank  Crouch,  A.  D.  McConachie,  iSgo.    . 


Note: — The  comments  (p.  127)  regarding  the  absence  of  legis- 
lation authorizing  and  making  provision  for  the  practice  of  dissection 
in  Maryland,  demand  revision,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  since  they 
were  written  a  law  has  been  passed  by  the  Legislature  requiring 
public  officers  of  Baltimore  City  and  County,  under  heavy  penalty, 
to  turn  over  any  unclaimed  bodies  under  their  charge  to  the  Medical 
Colleges  of  the  State  "  for  the  advancement  of  medical  science." 
The  law  is  said  to  be  working  satisfactorily  to  those  concerned. 


Erratum.     The  name  of  Professor  Alan  P.  Smith  (p.  136)  should  be  Alan 
Penniman  Smith. 


INDEX 


Academic  Department,  30,  61,   102, 

142. 
Act  founding  Medical  College,  6. 

"  "  University,  24. 

'*    of  Restitution,  96. 

"     "  1825,  57. 
Acts  of  1807  and  1812,  Relations  of, 

28. 
Addenda,  207. 
Adjuncts,  133. 
Aikin,  Wm.  E.  A.,  89,  144. 
Alexander,  Ashton,  115. 
Allen,  John,  31. 
Almshouse,  45. 
Alumni  Association,  140. 
Amounts  due  Professors,  84. 
Anatomy  Law,  213. 
Annuity,  McDowell,  75,  104,  no. 
Appendix,  209. 
Appropriations  of  Legislature,  135, 

136. 
Archer,  John,  13. 
Association    of    Medical    Colleges, 

158. 
Atkinson,  I.  Edmondson,  140. 
Auscultation    and    Percussion,    ii6, 
125,  128. 

Baker,  Samuel,  18,  75. 

"       Samuel  G.,89,  91,  106. 
•      "      William  N.,  86,  106, 
Baltimore  in  1807,  12. 

"  College,  13,  16,  96,  102. 

'•  College    of    Dental    Sur- 

gery, 123. 
Baltimore,  Early  Period  of,  i. 

"  General  Dispensary,  68. 

"  Infirmary,  44,  45,  46,  83, 

84,  96,  104,  130,  136,  140,  152,  154. 


Baltimore  Library,  13,  16. 

"  Medical  Institute,  126. 

Bartlett,  Elisha,  113,  114. 
Baxley,  Henry  W.,  86,  88,  92. 
Bay  View  Hospital,  152. 
Beneficiary  Students,  135,  136,  137. 
Bequest,  96,  loi,  130,  154. 
Bond,  Thos.  E.,  16,  18. 
Brown,  George,  15. 
Buchanan,  George,  2,  3. 
Buckler,  John,  35,  61. 
Building,  College,  17,  21. 
Burking,  Case  of,  127. 

Cadwalader,  John,  23. 
Cadwaladers,  52. 
Carroll,  John,  31. 
Catalogue  of  Alumni,  167. 
Certificate  of  Regents,  96. 
Chairs,  Patent  Folding-back,  146. 
Chapman,  Nathaniel,  50. 
Chew,  Samuel,  131. 

"      Samuel  C,  147. 
Children,  Diseases  of,  125,  133,  137. 
Chisolm,  J.  J.,  147. 
Circular  of  Faculty,  104. 
Class  of  1825,  47. 
Classes,  47,  131,  137,  154. 
Clinical  Instruction  Compulsory,  128. 

"        Reporter,  130. 
Clinics,  133,  134,  137,  151,  152,  157. 
Coale,  R.  Dorsey,  149. 
Cocke,  James,  5,  15,  17,  32. 
College  of   Medicine,  First  Course 

in,  16. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 

Baltimore,  137, 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 

New  York,  13. 


INDEX. 


215 


Commencement,  First,  19. 
Commencements,  19,  48,  93,  97. 
Corner-stone  Laid,  22. 
Counsel  of  Regents,  58,  59. 
Course  Lengthened,  123. 
Crawford,  John,  35. 

Dalrymple,  E.  A.,  142. 
Dartmouth  College,  13. 
Uavidge,  John  Beale,  4,  36,  55,  67, 

68,  80. 
Deans,  209. 

De  Butts,  Elisha,  t8,  73. 
Decision  of  Court  of  Appeals,  94. 
Degree  of  M.  B.,  48,  126. 
Degrees,  First,  19. 

"         Honorary,  48,  53. 
Demonstrators  of  Anatomy,  34,  211. 
Dental  Department,  142,  152,  154. 

"       Lectures,  123. 
Dentistry,  Instruction  in,  136. 
De  Rosset,  M.  J.,  132. 
Diploma,  First  Medical,  13. 

"  University,  54. 
Diplomas,  Trustees',  97. 
Dispensary,  Special,  133. 

"  University,     134,     136, 

140,  151. 
Dissection  Compulsory,  99,  127. 

"  Material  Abundant,  127, 

153- 
Dissection  Mob,  2,  6. 

"  Room,  34,  86,  127. 

Divinity  Faculty,  30,  142. 
Dobbin,  George  W.,  130,  134. 
Donaldson,  Frank,  140. 

"  William,  16,  18. 

Dorsey,  Robert  E.,  92. 
Ducatel,  Jules  T.,  78. 
Dudley,  B.  W.,  63. 
Duel,  Cadwalader-Conway,  53. 

"      Carr-Martin,  65. 

"      Pattison-Cadwalader,  50. 
Dunglison,  Robley,  76,  124. 

Encounter  between  Professors,  iii. 
Endowment,  96,  101,  130,  154,  1^9. 


Examination  Medalists,  213. 

Eye  and  Ear,  Diseases  of,  46,  133, 

134.  136- 
Eye  and  Ear  Institute,  132. 

Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  30,  61, 

102,  142. 
Faculty,     Medical,    seek     seats    in 

Board  of  Trustees,  85. 
Faculty,  Members  of,  151,  209. 

"         Trustees',  92. 
Fees  for  Lectures,  126,  134,  137,  153. 
Finances  of  University,  154. 
Finley,  M.  A.,  92. 
Fisher,  Wm.  R.,  92. 
Frick,  Charles,  115,  119, 
Pounds,  how  expended,  loi. 

Gambling  and  Drinking  at  Univer- 
sity, 81. 

Gas  Introduced  into  Baltimore,  23. 

Geddings,  Eli,  77. 

Gibson,  William,  ig,  33,  38,  50. 

Gilmer,  Mr.,  of  Virginia,  87. 

Godman,  John  D.,  36,  38. 

Gold  Medal  Instituted,  31. 

Gold  Medalists,  212. 

Graded  Course,  Three  Years,  153. 

Graduation,  Conditions  of,  125,  134, 
154,  157- 

Graduation  Fees,  81,  137. 

Gray  Legacy,  96,  loi,  130. 

Griffith,  Robert  Eglesfield,  89. 

Hall,   Professor,   Impeachment    of, 

109. 
Hall,  Richard  Wilmot,  19,  109,  iii. 
Hammond,    William    A.,    115,    121, 

131- 
Hamner,  J.  G.,  30,  142. 
Harlan,  Richard,  63. 
Harvard  University,  13. 
Hayden,  Horace  H,,  123. 
Histology,  131. 
Hoffman,  David,  49. 
Holmes,  Oliver  W.,  119. 
Hospital,  City,  45. 


2l6 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


Hospital,  L5'ing-in,  146. 

"         University  ;  see  Baltimore 
Infirmary. 
Howard,  Henry,  92. 

"         John  Eager,  21,  22. 

"         "William,  39. 

"         William  T.,  147. 
Hughes,  Ellis,  93. 
Hygiene,  124,  131,  158. 

Indian  Queen  Hotel,  89. 
"  "       School,  91. 

Inglis,  John  A.,  134. 
Institutes,  18. 
Introductory  Lectures,  91,  92,  129. 

Jameson,  Horatio  Gates,  63. 
Janitor,  Difficulty  with,  80,  82. 
Johnston,  Christopher,  142. 
Judgment  against  Faculty,  104. 

Kemp,  James,  30,  59. 
Kennedy,  John  P.,  102,  135. 
Key,  Francis  Scott,  17. 

Laboratory  Instruction,  153,  159. 

Lafayette's  Visit,  53. 

Latin  Medalists,  212. 

Latrobe,  John  H.  B.,  134. 

Law  Faculty,  30,  49,  61,  134,  135. 

Library,  35. 

Lincoln,  Benjamin,  71. 

Littlejohn,  Miles,  18. 

Loan,  40,  83,  105. 

Lombard  St.  Opened,  loi. 

Long,  R.  Gary,  21,  23. 

Lot,  Infirmary,  45,  96,  154. 

"    Purchase  of,  21. 
Lotteries,  19,  20,  49,  61,  85,  100. 
Lying-in  Hospital,  146,  152. 

Macaulay,  Patrick,  50. 
Mackenzie,  John  N.,  150. 
Martin,  Robert  N.,  134- 
Maryland  Academy  of  Science  and 
Literature,  79. 


Maryland  Gollege  of  Pharmacy,  114. 
"         Hospital,  13. 
"         Medical  Institute,  120, 126. 
May,  John  F.,  92, 
McDowell  Annuity,  75. 
"  Ephraim,  48. 

"  Maxwell,  33,  75,  76,  104, 

no. 
McSherry,  Richard,  145. 
Medal,  31,  154. 
Medalists,  212. 
Medical    and    Ghirurgical    Faculty 

Chartered,  4. 
Medical    and    Ghirurgical    Faculty 

Library,  75. 
Medical    and    Ghirurgical    Faculty 

Orations,  69,  132. 
Medical  Jurisprudence,  124,  158, 
'*         Lectures  of  1789,  2, 
"         School  of  1790,  2. 
Medico-Chirurgical  Society,  75. 
Memorial  of  Regents,  95. 
"  "  Trustees,  96. 

Mercury,  70. 
Michael,  J.  Edwin,  149. 
Microscopy,  130,  131. 
Miles,  Francis  T.,  148. 
Military  Surgery,  131. 
Miltenberger,  George  W.,  97,  146, 
Mob,  Dissection,  2,  6. 
Morfit,  Campbell,  129. 
Murdoch,  Russell,  134. 
Museum,  40,  42,  131. 

Nervous    Diseases,   Instruction   in, 

134- 

"N.   R.    Smith    Pathological   Labo- 
ratory," 42. 

Nurses'  Training  School,  152. 

Obstetrics,  Practical,  136,   137,  146, 

153- 
Operative  Surgery,  125,  134,  136. 
Ordinances,  105. 
"  Outrage  "  of  1837,  90. 
Owen,  John,  33. 


INDEX. 


217 


Pantheon,  21. 

Pathology,  128,  134,  142,  153. 

Pattison,    Granville    Sharp,    39,  50, 

51,  61. 
Pharmacy,  113. 
Physical  Diagnosis,  1 16. 
Physick,  Professor,  50. 
Physiology,  133. 
Polk,  Mary,  66,  67. 
Potter,  Nathaniel,  4,  85,  107. 
Power,  William,  114,  116. 
Practice  Hall,  40. 
Practice,  Teaching  of,  128. 
Preliminary  Examination,  158. 

"  Course,  134. 

Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and   Throat 

Hospital,  151. 
Priestley's  Academy,  102. 
Prizes,  31,  154. 
Professors,  209. 
Property  turned  over  by  Trustees, 

98. 
Property  of  University,  96,  loi. 
Provosts,  209. 

Reading  Room,  124. 

Reform  in  Medical    Teaching,  126, 

157. 
Regents,  150. 

"         Certificate,  96. 
"         First  Meeting,  15. 
"         Memorial,  95. 
Regulation  of  Medical  Practice,  i. 
Reorganization  of  Faculty,  88. 
Report  on  Condition  of  University, 

130. 
Resident   Physicians   of    Infirmary, 

130,  140,152,  212. 
Resident  Students  of  Infirmary,  136, 

152. 
Resignations  of  Faculty,  88. 
Restoration  to  Regents,  98. 
Review  of  University,  155. 
Revolution  of  1837,  79. 
Robinson,  Alexander  C,  106,  107. 
Roby,  Joseph,  107,  118. 


Rush  Club,  154. 

Salaries  of  Professors,  154. 

Scholarships,  137,153. 

School  of  Applied  Chemistry,  129. 

Seal,  University,  55,  loi. 

Shaaf,  Dr.,  17. 

Shaw,  John,  5,  17. 

Smith,  Alan  P.,  136. 

"      Berwick  B.,  115. 

"      Nathan  R.,  63,  93,  106,  iii, 
128,  137. 
Smith,  Robert,  31. 

"       Samuel  P.,  34. 
Society,  Anatomical,  154. 

"         Medical,  2. 
Specialties,  133. 
Standard  Raised,  157. 
Steuart,  Richard  S.,  18,  112,  113. 
Stewart,  David,  113. 
St.  John's  College,  17,  23,  68. 
St.  Mary's  College,  13. 
Stokes,  William  H.,  iii. 
Students'  Building,  136,  152. 
Subjects,  Abundance  of,  127,  153. 
Suit  against  Faculty,  32. 

"         "        Trustees,  93. 
Summer  Lectures,  133,  134,  135, 139. 
Surgery,  Teaching  of,  128. 

Taney,  Roger  Brooke,  103. 
Term,  Increase  of,  123. 
Theology,  Faculty  of,  30,  142. 
Theses,  Publishing  of,  47. 
Thomas,  Richard  H.,  118. 
Three  Years'  Graded  Course,  153. 
Tickets,  All  required,  76. 
Tiffany,  L.  McLane,  148. 
Transylvania  University,  93. 
Trustees  Appointed,  57. 

"         Proceedings  of,  84. 

"  Reign,  98. 

"         take  Possession,  59. 
Trustees'  Memorial,  96. 
Turnbull,  Duncan,  72. 

University  in  1825,  59. 


2l8 


THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   MARYLAND. 


University  Hospital  ;  see  Baltimore 

Infirmary. 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  13. 

"        •  State,  23. 
Ure  Divorce,  51. 

Van  Bibber,  W.  Chew,  131. 

Wallis,  S.  Teackle,  148. 
War,  Effect  of,  131. 
Warfield,  Charles  A.,  54, 
Warner,  Augustus  L.,  86,  106. 
Warren,  Edward,  121. 


Washington  College,  23. 

"  Medical  College,  63, 64. 

"  University,  122,  137. 

Wells,  John  Doane,  71. 
Wiesenthal,  Andrew,  2,  3. 
"  Charles  F.,  2. 

Women  and  Children,  Diseases  of, 

129,  133- 
Wright,  Thomas  H.,  72. 
Wyatt,  William  E.,  30. 

Yandell,  Lunsford  P.,  69,  93. 
Yellow  Fever,  70. 


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